The maxillary artery arises from the external carotid artery and divides into three parts - the mandibular, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine parts. It supplies structures in the face and nasal cavity. The pterygoid plexus of vessels anastomoses with the facial vein and cavernous sinus, allowing for spread of infections. Injuries to branches of the maxillary artery can cause nosebleeds, epidural hematomas, or complications from surgery like Le Fort I osteotomies.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA AND PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA NEW.pptxSudin Kayastha
INFRA TEMPORAL FOSSA
Irregularly shaped space deep & inferior to zygomatic arch, deep to ramus of mandible & posterior to maxilla
Communicates with temporal fossa through interval between (deep to) zygomatic arch & (superficial to) cranial bones
Temporal fossa is superior to zygomatic arch In
Referred from different sources , here i present a very concise presentation on CRANIAL CAVITY . This presentation will give you complete knowledge of the topic cranial cavity with well elaborated and intellectual diagrams hand picked from F. Netter. ......... Do like and share , Leave your comments so as to get more stuff like this in future.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA AND PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA NEW.pptxSudin Kayastha
INFRA TEMPORAL FOSSA
Irregularly shaped space deep & inferior to zygomatic arch, deep to ramus of mandible & posterior to maxilla
Communicates with temporal fossa through interval between (deep to) zygomatic arch & (superficial to) cranial bones
Temporal fossa is superior to zygomatic arch In
Referred from different sources , here i present a very concise presentation on CRANIAL CAVITY . This presentation will give you complete knowledge of the topic cranial cavity with well elaborated and intellectual diagrams hand picked from F. Netter. ......... Do like and share , Leave your comments so as to get more stuff like this in future.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
4. The common carotid and internal carotid are
slightly dilated in an area known as
the carotid sinus, and is a baroreceptor that
reacts to changes in arterial blood pressure.
The artery ends within the parotid gland by
dividing into the superficial temporal artery
and the maxillary artery.
5. Maxillary artery
is one of the two
terminal
branches of
the external
carotid artery.
It supplies blood
to maxilla and
mandibular
bones, deep facial
areas,
cerebral dura
mater and
the nasal cavity.
INTRODUCTION
6. Main trunk divides into three parts:
Mandibular part (1st part) – It winds around deep to the neck of the mandible.
Pterygoid part (2nd part) – It travels between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
Pterygopalatine part (3rd part) – Enters into the pterygopalatine fossa.
7. COURSE OF MAXILLARY ARTERY
The maxillary artery at its origin is embedded in
the parotid gland.
• 1st part runs horizontally between the neck of
the mandible and
sphenomandibular ligament on the lower
border of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
• 2nd part runs superficial to the lower head of
the lateral pterygoid muscle.
• 3rd part turns medially, between the two
heads of lateral pterygoid and ends in
the pterygopalatine fossa and terminates into
the sphenopalatine artery near the nasal
cavity.
8. MANDIBULAR PART (1ST PART)
1.Deep auricular artery - Superficially to the
tympanic membrane, passing between the
cartilage and bone to supply the external
acoustic meatus.
2.Anterior tympanic artery - It passes deep to
the membrane, through the petro-tympanic
fissure to the middle ear to join the circular
anastomosis around the tympanic membrane.
3.Middle meningeal artery - It ascends
between the two roots of the auriculo-temporal
nerve through foramen spinosum.
BRANCHES AND DISTRIBUTION
9. It then runs forward in a groove on the great wing of the sphenoid bone, and divides into two
branches;
Anterior Division and Posterior Division.
10. 4. Inferior alveolar artery - The artery runs along the canal , accompanying the nerve and divides
near the 1st premolar giving of INCISAL and MENTAL. Near the origin it gives of LINGUAL
and MYLOHYOID.
11. 5. Accessory meningeal artery - It
passes upwards through the
foramen ovale to supply the dura
mater of the floor of the middle
fossa and of the trigeminal cave
(Meckel’s cave).
12. 1. Masseteric artery - accompanies the
lingual nerve. It is small, and passes
laterally through the mandibular
notch to the deep surface of
the masseter muscle, which it
supplies.
PTERYGOID PART ( 2ND PART )
13. 2. Pterygoid artery - It supplies
the lateral pterygoid
muscle and medial pterygoid muscle.
14. 3. Deep temporal artery -They course between the temporalis and the pericranium respectively,
supplying the muscles, and anastomose with the middle temporal artery. The anterior division
communicates with the lacrimal artery by means of small branches which perforate the zygomatic
bone and great wing of the sphenoid.
15. 4. Buccal or buccinator artery - It
anastomoses with branches of the facial
artery and with the infraorbital artery.
From the infraorbital area, the buccal
artery descends bilaterally in the
superficial face along the lateral margin of
the nose, then running anti-parallel to the
facial artery across the lateral oral region.
16. PTERYGOPALATINE PART ( 3RD PART )
1. Sphenopalatine artery - It passes through the
sphenopalatine foramen into the cavity of the
nose, at the back part of the superior meatus.
Crossing the inferior surface of the sphenoid, the
sphenopalatine artery ends on the nasal septum
as the posterior septal branches.
17. 2. Descending palatine artery - It descends through the greater palatine canal with the
greater and lesser palatine branches. It emerges from the greater palatine foramen, runs
forward in a groove on the medial side of the alveolar border of the hard palate to the
incisive canal; the terminal branch of the artery passes upward through this canal to
anastomose with the sphenopalatine artery.
18. 3. Infraorbital artery - passes forwards through the inferior orbital fissure, along the floor of
the orbit in infraorbital canal to emerge with the infraorbital nerve on the face. In canal it gives a)
ORBITAL BRANCH and b) ANTERIOR and MIDDLE SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR BRANCH.
19. 4. Posterior superior alveolar artery - Gives numerous branches that accompany the
corresponding nerves through foramina in the posterior wall of the maxilla supplying the
molars and premolars and the lining of sinus and gums.
20. 5. Pharyngeal artery - It runs
backward through the pharyngeal
canal with the pharyngeal nerve,
and supplies structures such as
the pharynx, the posterior aspect of
the roof of the nasal cavity,
sphenoid sinus, and Eustachian
tube.
21. 6. Artery of the pterygoid canal - It
passes backwards along the pterygoid
canal and supplies the upper part of
the pharynx, and auditory tube and sends
a small division into the tympanic
cavity to anastomose with the tympanic
arteries.
23. PTERYGOID PLEXUS
• It anastomoses anteriorly with facial vein
and superiorly with cavernous sinus.
• Clinical significance is the spread of
infection from the dental area (drained by
the pterygoid plexus)which can travel to
cavernous sinus via emissary vein and
cause intracranial infections from an
extracranial source.
24. • Refers to nose bleed or hemorrhage from the
nose.
• Two types based on location.
• Treatments to be considered include topical
vasoconstriction, chemical cautery,
electrocautery, nasal packing (nasal tampon or
gauze impregnated with petroleum jelly),
posterior gauze packing, and arterial ligation
or embolization.
EPISTAXIS ( NOSE BLEED)
25. EPIDURAL HEMATOMA
Pterion is the weakest part of the skull.
Overlies anterior branch of middle meningeal
artery.
Located in the temporal fossa above posterolateral
margin of fronto-zygomatic suture.
Accumulation of blood in the epidural space.
Treatment may require decompression of the
hematoma, usually by craniotomy.
26. • Injury to the descending palatine artery can be
minimized by not extending the osteotomy more than
30mm to 35mm posterior to the piriform rim.
• Pterygomaxillary separation should be made along the
pterygomaxillary fissure with either a curved
osteotome or a right-angled oscillating saw. Because
the descending palatine artery travels in an anterior-
inferior direction as it enters the greater palatine canal,
injury can be prevented by closely adapting the cutting
edge of the osteotome or the saw to the
pterygomaxillary fissure.
LE FORT 1 OSTEOTOMY
27. • Facial blanching after IANBAcan be caused by
anesthetic injection into the maxillary artery area,
affecting the infraorbital artery.
• Studies have suggested that peripheral vasoconstriction
occurs because of the effect of the α-receptor agonist.
• The pain was caused by the sudden contraction of blood
vessels in the region supplied by the maxillary artery and
the subsequent reduction of blood supply.
INTRA-VASCULAR INJECTION COMPLICATION
28. CONCLUSION
• Maxillary artery is one of the largest of the terminal branch of
external carotid artery.
• It supplies deep structures of the face.
• It is divided into 3 parts; mandibular part, pterygoid part and
the pterygopalatine part.
• It is surrounded by a small network of vessels known as
pterygoid plexus.
29. REFERENCES
1. B.D Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy 6TH Edition.
2. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy.
3. CHAPTER VI: Arteries, Gray’s Anatomy.
4. Images from KENHUB.COM.
5.Adriana L. Natali1; Vamsi Reddy2; Jonathan T. Leo3. Neuroanatomy, Middle
Meningeal Arteries [PUBMED].
6. Ekramul M. Gofur1; Yasir Al Khalili2. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Internal
Maxillary Arteries.
7.Sang-Hoon Kang and Yu-JinWon. Facial blanching after inferior alveolar nerve
block anesthesia: an unusual complication.
8. K K Li, J G Meara, A Alexander Jr. Location of the descending palatine artery in
relation to the Le Fort I osteotomy