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Materials and their uses 1
- 1. MATERIAL AND THEIR USES Arch. Eman M. Morsy
- 2. Sustainable or Green Design
- 4. Cradle to Cradle Extraction of Raw Materials Distribution Reuse/Recyclin USE g Transportation Manufacturing
- 5. Interior Environment Impact Interior Air Quality Asbestos is the name given to a group of naturally occurring minerals used in certain products, such as building materials and vehicle brakes, to resist heat and corrosion. Fire Risks Sick-Building Syndrome
- 6. Types of Materials Natural materials = unchanged • Trees are cut first into logs, then into boards, or lumber, of standardized forms and sizes. Processed materials = • Clay to brick or tile • Sand and small stones (aggregates) form concrete. • Wood sliced into thin sheets of veneer, and layers of veneer glued together to form plywood. Synthetic materials = do not exist in nature, such as glass or plastics • Glass made from sand and various other elements fused by heat.
- 7. Basic Materials Wood Masonry Metal Synthetics • Glass • Plastics • Manufactured products Hybrids and Miscellaneous • Woven fibers • Leather, cork, rubber • Rope, cord, netting • Paper • Hardboard; chalkboard, and tack-board • Ceiling tile
- 9. Structural Timber • This is turn limits timber building structure to a frame, that is, a cage of grid of long members put together with diagonal bracing members to form a sturdy structural supports for whatever wall and roofing material will be used. • added plywood and particleboard to the list of timber materials • both make economical use of wood. • Useful for sheathing walls, roofs, and floors.
- 11. Interior Use of Wood Softwood – wood from evergreen trees • Redwood-cypress • used in : out of doors -interior paneling Hardwood – wood from deciduous trees • Mahogany- Oak-walnut • used in : furniture - decorative applications
- 12. INTERIOR WOODS Plywood Veneer Widely used material, its made by bonding together a number of layers. Wood can be cut into very thin slices.
- 13. INTERIOR WOODS Particle Board Molded Plywood A sheet material made by pressing together wood chips and sawdust with an adhesive to make a board or panel. Layers of veneer are pressed between molds while being glued together to form plywood.
- 14. WOOD JOINTS
- 15. MASONRY Stone Brick The rough form of rubble or fieldstone. The oldest surviving buildings and ceremonial structures are all stones. Types of stones : granite – limestone – marble. Brick is a modular material made by firing special clays into units. Mortar is used to hold brick together.
- 16. MASONRY Concrete Block Tile (cement block) manufactured masonry material popular for its strength and low cost. Usually made hollow to save material and reduce weight. Is made in many forms: ceramic tiles with glazed surface in varied colors and patterns.
- 17. METALS Structural Iron began to replace masonry in many types of large buildings and was itself replaced by stronger steel ( iron alloyed with carbon). Toward the end of the nineteenth, it was recognized as the best material for the structural frames of tall buildings. Richard Rogers Center Georges Pompidou Monumental aspect in the city
- 18. METALS Interior Use Aluminum Wrought Iron Light weight and resistance to rusting. Used : architecture details-window frames – exterior wall cladding. Wrought iron is used for decorative railing.
- 19. METALS Interior Use Steel Many small elements such as doorframes, doors, windows sashes, and handrails.
- 20. GLASS Windows Shower Surround Mirror Decorative Glass