The document discusses the external carotid artery, including its branches and distributions. It begins with an overview of the common carotid arteries and then describes the branches of the external carotid artery, including the anterior branches (superior thyroid, lingual, facial), posterior branches (occipital, posterior auricular), medial branch (ascending pharyngeal), and terminal branches (maxillary, superficial temporal). It concludes with some clinical considerations regarding hematomas, maxillary sinus infections, and their management.

1. EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
PRESENTED BY –
Dr.ANKITA RAJ (MDS Reader)
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department
Rama Dental College, Kanpur

2. CONTENT -
-OVERVIEW ON CAROTID ARTERIES
-LEFT AND RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES
-BRANCHES OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
-DISTRIBUTIONS OF BRANCHES
-CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
-CONCLUSION

3. OVERVIEW ON CAROTID ARTERIES-

4. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
•RIGHT COMMON CAROTID-
It is a branch of brachiocephalic artery. It begins in the neck
behind the right sternoclavicular joint.
LEFT COMMON CAROTID-
It is the branch of arch of aorta.

5. INTRODUCTION
•EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
It is one of the terminal branch of common carotid artery.
• It lies anterior to the internal carotid artery.
It is a chief arterial supply to the front of neck and face.

6. BRANCHES OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
• 1. ANTERIOR
•
. SUPERIOR THYROID
. LINGUAL
.FACIAL
2. POSTERIOR
•
.OCCIPITAL
.POSTERIOR AURICULAR
• 3. MEDIAL
. ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL
4. TERMINAL
. MAXILLARY
.SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL

8. •ANTERIOR BRANCHES

9. SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY
• ORIGIN- It arises from the front of external
carotid artery below the tip of greater
cornua of hyoid bone
It passes deep into the three infrahyoid
muscles which are- omohyoid, sternohyoid
and sternothyroid and reaches the upper
lobe of thyroid.

10. LINGUAL ARTERY

11. LINGUAL ARTERY
• ORIGIN- The lingual artery arises from the external carotid artery opposite
the tip of greater cornua of hyoid bone.
BRANCHES-
DORSAL LINGUAL ARTERY- Supplies the posterior part of tongue.
SUBLINGUAL ARTERY- Supplies the sublingual gland.
DEEP LINGUAL ARTERY- Supplies the tip of the tongue

12. FACIAL ARTERY
• ORIGIN- Arises from the external
carotid just above the tip of the
greater cornua of hyoid bone.
COURSE-
-Runs upwards in neck as cervical
part and in the face as facial part.
-The course of artery in both the
places are tortuous.
-The tortuosity in neck allows free
movement of the pharynx during
deglutition.
-On face it allows free movement of
the mandible, lip and cheek during
mastication and various facial
expression.

13. BRANCHES OF FACIAL PART
• 1. Inferior labial- to lower lip
• 2. Superior labial- to the upper
lip and anteroinferior part of
nasal septum
3. Lateral nasal – to the ala and
dorsum of nose.
• 4. Angular Artery- medial corner
of eye

14. BRANCH OF CERVICAL PART
ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY- It supplies the tonsil and root of the tongue
TONSILLAR BRANCH- It supplies the palatine tonsil.
SUBMENTAL ARTERY- It supplies the submental triangle and sublingual
salivary gland.
GLANDULAR BRANCHES – Supply the submaxillary gland and lymph nodes

15. •POSTERIOR BRANCHES

16. OCCIPITAL ARTERY
• ORIGIN- Arises in carotid triangle from the posterior aspect of external
carotid artery, opposite the origin of facial artery.
• * In the carotid triangle the artery gives of two sternocleidomastoid
branches.
- the upper branch accompanies the accessory nerve
- the lower branch arises near the origin of occipital artery.
*In the superficial fascia of scalp it has a tortuous course.
Its branches in this region are-
1.MASTOID
2. MENINGEAL
3. MUSCULAR

17. POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY
• ORIGIN- It arises from the posterior
aspect of the external carotid artery
just above the posterior belly of
digastric.
*It supplies the back of the auricle,
the skin over the mastoid process
and over the back of scalp.

18. •MEDIAL BRANCH

19. ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY
• This the smallest branch that arises from the medial side of the external
carotid artery. It arises very close to the lower end of external carotid
artery.
- It runs vertically upwards between the side wall of pharynx, the tonsil,
medial wall of middle ear and the auditory tube.

20. •TERMINAL BRANCH

21. MAXILLARY ARTERY
• This the largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery.
• It has a wide territory of distribution and supplies-
1. `THE EXTERNAL AND MIDDLE EARS
2. THE DURA MATER
3. THE UPPER AND LOWER JAWS WITH THEIR TEETH
4. THE MUSCLES OF TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS
5. THE NOSE AND PARANASAL AIR SINUSES
6. THE PALATE
7. THE ROOF OF THE PHARYNX

22. COURSE
• The maxillary artery is
divided into three parts
• 1. The first part is the
MANDIBULAR PART.
• 2. The second part is the
PTERYGOID
3. The third part is the
PTERYGOPALATINE

23. BRANCHES OF THE FIRST PART (MANDIBULAR)
• 1. DEEP AURICULAR ARTERY
2. ANTERIOR TYMPANIC
3. MIDDLE MENINGEAL
4. ACCESSORY MENINGEAL
5. INFERIOR ALVEOLAR
• BRANCHES OF SECOND PART (PTERYGOID)
1. MASSETERIC
2. DEEP TEMPORAL
3. PTERYGOID
4. BUCCAL
BRANCHES OF THE THIRD PART (PTERYGOPALATINE)
1. POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR
2. INFRAORBITAL
3. GREATER PALATINE
4. PHARYNGEAL
5. ARTERY OF PTERYGOID CANAL
6. SPHENOPALATINE

25. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY
• 1. It is the smallest terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It
begins behind the neck of the mandible under cover of the parotid
gland.
2. It supplies-
- the temple
- the scalp
- the parotid gland
- the auricle
- the facial muscles
3. It also gives of transverse facial artery and middle temporal artery.

26. CLINICAL CONSIDERATION
• HEMATOMA:
-The effusion of blood into the extravascular spaces.
• CAUSE:
- Large hematoma may result from either arterial or venous puncture
following posterior superior alveolar or inferior alveolar nerve block.
MANAGEMENT-
IMMEDIATE- when swelling becomes evident during or immediately
following a local anesthesic injection direct pressure should be
applied. Pressure should be applied for not less than 2 minutes.

27. INFECTION OF MAXILLARY SINUS
• ODONTOGENIC SINUSITIS
• It is the inflammation of mucosa of any paranasal sinuses.
• CAUSES
- Infectious- bacterial, fungal, viral
-Non infectious- allergy
- Surgery or trauma
MANAGEMENT
1. Extraction of the offending teeth caries.
2. antimicrobials – macrolides- erythromycin, broad spectrum
antibiotics such as augmentin, amoxcillin

29. CONCLUSION
• The external carotid artery is a major artery of head and neck. It
arises from the common carotid artery it splits into external and
internal arteries. External carotid artery supplies blood to face as well
as neck.