Downloaded 11 times
More Related Content
Measles
- 1. MEASLES DR.MOHAMMED KABAHA SUPERVISED BYDR. ASAD RAMALWI
- 3. What is measles Itis infection of respiratory system caused by MeV which is single stranded RNA virus Family of paramyxovirus There is one known serotype
- 4. Mode of transmission measlesis highly contagious virus Aboute 90 % of household contact can infected if non immunized Transmitted by air droplet Communicabilty lasts from 2-4 day prior to 2-5 following the onset of skin rash Human is the natural host of virus is there animals reservoir ? Can transmitted by insect pinch ? The virus can live in fomites ?
- 5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS A-INCUBATION PERIOD (PHASE) : 8-12 DAY.. USUALLY THERE IS NO SIGN AND SYMPTOMS IN THIS PHASE- B - PRODROMAL PHASE : 1- MODERATE to HIGH GRADE FEVER 2 – 3Cs ( conjunctivitis .. Cough .. Coryza ) and other generalized symptom 3- 2-3 day after ..start appearing of KOPLIC SPOT Increase rapidly in first 24 hours and then fade at beginning of … .
- 6. C – RASHPHASE 3rd day after symptoms begin Red small maculopapular erythematous non itchy Start at hairline.. within 24 hour the rash progresses to entire head and neck Over next 2-4 day it cover the chest . Back . Abd . Upper and lower extremities
- 8. In well patientand non risky group D – RECOVERY PHASE About 4 day after rash appearing .. it become subside and may still fine flaking of skin up to 10-14 days Irritating cough may persist several day after recovery
- 9. COMPLICATION RISK FACTOR FORCOMPLICATION 1- Malnutrtion 2- immunodeficiency 3 – pregenency 4 –VIT A Deficiency
- 10. Possible complication The measlesis not just mild red skin rash that soon goes it may cause unplaesunt and serious illness 1- sub acute sclerosing encaphelitis 2- sever otitis media 3- bronchopneumonia 4 – sever diarrhea .vomiting and dehydration 5- blindness aboute 40000 – 60000 cases annually
- 11. Diagnosis 1- Most casesof measles diagnosed clinically In epidemic state any case of skin rash and fever is a measles until proven otherwise 2- microscobical detection of multinucleated gaint cell 3 – Immunofluorescence of cell and urin in first 5 day 4 – detection of MeV antibody
- 12. Treatment There is nospecific antivral therapy Treatment is entirely supportive Antipyretic for fever Adequate fluid Bed rest Humidification Avoid excess light Treatment of complication if present American pediatric association recommend supplementation single dose of VIT A for whom from 6 month to 2 year or high risk group
- 13. Epidemiologcal Fact The measlesis endemic throughout the world More than 30 million people worldwide affected annually most of them in developing country Prior vaccine application it was result in more than 3 million death annually worldwide in large cities at interval of 2-4 year in spring semester it become epidemic the peak incidence was among children 5-10 year of age All population was infected with measles in some time of age So in USA Individuals born befor 1957 are considred to have natural infection and to be immune not need for vaccination
- 14. MMR VACCINE LIVE ATTENUATEDVACCINE DEVELOPED BY MAURICE HILLMAN IN 1954 Approved by FDA in USA at 1963 and adding second dose at 1989 first dose give up to 93 % immunity and second dose boost it to 97% Most of developed country now use MMRV vaccine No avalible of measles vaccine alone but there is MR vaccine without MUMPS Adminstared subcutaneous injection 0.5 ml at deltoid muscle Should give first dose at age of 9-15 month and 4-6 year for second dose Can give second dose any time befor 6 year and 28 day after first dose In Palestine we introduced MMR vaccine in 1988 as single dose at age of 12 month and seconde dose in 2009 at age of 18 month
- 16. Palestine considered oneof the countries is about to achieve this goal of elimination of measles. The Incidence of measles still under control, approximately one to three cases reported yearly in the last several years. In the year 2006, only one case was reported. While no reported cases in 2008, where one case was reported in Ramallah Governorate during 2009, and one cases reported in Jerusalem during 2010 . World Health Organization criteria for elimination of measles have been implemented in Palestine.
- 17. In 2019 thereis124 laboratory confirmed cases and 2 death reported in gaza strip fatality rate about 1.6 % 40 % was hospitalized 15 % of them is health care worker 46 % were un-vaccinated 28 % infant between 6 month and I year The following response measures have been taken by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Gaza Strip: • Strengthened surveillance systems for suspect cases with fever and rash; • Initiated the early notification of suspect cases by the Central Preventive Medicine; • Continued maintenance of high levels of immunity with two doses of MMR vaccination in the community; • Health authorities in Gaza Strip began MMR vaccination of all health care workers in four public hospitals where measles cases were admitted and treated. An estimated 900 health care workers were vaccinated on 13 December 2019
- 18. MMR VACCINE ANDAUTISM
- 19.