Measles
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This document provides information about measles including its causes, transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, vaccination, and the debunked link between MMR vaccine and autism. It discusses how measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family and is highly contagious via airborne droplets. Signs include fever, cough, rash, and potential complications involving the brain, ears, or lungs. Diagnosis is usually clinical with lab tests to confirm. There is no specific treatment beyond supportive care. Routine MMR vaccination beginning at 9-15 months has led to a significant global reduction in measles cases and deaths.
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Measles
Measles is an acute viral infection caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by a maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body, accompanied by a high fever. It is highly contagious and a leading cause of death in children, especially in areas with low vaccination rates. The measles virus is an RNA virus from the Morbillivirus genus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through rest, fluids, and medications. Prevention is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine, which provides 95% efficacy.
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Pertussis : Highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis
Outbreaks first described in 16th century
Bordetella pertussis isolated in 1906
Estimated >300,000 deaths annually worldwide
Before the availability of pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, public health experts reported more than 200,000 cases of pertussis annually.
Since widespread use of the vaccine began, incidence has decreased more than 75% compared with the pre-vaccine era.
In 2012, the last peak year, CDC reported 48,277 cases of pertussis.
Extremely contagious-attack rate 100%
Immunity is never complete
Protection begins to wane in 3-5 yrs after vaccination
Influenza
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is more pathogenic and causes pandemics by mutating into new subtypes. The virus attaches to respiratory cells using hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Complications can include pneumonia. Antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir can reduce symptoms if taken early. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups annually.
Measles Lecture final yr MBBS 2017
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a maculopapular rash. It is caused by the measles virus, which is transmitted via airborne droplets. The virus has an incubation period of 10 days on average before the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis is usually clinical based on symptoms, but can be confirmed by detecting measles-specific IgM antibodies or isolating the virus. Prevention relies on active immunization with two doses of the live attenuated measles vaccine, typically administered as part of the MMR vaccine at 9 months and 15 months of age.
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a mild viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It was first described as a distinct clinical entity in the 18th century. In 1941, an Australian ophthalmologist documented the virus's ability to cause birth defects when a pregnant woman is infected. An attenuated vaccine was developed in 1967 that provides lifelong immunity. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and causes a maculopapular rash. If a pregnant woman is infected it can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in defects like deafness, cataracts and heart disease. Diagnosis involves virus isolation or serology to detect antibodies. There is no specific treatment but the live attenuated M
Tuberculosis
This document provides information on tuberculosis (TB) in children, including definitions, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and extra-pulmonary TB. It notes that TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and discusses the organism's characteristics. It also summarizes TB treatment categories, global and Pakistan-specific statistics, and describes the disease process and sites of extra-pulmonary TB in more detail.
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red blotchy rash. The measles virus lives in the mucus of the nose and throat and spreads through contact with infected droplets. Symptoms include high fever, sore eyes, small white spots inside the mouth, and a spreading rash. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. There is no specific treatment for measles other than managing symptoms, but vaccination provides excellent lifelong immunity against the virus.
Congo fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease carried by Hyalomma ticks and transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. The virus is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with flu-like symptoms initially, which can develop into vomiting blood, black stools, liver swelling, and shock. The disease has a high fatality rate of around 30% and is diagnosed through blood tests and tissue sampling. There is no vaccine available though supportive care and ribavirin treatment may help recovery. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites and reducing contact with potentially infected
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Measles
Measles is an acute viral infection caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by a maculopapular rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body, accompanied by a high fever. It is highly contagious and a leading cause of death in children, especially in areas with low vaccination rates. The measles virus is an RNA virus from the Morbillivirus genus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through rest, fluids, and medications. Prevention is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine, which provides 95% efficacy.
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Pertussis : Highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis
Outbreaks first described in 16th century
Bordetella pertussis isolated in 1906
Estimated >300,000 deaths annually worldwide
Before the availability of pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, public health experts reported more than 200,000 cases of pertussis annually.
Since widespread use of the vaccine began, incidence has decreased more than 75% compared with the pre-vaccine era.
In 2012, the last peak year, CDC reported 48,277 cases of pertussis.
Extremely contagious-attack rate 100%
Immunity is never complete
Protection begins to wane in 3-5 yrs after vaccination
Influenza
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses types A, B, and C. Type A is more pathogenic and causes pandemics by mutating into new subtypes. The virus attaches to respiratory cells using hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins. Symptoms include fever, cough, and sore throat. Complications can include pneumonia. Antiviral drugs like oseltamivir and zanamivir can reduce symptoms if taken early. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups annually.
Measles Lecture final yr MBBS 2017
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a maculopapular rash. It is caused by the measles virus, which is transmitted via airborne droplets. The virus has an incubation period of 10 days on average before the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis is usually clinical based on symptoms, but can be confirmed by detecting measles-specific IgM antibodies or isolating the virus. Prevention relies on active immunization with two doses of the live attenuated measles vaccine, typically administered as part of the MMR vaccine at 9 months and 15 months of age.
Rubella
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a mild viral illness caused by the rubella virus. It was first described as a distinct clinical entity in the 18th century. In 1941, an Australian ophthalmologist documented the virus's ability to cause birth defects when a pregnant woman is infected. An attenuated vaccine was developed in 1967 that provides lifelong immunity. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and causes a maculopapular rash. If a pregnant woman is infected it can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in defects like deafness, cataracts and heart disease. Diagnosis involves virus isolation or serology to detect antibodies. There is no specific treatment but the live attenuated M
Tuberculosis
This document provides information on tuberculosis (TB) in children, including definitions, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and extra-pulmonary TB. It notes that TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and discusses the organism's characteristics. It also summarizes TB treatment categories, global and Pakistan-specific statistics, and describes the disease process and sites of extra-pulmonary TB in more detail.
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red blotchy rash. The measles virus lives in the mucus of the nose and throat and spreads through contact with infected droplets. Symptoms include high fever, sore eyes, small white spots inside the mouth, and a spreading rash. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. There is no specific treatment for measles other than managing symptoms, but vaccination provides excellent lifelong immunity against the virus.
Congo fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral disease carried by Hyalomma ticks and transmitted to humans via tick bites or contact with infected animal blood. The virus is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Balkans. It causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with flu-like symptoms initially, which can develop into vomiting blood, black stools, liver swelling, and shock. The disease has a high fatality rate of around 30% and is diagnosed through blood tests and tissue sampling. There is no vaccine available though supportive care and ribavirin treatment may help recovery. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites and reducing contact with potentially infected
Pertussis
Pertussis also known as “whooping cough” is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
Chicken pox
This document provides an overview of chickenpox (varicella) and herpes zoster (shingles) caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). It discusses the history, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases. Chickenpox causes a highly contagious rash and fever while shingles results from reactivation of the latent VZV in nerves, causing a painful rash in a dermatomal distribution. Laboratory tests can help diagnose these conditions but they are usually clinically apparent. Vaccination provides effective prevention against chickenpox and reduces shingles risk.
Poliomyelitis uploaded by Samrat Gurung
Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by an RNA virus that affects children under 5 years old. It can cause paralysis if the virus infects the central nervous system. Three types of poliovirus exist. While most infections are asymptomatic, paralysis occurs in less than 1% of cases. Transmission is primarily through the fecal-oral route. Nepal was declared polio-free in 2014 through vaccination efforts. Oral polio vaccine is effective at inducing immunity and spreading to non-immunized individuals. Maintaining high vaccination coverage is important to prevent new outbreaks.
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This document summarizes information about diphtheria, including:
1) It is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that was historically a major childhood killer but is now rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination.
2) It remains endemic in developing countries and cases are primarily reported from Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa.
3) Clinical features vary depending on site of infection (respiratory, cutaneous), with respiratory diphtheria being the most severe form and potentially life-threatening due to airway obstruction or systemic toxicity.
4) Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics. Prevention relies on vaccination according to the WHO Expanded
Measles
Measles, also known as rubeola or hard measles, is a highly contagious viral disease that mostly affects children. It has an incubation period of 10-12 days and is communicable from 4 days before until 5 days after the appearance of a rash. The virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, or contact with infected secretions. Symptoms include a rash that lasts 9-10 days and potential complications involving the lungs, brain, or eyes. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and antibiotics for secondary infections. Vaccination is recommended with MMR vaccines at 15 months and 11-12 years for prevention.
Mumps
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that causes swelling of the salivary glands. It is caused by the mumps virus, an RNA virus of the paramyxovirus family. The virus is transmitted through droplets from the saliva or mucus of an infected person. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swelling of the salivary glands. While usually self-limiting, complications can sometimes occur affecting organs like the testes, ovaries or brain. The mumps virus is most contagious in the days before and during the onset of swelling.
Influenza in Children Recommendations for Prevention &Treatment
1. Seasonal influenza is caused by influenza viruses that mainly affect the respiratory system. While it can affect people of all ages, children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are most at risk of serious complications.
2. Influenza viruses are classified into types A, B, and C based on antigenic differences. Influenza A viruses are further subtyped by their surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
3. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. While most people recover in a week, influenza can cause serious illness requiring hospitalization, especially in high-risk
Measles.pptx
Measles is a highly infectious childhood disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever and a rash. While the disease itself is usually not fatal, it can lead to serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and malnutrition. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets. There is no specific treatment for measles, but supportive care and vitamin A supplementation can help recovery. Immunization with the measles vaccine provides lifelong protection and is the most effective preventive strategy.
Bronchiolitis
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
MEASLES
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Chickenpox -symptoms |tests |management ( medical information )
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children.
The name may be derived from the French term for chick pea, chiche pois. Another theory is that the word 'chicken' was derived from a slang term for 'child'. Chickenpox is also known as varicella.
please comment
thank you ...
Influenza
Infectious disease epidemiology describes influenza as an acute viral infection typically causing abrupt onset of fever and respiratory symptoms like cough and sore throat. Complications can include primary viral or secondary bacterial pneumonia. Influenza viruses are transmitted through respiratory secretions when people cough, sneeze or talk. There are annual epidemics in winter months in temperate regions that vary in severity each year. Pandemics occur less frequently and represent major antigenic shifts in influenza virus subtypes. Surveillance, vaccines, antiviral drugs, rest, and handwashing help prevent and treat influenza.
Rubella
This document provides information on rubella (German measles), including:
- It is a viral disease that mainly affects children and causes a rash and lymph node swelling.
- The virus was isolated in the 1960s and a live attenuated vaccine was developed in 1967.
- Infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the baby.
- Transmission is via respiratory droplets and the infection is usually mild but can cause birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy.
- Rubella vaccination is recommended to control the disease.
MEASLES, MUMPS & RUBELLA
This document provides information on Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR). It describes the causative agents, signs and symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention methods for each disease. Measles is highly infectious and a major cause of childhood mortality. Mumps typically causes swelling of the salivary glands. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. The MMR vaccine provides protection against all three diseases and is an important tool for their control and elimination through vaccination programs.
Measles
Measles is a highly infectious disease that affects children. It is caused by a virus and causes fever, runny nose, cough, and a red rash. While measles vaccination has reduced deaths, it remains a major cause of death in developing countries. The measles virus is transmitted through the air via coughing and sneezing. Complications from measles can include blindness, encephalitis, and pneumonia. Prevention relies on achieving high vaccination rates of at least 95% through routine childhood immunization.
Viral Gastroenteritis
Have you ever had
the "stomach flu?" What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a
type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is
the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food
or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent
hand washing.
Symptoms of
gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever
and chills. Most people recover with no treatment.
The most common
problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. This happens if you do not drink
enough fluids to replace what you lose through vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration
is most common in babies, young children, the elderly and people with weak
immune systems.
Pertussis dr yusuf imran
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infection caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. It is characterized by intense coughing fits followed by a high-pitched intake of breath, known as the "whoop." While vaccination programs have reduced global prevalence, it remains a public health concern. In India in particular, cases dropped significantly from 1987 to 2011 due to expanded vaccination efforts. The disease is highly contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets. Complications can include pneumonia, seizures, and even death in severe cases, especially for infants under 2 months old. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antibiotics like erythromycin to reduce symptoms and transmission.
Shigellosis
Shigella bacteria cause the infectious disease shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. It is estimated to cause around 90 million cases annually, resulting in over 100,000 deaths mostly in children in developing countries. The bacteria are highly contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. Treatment involves rehydration and antibiotics to reduce duration of symptoms.
Chikhungunya
what is chikun gunya? Its epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis and transmission? chikungunya virus and its difference with dangue and zika viris, WHO
Swine flu H1N1
This document provides an overview of swine flu (H1N1). It discusses that swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs caused by influenza A viruses that can infect humans. The document outlines those at high risk, how it is transmitted, the incubation period, pathogenesis, clinical findings, laboratory diagnosis, prevention methods like hand washing and masks, treatment including antiviral drugs, and vaccination against seasonal flu strains.
epidofmeasles-180920162327.pdf
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is transmitted through respiratory droplets. It causes a rash and fever and can lead to severe complications or death, especially in malnourished children. Before the widespread use of the measles vaccine in the 1960s, nearly all children contracted measles by age 10. Through vaccination campaigns and increased immunization rates, global measles deaths have declined significantly. However, ongoing efforts are still needed to achieve regional elimination goals and protect susceptible populations.
Epidemiology of measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is transmitted through respiratory droplets. It causes a rash and fever and can lead to severe complications without vaccination. Before widespread vaccination, measles killed millions of children globally each year. Two doses of the measles vaccine, usually combined in the MMR vaccine, are effective at preventing the disease and its complications. Public health efforts aim to achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage to eliminate measles through both routine immunization and supplemental catch-up campaigns.
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Pertussis
Pertussis also known as “whooping cough” is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
Chicken pox
This document provides an overview of chickenpox (varicella) and herpes zoster (shingles) caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). It discusses the history, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases. Chickenpox causes a highly contagious rash and fever while shingles results from reactivation of the latent VZV in nerves, causing a painful rash in a dermatomal distribution. Laboratory tests can help diagnose these conditions but they are usually clinically apparent. Vaccination provides effective prevention against chickenpox and reduces shingles risk.
Poliomyelitis uploaded by Samrat Gurung
Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by an RNA virus that affects children under 5 years old. It can cause paralysis if the virus infects the central nervous system. Three types of poliovirus exist. While most infections are asymptomatic, paralysis occurs in less than 1% of cases. Transmission is primarily through the fecal-oral route. Nepal was declared polio-free in 2014 through vaccination efforts. Oral polio vaccine is effective at inducing immunity and spreading to non-immunized individuals. Maintaining high vaccination coverage is important to prevent new outbreaks.
20180129 diphtheria
This document summarizes information about diphtheria, including:
1) It is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that was historically a major childhood killer but is now rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination.
2) It remains endemic in developing countries and cases are primarily reported from Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Africa.
3) Clinical features vary depending on site of infection (respiratory, cutaneous), with respiratory diphtheria being the most severe form and potentially life-threatening due to airway obstruction or systemic toxicity.
4) Treatment involves diphtheria antitoxin and antibiotics. Prevention relies on vaccination according to the WHO Expanded
Measles
Measles, also known as rubeola or hard measles, is a highly contagious viral disease that mostly affects children. It has an incubation period of 10-12 days and is communicable from 4 days before until 5 days after the appearance of a rash. The virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, or contact with infected secretions. Symptoms include a rash that lasts 9-10 days and potential complications involving the lungs, brain, or eyes. Treatment focuses on isolation, supportive care, and antibiotics for secondary infections. Vaccination is recommended with MMR vaccines at 15 months and 11-12 years for prevention.
Mumps
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that causes swelling of the salivary glands. It is caused by the mumps virus, an RNA virus of the paramyxovirus family. The virus is transmitted through droplets from the saliva or mucus of an infected person. Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and swelling of the salivary glands. While usually self-limiting, complications can sometimes occur affecting organs like the testes, ovaries or brain. The mumps virus is most contagious in the days before and during the onset of swelling.
Influenza in Children Recommendations for Prevention &Treatment
1. Seasonal influenza is caused by influenza viruses that mainly affect the respiratory system. While it can affect people of all ages, children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are most at risk of serious complications.
2. Influenza viruses are classified into types A, B, and C based on antigenic differences. Influenza A viruses are further subtyped by their surface proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase.
3. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes. Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches. While most people recover in a week, influenza can cause serious illness requiring hospitalization, especially in high-risk
Measles.pptx
Measles is a highly infectious childhood disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by fever and a rash. While the disease itself is usually not fatal, it can lead to serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, and malnutrition. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets. There is no specific treatment for measles, but supportive care and vitamin A supplementation can help recovery. Immunization with the measles vaccine provides lifelong protection and is the most effective preventive strategy.
Bronchiolitis
What is bronchiolitis and its definition, the age group, signs and symptoms and clinical presentation The clinical practice guidelines, how to diagnosis, clinical criteria, what are the severity degrees and How to assess the severity, what are the investigations that may be needed, Is there any diagnostic test, what is the prognosis
What is the management,
MEASLES
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Chickenpox -symptoms |tests |management ( medical information )
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children.
The name may be derived from the French term for chick pea, chiche pois. Another theory is that the word 'chicken' was derived from a slang term for 'child'. Chickenpox is also known as varicella.
please comment
thank you ...
Influenza
Infectious disease epidemiology describes influenza as an acute viral infection typically causing abrupt onset of fever and respiratory symptoms like cough and sore throat. Complications can include primary viral or secondary bacterial pneumonia. Influenza viruses are transmitted through respiratory secretions when people cough, sneeze or talk. There are annual epidemics in winter months in temperate regions that vary in severity each year. Pandemics occur less frequently and represent major antigenic shifts in influenza virus subtypes. Surveillance, vaccines, antiviral drugs, rest, and handwashing help prevent and treat influenza.
Rubella
This document provides information on rubella (German measles), including:
- It is a viral disease that mainly affects children and causes a rash and lymph node swelling.
- The virus was isolated in the 1960s and a live attenuated vaccine was developed in 1967.
- Infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the baby.
- Transmission is via respiratory droplets and the infection is usually mild but can cause birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy.
- Rubella vaccination is recommended to control the disease.
MEASLES, MUMPS & RUBELLA
This document provides information on Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR). It describes the causative agents, signs and symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention methods for each disease. Measles is highly infectious and a major cause of childhood mortality. Mumps typically causes swelling of the salivary glands. Rubella infection during pregnancy can cause congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus. The MMR vaccine provides protection against all three diseases and is an important tool for their control and elimination through vaccination programs.
Measles
Measles is a highly infectious disease that affects children. It is caused by a virus and causes fever, runny nose, cough, and a red rash. While measles vaccination has reduced deaths, it remains a major cause of death in developing countries. The measles virus is transmitted through the air via coughing and sneezing. Complications from measles can include blindness, encephalitis, and pneumonia. Prevention relies on achieving high vaccination rates of at least 95% through routine childhood immunization.
Viral Gastroenteritis
Have you ever had
the "stomach flu?" What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a
type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is
the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food
or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent
hand washing.
Symptoms of
gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever
and chills. Most people recover with no treatment.
The most common
problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. This happens if you do not drink
enough fluids to replace what you lose through vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration
is most common in babies, young children, the elderly and people with weak
immune systems.
Pertussis dr yusuf imran
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an acute respiratory infection caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. It is characterized by intense coughing fits followed by a high-pitched intake of breath, known as the "whoop." While vaccination programs have reduced global prevalence, it remains a public health concern. In India in particular, cases dropped significantly from 1987 to 2011 due to expanded vaccination efforts. The disease is highly contagious, spreading through respiratory droplets. Complications can include pneumonia, seizures, and even death in severe cases, especially for infants under 2 months old. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antibiotics like erythromycin to reduce symptoms and transmission.
Shigellosis
Shigella bacteria cause the infectious disease shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. It is estimated to cause around 90 million cases annually, resulting in over 100,000 deaths mostly in children in developing countries. The bacteria are highly contagious and can be transmitted through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. Treatment involves rehydration and antibiotics to reduce duration of symptoms.
Chikhungunya
what is chikun gunya? Its epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis and transmission? chikungunya virus and its difference with dangue and zika viris, WHO
Swine flu H1N1
This document provides an overview of swine flu (H1N1). It discusses that swine flu is a respiratory disease in pigs caused by influenza A viruses that can infect humans. The document outlines those at high risk, how it is transmitted, the incubation period, pathogenesis, clinical findings, laboratory diagnosis, prevention methods like hand washing and masks, treatment including antiviral drugs, and vaccination against seasonal flu strains.
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Similar to Measles
epidofmeasles-180920162327.pdf
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is transmitted through respiratory droplets. It causes a rash and fever and can lead to severe complications or death, especially in malnourished children. Before the widespread use of the measles vaccine in the 1960s, nearly all children contracted measles by age 10. Through vaccination campaigns and increased immunization rates, global measles deaths have declined significantly. However, ongoing efforts are still needed to achieve regional elimination goals and protect susceptible populations.
Epidemiology of measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is transmitted through respiratory droplets. It causes a rash and fever and can lead to severe complications without vaccination. Before widespread vaccination, measles killed millions of children globally each year. Two doses of the measles vaccine, usually combined in the MMR vaccine, are effective at preventing the disease and its complications. Public health efforts aim to achieve at least 90% vaccination coverage to eliminate measles through both routine immunization and supplemental catch-up campaigns.
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This document summarizes key information about measles:
1. Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children and can cause complications like pneumonia and encephalitis.
2. Measles vaccination programs have significantly reduced global measles deaths from over 500,000 in 2000 to around 100,000 in 2015.
3. Achieving and maintaining high vaccination coverage of at least 95% with two doses of the measles vaccine is the primary strategy for eliminating measles.
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This document provides information on measles (rubeola), including its definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and prophylaxis. It describes measles as a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and rash. Key points include that measles virus is transmitted via respiratory droplets; the vaccine is live attenuated measles virus that provides 95% protection with two recommended doses at 12-15 months and 4-6 years of age.
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Measles is a highly contagious disease that was one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide prior to widespread vaccination. While vaccination strategies using measles vaccines have controlled the disease in many areas, measles still causes over 100,000 deaths annually. Achieving and maintaining high vaccination rates of over 95% with two doses of measles vaccine is critical to eventually eliminating the disease globally. Challenges remain in reaching elimination targets due to weaknesses in immunization systems and changing epidemiology in certain populations.
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To learn more, please visit www.waidid.org!
MMR
This document summarizes information about three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. It describes the causative agents, transmission, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, prevention, and outbreak control measures for each disease. Measles is caused by a paramyxovirus, has an incubation period of 10-14 days, and symptoms include fever, cough, and a characteristic rash. Mumps is caused by a myxovirus that spreads via saliva and causes swelling of the parotid glands. Rubella is caused by a togavirus and often presents as a mild illness with fever and rash but can have serious complications if acquired congenitally. Vaccines exist to prevent all three diseases.
Vaccine3 polio
This document provides information about polio, including:
- Poliovirus is an enterovirus that can cause paralysis. There were outbreaks in the late 19th/early 20th century before vaccines.
- Both inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) were developed in the 1950s-60s and led to global eradication efforts.
- Routine polio vaccination with IPV is recommended in the US to eliminate the rare risk of paralysis from OPV. Global eradication is the goal by 2010.
Measles dr. al
This document provides information on measles including:
- Measles is a highly infectious viral disease spread through airborne droplets from infected individuals. It primarily affects young children and can be fatal.
- Myanmar has set a goal to eliminate measles and control rubella by 2020 through high vaccination coverage and case-based surveillance starting in 2007. No indigenous measles transmission has been detected since 2013.
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Measles james
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads through the air. It typically causes a rash, fever, and other symptoms. While a safe and effective vaccine exists, measles cases have risen globally due to undervaccination. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, while complications can include secondary infections of the lungs, brain, or eyes. Vaccination has significantly reduced measles deaths worldwide.
SUMMARIZE EACH SECTION OF THE Identify.pdf
1. The first section describes the symptoms and characteristics of measles including the viral cause, symptoms such as fever and rash, how it spreads, and risks. It notes measles was a major killer before vaccination.
2. The second section discusses primary prevention for measles through vaccination programs. It outlines the effectiveness and low cost of the measles vaccine and efforts to increase global vaccination rates, though some countries still have low coverage.
3. The third section establishes the criteria for screening for measles, including the initial fever and rash symptoms that would warrant further testing. It describes measles is highly contagious through the air and on surfaces.
4. The fourth section notes screening effectiveness will
SUMMARIZE EACH SECTION OF THE.pdf
1. The first section describes the symptoms and characteristics of measles including the rash, fever, and how it spreads. It notes measles was a major killer before vaccination.
2. The second section discusses primary prevention for measles through vaccination programs. It outlines global vaccination rates and goals.
3. The third section lists the criteria needed before screening, including the symptoms like fever and rash that would warrant screening. It describes measles is highly contagious.
4. The fourth section states screening effectiveness will be evaluated through blood or other samples that can detect the virus or antibodies to diagnose or confirm cases and investigate sources.
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Strebel 2019 measles nejm
This document discusses a case of a 38-year-old man who presents with fever and cough, and later develops a rash. The physician suspects measles. Measles is highly contagious and was eliminated in the US in 2000, but cases have been increasing since 2016 due to imported cases. Measles presents with fever and rash, and is diagnosed through IgM antibody or PCR testing of specimens. Treatment involves supportive care and vitamin A for severe cases. Prevention relies on two doses of MMR vaccine, which have reduced global measles deaths by over 20 million since 2000. However, outbreaks continue to occur in undervaccinated communities.
Overview of medicine
Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red rash. While measles mortality and morbidity has decreased with vaccination, it remains a major cause of death among young children globally, especially in developing countries. The measles virus is spread through the air via coughs or sneezes. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. Prevention relies on achieving high vaccination rates of more than 95% through routine childhood immunization.
Measles eradication
This document discusses measles eradication strategies. It provides definitions of eradication, elimination, and WHO targets for measles. Measles is highly contagious and a major cause of death in developing countries. Strategies for eradication include maintaining high vaccination rates, surveillance to rapidly detect outbreaks, and supplemental immunization activities. Effective measles vaccination requires at least 90% national coverage along with follow up campaigns every few years. Hurdles to eradication include weak health systems and difficulties vaccinating all populations.
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MEASLES
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection transmitted through airborne droplets. It was distinguished from smallpox in the 9th century but repeated epidemics were not recorded until the 11th-12th centuries. The virus spreads rapidly through the respiratory route and has an incubation period of 6-18 days. Typical measles is characterized by a prodromal phase including fever and Koplik's spots followed by a maculopapular rash that spreads from head to feet over 3-5 days. Complications can include pneumonia, encephalitis and death in rare cases. Two doses of the live attenuated MMR vaccine provide over 95% efficacy and lifelong immunity.
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Measles
- 1. MEASLES DR.MOHAMMED KABAHA SUPERVISED BY DR. ASAD RAMALWI
- 3. What is measles It is infection of respiratory system caused by MeV which is single stranded RNA virus Family of paramyxovirus There is one known serotype
- 4. Mode of transmission measles is highly contagious virus Aboute 90 % of household contact can infected if non immunized Transmitted by air droplet Communicabilty lasts from 2-4 day prior to 2-5 following the onset of skin rash Human is the natural host of virus is there animals reservoir ? Can transmitted by insect pinch ? The virus can live in fomites ?
- 5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS A- INCUBATION PERIOD (PHASE) : 8-12 DAY.. USUALLY THERE IS NO SIGN AND SYMPTOMS IN THIS PHASE- B - PRODROMAL PHASE : 1- MODERATE to HIGH GRADE FEVER 2 – 3Cs ( conjunctivitis .. Cough .. Coryza ) and other generalized symptom 3- 2-3 day after ..start appearing of KOPLIC SPOT Increase rapidly in first 24 hours and then fade at beginning of … .
- 6. C – RASH PHASE 3rd day after symptoms begin Red small maculopapular erythematous non itchy Start at hairline.. within 24 hour the rash progresses to entire head and neck Over next 2-4 day it cover the chest . Back . Abd . Upper and lower extremities
- 8. In well patient and non risky group D – RECOVERY PHASE About 4 day after rash appearing .. it become subside and may still fine flaking of skin up to 10-14 days Irritating cough may persist several day after recovery
- 9. COMPLICATION RISK FACTOR FOR COMPLICATION 1- Malnutrtion 2- immunodeficiency 3 – pregenency 4 –VIT A Deficiency
- 10. Possible complication The measles is not just mild red skin rash that soon goes it may cause unplaesunt and serious illness 1- sub acute sclerosing encaphelitis 2- sever otitis media 3- bronchopneumonia 4 – sever diarrhea .vomiting and dehydration 5- blindness aboute 40000 – 60000 cases annually
- 11. Diagnosis 1- Most cases of measles diagnosed clinically In epidemic state any case of skin rash and fever is a measles until proven otherwise 2- microscobical detection of multinucleated gaint cell 3 – Immunofluorescence of cell and urin in first 5 day 4 – detection of MeV antibody
- 12. Treatment There is no specific antivral therapy Treatment is entirely supportive Antipyretic for fever Adequate fluid Bed rest Humidification Avoid excess light Treatment of complication if present American pediatric association recommend supplementation single dose of VIT A for whom from 6 month to 2 year or high risk group
- 13. Epidemiologcal Fact The measles is endemic throughout the world More than 30 million people worldwide affected annually most of them in developing country Prior vaccine application it was result in more than 3 million death annually worldwide in large cities at interval of 2-4 year in spring semester it become epidemic the peak incidence was among children 5-10 year of age All population was infected with measles in some time of age So in USA Individuals born befor 1957 are considred to have natural infection and to be immune not need for vaccination
- 14. MMR VACCINE LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE DEVELOPED BY MAURICE HILLMAN IN 1954 Approved by FDA in USA at 1963 and adding second dose at 1989 first dose give up to 93 % immunity and second dose boost it to 97% Most of developed country now use MMRV vaccine No avalible of measles vaccine alone but there is MR vaccine without MUMPS Adminstared subcutaneous injection 0.5 ml at deltoid muscle Should give first dose at age of 9-15 month and 4-6 year for second dose Can give second dose any time befor 6 year and 28 day after first dose In Palestine we introduced MMR vaccine in 1988 as single dose at age of 12 month and seconde dose in 2009 at age of 18 month
- 16. Palestine considered one of the countries is about to achieve this goal of elimination of measles. The Incidence of measles still under control, approximately one to three cases reported yearly in the last several years. In the year 2006, only one case was reported. While no reported cases in 2008, where one case was reported in Ramallah Governorate during 2009, and one cases reported in Jerusalem during 2010 . World Health Organization criteria for elimination of measles have been implemented in Palestine.
- 17. In 2019 there is124 laboratory confirmed cases and 2 death reported in gaza strip fatality rate about 1.6 % 40 % was hospitalized 15 % of them is health care worker 46 % were un-vaccinated 28 % infant between 6 month and I year The following response measures have been taken by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Gaza Strip: • Strengthened surveillance systems for suspect cases with fever and rash; • Initiated the early notification of suspect cases by the Central Preventive Medicine; • Continued maintenance of high levels of immunity with two doses of MMR vaccination in the community; • Health authorities in Gaza Strip began MMR vaccination of all health care workers in four public hospitals where measles cases were admitted and treated. An estimated 900 health care workers were vaccinated on 13 December 2019
- 18. MMR VACCINE AND AUTISM
- 19. THANK YOU