Maslow's theory of hierarcy of needs with Criticism
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review. This will be helpful for the students who are studying Organizational Behavior.
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Maslow's theory of hierarcy of needs with Criticism
- 1. Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs PRESENTED BY- THE LEFTOVERS
- 3. Motivation The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Key Elements 1. Intensity: how hard a person tries 2. Direction: toward beneficial goal 3. Persistence: how long a person tries
- 4. Needs Something that is necessary for an organism to live a healthy life Deficiency would cause a clear negative outcome - deficiency or death Can be Objective/Physical or Subjective Objective needs - food, shelter, sleep Subjective needs – affection, acceptance, self-esteem
- 5. Ten Fundamental Human Needs Protection Idleness Creation Understanding Participation Identityfreedom transcendence subsistence affection
- 6. The needs - Meaning Need Meaning (having things) subsistence food, shelter, work protection social security, health systems, work affection friendships, family, relationships with nature understanding literature, teachers, policies, educational participation responsibilities, duties, work, rights leisure games, parties, peace of mind creation abilities, skills, work, techniques identity language, religions, work, customs, values, norms freedom equal rights
- 7. Abraham Maslow Professor of Psychology Original thinker Predecessors focused on the abnormal and the ill Maslow focused on positive qualities of people
- 8. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Proposed in his paper – A Theory of Human Motivation, in 1943 Focuses on describing the stages of growth in humans He studied on exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, etc, rather than mentally crippled or mentally ill
- 9. The Hierarchal Model Being Need Deficit Needs
- 10. Physiological Needs Mostly, literal requirements for human survival If not met, the human body cannot function Metabolic needs – air, water, food, rest Clothing, shelter – needed by even animals Could be classified as basic animal needs
- 12. Safety Needs Once physical needs are met, safety needs take over Personal including emotional Health and well-being Financial, job security Safety of property against natural disasters, calamities, wars, etc Law & order
- 13. Safety Needs
- 14. Social Needs Need to love and be loved Need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance Small groups – clubs, office teams, school/college houses Large groups – political parties, Sports teams, facebook
- 15. Social Needs
- 16. Esteem Needs Need to be respected by others and in turn respect them Sense of contribution, to feel self-valued, in profession or hobby Lower - respect of others, the need for status, recognition, fame, prestige, and attention Higher - self-respect, the need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence and freedom
- 17. Esteem Needs
- 18. Self Actualization Needs What a man can be, he must be Intrinsic growth of what is already in a person Growth-motivated rather than deficiency-motivated Cannot normally be reached until other lower order needs are met Rarely happens - < 1% Acceptance of facts, spontaneous, focused on problems outside self, without prejudice
- 20. Maslow’s Theory in Marketing/Advertising PN - wife/child-abuse help-lines, social security benefits, Samaritans, roadside recovery. SN- home security products, insurance, life assurance, schools. EN- cosmetics, fast cars, home improvements, furniture, fashion clothes, drinks, lifestyle products and services.
- 21. Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The needs may not follow a definite hierarchical order. For example, even if safety need is not satisfied, the social need may emerge. The need priority model may not apply at all times in all places. The level of motivation may be permanently lower for some people. For example, a person suffering from chronic unemployment may remain satisfied for the rest of his life if only he get enough food.
- 22. Criticisms of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Pamela B Rutledge while criticizing Maslow’s theory told, “None of these needs — starting with basic survival are possible without social connection and collaboration. Without collaboration, there is no survival. It was not possible to defeat a Woolley Mammoth, build a secure structure, or care for children while hunting without a team effort. It’s more true now than then. (Pamela B Rutledge(Phd) is a famous physiologist) Other criticisms of Maslow's theory note that his definition of self- actualization is difficult to test scientifically.
- 23. Conclusion The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly.