Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
It is all about sustainable buildings or green buildings and a brief study of some sustainable building materials we can use for making a building sustainable and green.
Understanding what sustainability means, the term, with respect to construction materials.
This is primarily relevant for India but is also informative for international scenarios,
Low cost housing refers to houses that are inexpensive to build. IT doesn't mean that the houses will be inexpensive to live in.
The goal of low-cost housing is to save money while also maintaining buildings quality.
Following Properties Reduces Cost of Construction:
Locally available materials .
Improved skills and technology.
Without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
It is all about sustainable buildings or green buildings and a brief study of some sustainable building materials we can use for making a building sustainable and green.
Understanding what sustainability means, the term, with respect to construction materials.
This is primarily relevant for India but is also informative for international scenarios,
Civil Engineering is racing up fast with new innovative building materials being made rapidly. From sealants to for better management of the construction process and efficiency. It also minimizes construction time along with adding durability factor. Usage of these innovative materials has adhesives, from wall solutions to roofing, It is getting environmental friendly as well as technological based with every invention, which is the need of the hour. Innovative building materials are imperative considerably reduced the exploitative use of concrete, wood and other traditional resources
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIESSamanth kumar
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES, M.ARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE) ANNA UNIVERSITY SECOND SEMESTEREnergy Efficient Construction Technology
➔ Filler Slab
➔ Rat trap Bond
➔ Technologies developed by CBRI
➔ Traditional Building Construction Technologies
➔ Concept of Resource rescue,
➔ Concept of Recycled content,
➔ Concept of Regional materials,
➔ Energy Efficiency
➔ Energy Conservation
➔ Recourse Consumption
➔ Distribution of Energy use in India
➔ Factors affecting the Energy use in Buildings
➔ Pre Building Stage, Construction Stage & Post Occupancy stages
➔ Concept of Embodied Energy
➔ Energy needs in Production of Materials
➔ Transportation Energy
➔ Concept of light footprint on Environment
Green building rating system equire an integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
This seminar was presented by me on 2008, Although the rating point changes on the past years, still the body contains many rich information and case studies related to green buildings and sustainable design.
ALTERNATE BUILDING MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES IN CONSTRUCTIONRajesh Kolli
Construction and civil engineering activities have experienced a rapid growth due to improvements in procurement of building materials.
However, the current scenario in the developing construction industry has posed many challenges due to some unsustainable aspects of the highly polluting and the exhaustive nature of building materials.
At the same time, it has also created opportunities for innovative and unconventional resources to emerge due to the widening gap in demand and supply of building materials, as well as the need for energy efficient and economical methods of construction.
Construction and demolition waste recyclingAnand Vallala
Now a days as the construction is increasing the demolition waste from the buildings is also increasing. We have to increase the usage of waste materials and to help for the future generation.
Construction activities generate millions of tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste materials each year. These materials contain a lot of reusable materials. If not properly managed, they will become wastes, a burden to the society, which will be extremely expensive to handle and will occupy precious landfill space.
Now even for small projects it has been made mandatory to use Ready mix concrete or compulsory use of Batching plant. However, except for large projects and some industrial projects, Demolition of structures is not yet mechanised. This waste is also affects the air, noise pollution in the form of releasing dust and noise respectively.
Recycling can turn the waste materials into usable products, which can help conserve our natural resources for our next generations and for the sustainable development of the society. In the recent years, C&D waste management issues have attracted the attention from researches around the world.
The ultimate aim is to create the awareness among the Civil Engineers is to do the research on this topic and to reuse these materials.
Main points of this PPT:
• An overview of the concept on Waste management.
• Brief description on “Recycled Concrete Aggregates”.
• Waste reduction and Reuse.
• Demolition techniques.
• Use of proper Waste Management plan.
Building materials and environmental impactadi5686
building materials have considerable impact on environment. so choosing the right material and knowledge about modern materials is equally important in modern day construction and technology
A study project on Low cost housing. The various construction techniques available for reduction of cost of a building are discussed. A study is also performed on the citizens of Vijayawada and the interpreted results are shown.
Civil Engineering is racing up fast with new innovative building materials being made rapidly. From sealants to for better management of the construction process and efficiency. It also minimizes construction time along with adding durability factor. Usage of these innovative materials has adhesives, from wall solutions to roofing, It is getting environmental friendly as well as technological based with every invention, which is the need of the hour. Innovative building materials are imperative considerably reduced the exploitative use of concrete, wood and other traditional resources
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIESSamanth kumar
SUSTAINABLE, ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES, M.ARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHITECTURE) ANNA UNIVERSITY SECOND SEMESTEREnergy Efficient Construction Technology
➔ Filler Slab
➔ Rat trap Bond
➔ Technologies developed by CBRI
➔ Traditional Building Construction Technologies
➔ Concept of Resource rescue,
➔ Concept of Recycled content,
➔ Concept of Regional materials,
➔ Energy Efficiency
➔ Energy Conservation
➔ Recourse Consumption
➔ Distribution of Energy use in India
➔ Factors affecting the Energy use in Buildings
➔ Pre Building Stage, Construction Stage & Post Occupancy stages
➔ Concept of Embodied Energy
➔ Energy needs in Production of Materials
➔ Transportation Energy
➔ Concept of light footprint on Environment
Green building rating system equire an integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
This seminar was presented by me on 2008, Although the rating point changes on the past years, still the body contains many rich information and case studies related to green buildings and sustainable design.
ALTERNATE BUILDING MATERIALS & TECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVES IN CONSTRUCTIONRajesh Kolli
Construction and civil engineering activities have experienced a rapid growth due to improvements in procurement of building materials.
However, the current scenario in the developing construction industry has posed many challenges due to some unsustainable aspects of the highly polluting and the exhaustive nature of building materials.
At the same time, it has also created opportunities for innovative and unconventional resources to emerge due to the widening gap in demand and supply of building materials, as well as the need for energy efficient and economical methods of construction.
Construction and demolition waste recyclingAnand Vallala
Now a days as the construction is increasing the demolition waste from the buildings is also increasing. We have to increase the usage of waste materials and to help for the future generation.
Construction activities generate millions of tonnes of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste materials each year. These materials contain a lot of reusable materials. If not properly managed, they will become wastes, a burden to the society, which will be extremely expensive to handle and will occupy precious landfill space.
Now even for small projects it has been made mandatory to use Ready mix concrete or compulsory use of Batching plant. However, except for large projects and some industrial projects, Demolition of structures is not yet mechanised. This waste is also affects the air, noise pollution in the form of releasing dust and noise respectively.
Recycling can turn the waste materials into usable products, which can help conserve our natural resources for our next generations and for the sustainable development of the society. In the recent years, C&D waste management issues have attracted the attention from researches around the world.
The ultimate aim is to create the awareness among the Civil Engineers is to do the research on this topic and to reuse these materials.
Main points of this PPT:
• An overview of the concept on Waste management.
• Brief description on “Recycled Concrete Aggregates”.
• Waste reduction and Reuse.
• Demolition techniques.
• Use of proper Waste Management plan.
Building materials and environmental impactadi5686
building materials have considerable impact on environment. so choosing the right material and knowledge about modern materials is equally important in modern day construction and technology
A study project on Low cost housing. The various construction techniques available for reduction of cost of a building are discussed. A study is also performed on the citizens of Vijayawada and the interpreted results are shown.
Future Trends - Recycling - Demolished Construction MaterialsBruce LaCour
This transition where many essentials become less abundant and more expensive won’t be accepted as permanent by many; however, those that make the transition swiftly will quickly move to many areas of recycling. These will be some of the business survivors I have referred to in earlier articles. One of the biggest recycling movements will be deconstruction and using recovered materials for different uses.
These alternate building materials can be used when it meets the respective specifications in the code of practice. Here some new materials and technology is discussed as well and a list many alternate materials for foundation, roof and walls are presented with details of each.
alternative building materials for houses
alternative building materials and methods
alternative home construction materials
alternative construction materials
alternative brick building materials
wood alternative materials
alternative building products
wood alternatives for construction
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
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Latest Contemporary Construction Techniques and Materialsanishanaidu13
Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you.
Latest building materials and technologies being used in development of hitech buildings in contemporary architecture of cities today
A Documentation on Construction and Demolition wasteRohanDas52
Despite being an ancient activity, the management of waste produced in construction activities
did not get much attention until the last decade. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is not
subjected to management practices as with municipal solid waste (MSW), perhaps due to the
higher toxicity of the latter as compared with the former. Recently, rapid urban expansion,
stringent environmental regulations, and the scarcity of land filling areas as well as the natural
resources over-exploitation led to the need of using CDW as aggregate for construction purposes.
CDW contains significant amounts of inert materials whose properties are being investigated and
which have been recognized for use as aggregate, although significant differences exist when
compared to conventional natural aggregates (NA). The use of recycled concrete waste-based
aggregates in new concrete is a way of maximizing the economic benefits of CDW and, even
though it has been the subject of study for a long time, opinions are still not consensual. As
expected, concrete made with recycled aggregates (RA) has different characteristics from those
of conventional concrete, and these differences are strongly dependent on the type and quality of
the aggregates used.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
3. Introduction:
Demolition sites & restoration schemes are large amounts of solid waste.
Recycling of concrete & other building materials is difficult &
uneconomical.
It is possible to reuse most of the building materials & components.
As the volume of demolition waste is huge allowing the waste to be
crushed, processed, & reused as aggregate in building works.
The recycling of construction materials like concrete, timber , glass, &
steel is primarily an attempt to reduce the cost of production of new
materials & construction & also reduce the consumption of natural
resources.
4. WHAT IS C & D WASTE?
Renovation
40%
Demolition
50%
New Construction
10%
• Construction waste recycling is the separation and recycling of
recoverable waste materials generated during construction and
remodeling.
• Construction by nature is not an eco-friendly activity.
5. WHAT DOES C & D WASTE
CONSISTS OF?
Concrete
Brick
Timber
Sanitary ware
Glass
Steel
plastics
6. Construction and demolition wastes are one of the largest waste
streams in the country.
Almost all job site wastes are recyclable.
It costs less – usually much less – to recycle job site wastes than
to throw them away.
This C&D waste stream is enormous: about 130 million tons per
year, or about 25% of all of the solid waste that is discarded in
India.
In total, from almost any job site, 90% to 95% of all waste
materials can be recycled.
The civil construction consume around 2/3 of natural wood of
our forests(66 % wood).
Construction, renovation and demolition activities leads to the
formation of waste.
7. Objectives
• To reduce landfill of
wastes
• Recover over 75% of the
material generated from a
construction project
• Majority of the volume to a
facility are “Mixed C&D
Loads”
• Minority of the volume is
pre-sorted.
8. NEED FOR ADOPTION OF PROPER
METHODS OF RECYCLING
a)It reduces the demand up on new resources.
b)Cuts down the cost and effort of transport and
production.
c)Use waste which would otherwise be lost to
landfill sites.
9. Construction and
Demolition Wastes
Wood
Used for Animal Bedding, Mulch,
Diesel Fuel, Electrical Power Plants and
Particle Board
Bricks, Concrete and Other Masonry
Products
Crushed and used for Fill, New
Roads, Under lament for Concrete
Applications
Metals (Ferrous and Non-Ferrous)
Melted into New Products
Roofing Shingles
Asphalt Roads
Cardboard
Processed used New Cardboard
Products
Plastic
Made into bottles, floor tile, paneling,
plastic lumber, etc.
10. Management of General
Construction and Demolition Wastes
• Transfer, storage, treatment
facilities for C&D
• Sort material within 48 hours
• Non-recyclables disposed
within 72 hours
• Limit non-recyclables to 25%
• No hazardous waste accepted
REDUCE LANDFILLREUSE RECYCLE
15. Paper And Corrugated Cardboard
Paper and cardboard comprise approximately 37% construction
and demolition wastes by volume. It usually attracts recyclers to
reprocess them as new paper product by purification.
Cardboard returned to market as box board
16. Metals
• Mature Markets For Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
Metals
– Both markets are operating at high rates
– C&D industry is helping to meet the world
needs for metal
17. Ferrous Metal
It is by far the most profitable
and recyclable material.
In India more than 80% scrap
arising is recycled. Scrap steel is
almost totally recycled and
allowed repeated recycling. 100%
steel can be recycled to avoid
wastage at construction site.
18. Non Ferrous Metal
The main non ferrous metal collected from construction and
demolition sites are aluminum, copper, lead and zinc .
In India aluminum usage is up to 95000 tones with about 70%
recycled in 2004. Copper is recycled up to 119000 tones out of a
national market of 262000 tones.
Masonry
Masonry is normally crushed as recycled masonry aggregate.
A special application of recycled masonry aggregate is to use it
as thermal insulating concrete.
Another potential application for recycled masonry aggregate
is to use it as aggregate in traditional clay bricks.
19. Plastic
• Emerging Market
PET & HDPE
PVC
• The plastic wastes are best
possible for recycling if
these materials are collected
separately and cleaned.
Recycling is difficult if
plastic wastes are mixed with
other plastics or
contaminants.
• Plastic recycled and used in
products specifically
designed for the utilization of
recycled plastic, such as
street furniture, roof and
floor, PVC window noise
barrier, cable ducting, panel.
21. Wood Recycling
• Whole timber arising from construction and demolition works
can be utilized easily and directly for reused in other
construction projects after cleaning, denailing and sizing.
• Mulch
– C&D wood is used to create colored mulch.
– Less moisture in C&D wood allows for minimum coloring.
– C&D mulch last longer and does not decompose as fast.
• Animal Bedding
– C&D wood is an excellent source for making bedding.
• Wood Products
• Reprocessing of wood into other products (Pressboard).
• C&D wood has 80% the BTU value as coal.
• Fuel to energy is a very stable market for C&D wood.
• Most wood from Illinois, converted to energy, is done through
plants outside of Illinois.
23. Gypsum Wallboard
Remove and recycle gypsum drywall. Markets
include new drywall manufacture, cement
manufacture, and agriculture. Unused drywall can
be returned to a supplier, donated, or sold.
24. Buildings
Reuse large portions of existing structures during renovation or
redevelopment. Extending the life cycle of existing building stock will
conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste, and
reduce environmental impacts of new buildings.
25. Metals
Common metals include steel, aluminum, and copper. Metals are
melted down and reformed into metal products.
26. Concrete
It is crushed, the
reinforcement bar is
removed, and the
material is screened
for size. Market
outlets for recycled
concrete include road
base, general
fill, pavement
aggregate, and
drainage media.
27. Brick
Recycle clean brick by crushing material. Market outlets
for recycled brick include aggregate, drainage media,
and general fill.
29. CONCRETE:
oConcrete is one of the most important construction material.
oApproximately one ton of concrete is used per capita per yearthrough
out the world.
o Recycling of concrete reduces
•
•
•
•
•
Cost of aggregates
Disposal costs
Environmental damage
Consumption of natural resources &
Valuable landfill space
o Recycled coarse aggregates may be more durable than virgin material.
o It can also be used in residential construction
30. BRICK:
oBroken & discarded brick can be used as
construction infill or as aggregate for non-structural
concrete.
oBrick that are part of demolish rubble can be
crushed and used in the same way.
o Brick masonry rubble contains mortar upto
20% by volume.
oCrushed brick & roofing tiles are the bulk of
demolition waste which were earlier being dumped
in landfills, but now they can be recycled into mortar
plaster & building blocks.
31. TIMBER:
oIt is mostly crushed into chip & used as fuel.
oIt can also be utilized to manufacture wood-chip
concrete by injecting cement grout into voids of
compacted wood-chips in moulds.
o Wood-chip concrete can be used as building
material.
o This chip can be sawn & nailed as well.
o In Japan alone about 12 million cubic meters
of used timber from demolished houses are used.
32. SANITARY WARE:
r)
d
o Sanitary ware includes tiles also.
o There can be reused as it is, if they are not
damaged.
oIf sanitary ware are chipped (or) cracked(o
otherwise damaged are advised to crush and
use them as construction infill (or) as filler in
concrete.
o Pozzolanic value of such crushed & powdere
sanitary ware, is a desirable property in
concrete mixes.
33. GLASS:
o One ton of recycled waste glass corresponds
to savings in energy equivalent to 125lit of fuel
oil & 1.2tons of raw materials.
o Recycling of glass reduces non-biodegradable
glass out of landfills.
oGlass can be used as substitute for Quartz &
Feldspar in the manufacturing of high strength
procelain sanitary ware.
o It can also be used to make mineral wool- an insulation product &in
granular form as part of the aggregate in concrete mixes.
o In USA an experiment was conducted on metal free-glassconstituents
separated from municipal incinerator residue. This glass was used to
produce brick, glass-wool thermal insulation & as a major component
of a light weight aggregate used in structuralconcrete.
34. STEEL:
oSteel is most commonly used metal in the world.
oSteel reinforcement from demolished concrete
is usually separated from the rubble on site &
sold scrap to recycling plants.
oThe world produces over 783 million tons of
raw steel. It currently recycles over 320 million
tons of iron & steel every year.
o Scrap metal can yield energy savings of upto 76% .
o In Europe steel is most recycled .
35. BENEFITS
• Reduces the production of greenhouse
gas emissions and other pollutants by
reducing the need to extract raw
materials and ship new materials long
distances.
• Conserves landfill space, reduces the
need for new landfills and their
associated cost.
36. • Saves energy and reduces the
environmental impact of producing new
materials.
• Creates employment opportunities and
economic activities in recycling
industries.
• Saves money
37. BARRIERS IN PROMOTING USE OF
RECYCLED MATERIALS
• Lack of appropriately located recycling
facilities.
• Absence of appropriate technology.
• Lack of awareness .
• Poor source separation practices at job
sites
38. CONCLUSION
In order to reduce the construction and demolition waste, during the
time of construction order only the correct amount of raw materials.
Proper care should be taken to ensure the protection of materials
being delivered and stored in the site.
When a structure is being demolished, salvage as much of the more
valuable fittings and materials as possible.
Any suitable substitute for aggregate should be considered during the
construction. It is the duty of an engineer to revaluate technical
specification for materials where strength and safety do not have to be
compromised to permit the use of recycled materials.
As sorting and recycling facilities become more wide spread and
better developed it will be easier to redirect our waste from landfill.
39. The important initiatives sited are::
1. Promoting separation of C&D waste at source
2. Promoting recycling
3. Ban on llandffilling of C&D waste
4. Developing market for recycled products
5. Production of concrete bricks and paving blocks
6. Guidelines for using C&D waste
7. Developing designs which ffacilitate
‘deconstruction’’ iinstead of outright demolition