Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Handling is very important if fishing activity from catching to deliver it at consumer level. In this assignment i tried to give some appropriate information about good handling practice in fisheries
A fish aggregating device is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi. They usually consist of buoys or floats tethered to the ocean floor with concrete blocks. FADs attract fish for numerous reasons that vary by species.
Fisheries aggregating devices (FADs) are human-made structures anchored offshore that attract fish, making them easier to catch so you can have a great fishing experience.
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes such as the Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake. The fishes belong to the most numerous and diversified group among vertebrates. They dominate the water bodies of the world through a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. They have been in existence for more than 450 million years. A total of 24618 species of fishes belonging to 482 families and 4258 genera have so far been described. About 58% of the fish species are marine while 41% are freshwater inhabitants and 1% migrants. In our Indian region alone, there are 2,500 species of which 930 are inhabitants of freshwater and the rest live in the seas. In other words, India harbours 11.5% of the fish fauna so far known in the world. There are over 800 living species of sharks and rays, 30 species of chimaeras and ratfishes, 6 species of lung fishes, 1 species of coelacanths, 36 species of long ray finned bichirs, sturgeons and paddlefishes. The Neopterygii are the rest of the known species of modem fishes. All these fishes inhabit various niches in the aquatic environment. The diversified habitats of fishes include open oceans, deep oceanic trenches, nearshore waters, saline coastal embayments, brackishwaters, estuaries, intermittent streams, tiny desert springs, vernal pools, cold mountain streams, lakes, ponds, etc.
Handling is very important if fishing activity from catching to deliver it at consumer level. In this assignment i tried to give some appropriate information about good handling practice in fisheries
A fish aggregating device is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi. They usually consist of buoys or floats tethered to the ocean floor with concrete blocks. FADs attract fish for numerous reasons that vary by species.
Fisheries aggregating devices (FADs) are human-made structures anchored offshore that attract fish, making them easier to catch so you can have a great fishing experience.
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
At what age does a fish attain a maturity
What is the perfect catchable or mark able size of the fish
It helps to calculate the life span and longevity of fish
It enables to estimate and compare growth rates of fish in different waters.
Good or bad growth can point out the suitability for rearing and stocking purposes
The timing of spawning migration of given species can be worked out .
Traditional fishing Craft of India by Ashish sahuAshish sahu
Fishing crafts are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies. A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India. The types of fishing crafts of India falls under two general categories. These are Non –mechanized and mechanized fishing crafts.
Based on the topographical variations and difference in habits and habitats of fishing, different types of crafts and gears are used in various inland water system of India. The simplest and most primitive types of craft used for fishing in inland water are the rafts and songas, operated in calm water. In the larger rivers and estuaries subject to strong current and tidal movement, sturdier plank boats are used.
Definition
Fishing vessel is a floating device used for fishing activities like, fishing, fish transportation, Research and training purpose.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Trawl nets and bottom seines possess an initial selectiveness owing to their particular design and mode of operation. A mesh size limitation would vary considerably in effect from one type of trawl net to another. It is important therefore to consider gear selectivity and performance before we begin to think of mesh sizes and their effect.
Take a herring vinge trawl for example and two other bottom other trawls like the granton trawl and the shrimp trawl. All use otter boards, all are on the sea bed throughout the duration of the tow and all have the same basic structure of wings, square, bellies, bag and cod end. But their performances differ as much as those of a racing car, a truck and a tractor. All three nets could be fishing in the same area, yet the vinge trawl might take only herring, the granton trawl only demersal fish and the shrimp trawl primarily shrimp or prawn. Mesh size has little to do with this species selection. It is a function of other aspects of gear performance - speed of tow, headline height, ground contact, flow of water through the body of the net, otter door spread, length of ground-cables, and so on. The vinge trawl would have the smallest mesh in the cod end, yet it would take no cod, haddock or shrimp. The shrimp or prawn trawl would have a smaller mesh than the granton trawl yet it would capture only a small proportion of the bigger fish the granton trawl would take. To imagine that in these cases the size of mesh controls the size of fish caught would be as simplistic as to think that the respective speeds of the racing car, truck and tractor were determined by the size of their wheels.
In contrast to the trawls designed to capture one species or group of species, there are the multi-species trawls or combination trawls which take a great variety of fish. The North Sea prawn and fish trawl is a combination net designed to capture Nephrops norvegicus or Norway prawns, plus demersal fish like cod, haddock, skate, monks, plaice and lemon sole. Most bottom trawls in the tropics and sub-tropics are multi-species trawls taking fish which vary greatly from each other in size and shape. There is no common selectivity factor and no common minimum size or length for the various species. For these fisheries, a mesh regulation is at best an inadequate means of reducing juvenile mortality. It can be aimed only at the smallest of the main commercial species.
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
At what age does a fish attain a maturity
What is the perfect catchable or mark able size of the fish
It helps to calculate the life span and longevity of fish
It enables to estimate and compare growth rates of fish in different waters.
Good or bad growth can point out the suitability for rearing and stocking purposes
The timing of spawning migration of given species can be worked out .
Traditional fishing Craft of India by Ashish sahuAshish sahu
Fishing crafts are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies. A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India. The types of fishing crafts of India falls under two general categories. These are Non –mechanized and mechanized fishing crafts.
Based on the topographical variations and difference in habits and habitats of fishing, different types of crafts and gears are used in various inland water system of India. The simplest and most primitive types of craft used for fishing in inland water are the rafts and songas, operated in calm water. In the larger rivers and estuaries subject to strong current and tidal movement, sturdier plank boats are used.
Definition
Fishing vessel is a floating device used for fishing activities like, fishing, fish transportation, Research and training purpose.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Full details at http://www.victoria.ac.nz/chaplains/whatson/do-something-fish.html
A Human FM-sponsored DO SOMETHING! event at the VUW Anglican Chaplaincy.
www.dosomething.org.nz
The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act is the primary law governing marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters.
First passed in 1976, the MSA fosters long-term biological and economic sustainability of our nation’s marine fisheries. Key objectives of the MSA are to:
Prevent overfishing.
Rebuild overfished stocks.
Increase long-term economic and social benefits.
Ensure a safe and sustainable supply of seafood.
How the International Community can support small-scale fisheries through ach...FAO
http://www.fao.org/in-action/globefish
The oceans provide livelihoods for millions of people. Small-scale fisheries (SSF) play key livelihood functions and are integral to value chains, post-harvest and trade activities. Thus, when developing policies concerning conservation, sustainable use of marine resources and greater market access, integrating SSF considerations will lead to a more enabling environment for global sustainable development.
Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
The Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, commonly referred to as the Magnuson–Stevens Act, is the legal provision for promoting optimal exploitation of U.S. coastal fisheries. Enacted in 1976, it has since been amended in line with sustainability policy.
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the PacificSimon Funge-Smith
Introduction to illegal fishing in Asia and the Pacific.
The 9th Asia Regional Partners’ Forum on Combating Environmental Crime (ARPEC)
22-23 June 2010, United Nations Conference Center (UNCC), Bangkok, Thailand
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
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At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
2. CCRF- Its Origin
• FAO Committee of Fisheries meeting 1991: call for more
responsible practice, better management
• 1992 Cancún, International Conference on Responsible Fishing
called on FAO to prepare a Code of Conduct
• Technical Consultations 1992-1995 lead to adoption of CCRF
by FAO Conference Member Governments
3. INTRODUCTION
FISHERIES PROVIDE –
• A VITAL SOURCE OF FOOD, EMPLOYMENT, RECREATION, TRADE AND ECONOMIC
WELL BEING BOTH FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS AND SHOULD
THEREFORE BE CONDUCTED IN A RESPONSIBLE MANNER.
THE CCRF IS AN INTERNALLY ACCEPTED SET OF RULES THAT SETS-
• PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOUR FOR
RESPONSIBLE PRACTICES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT
AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES.
• RECOGNISES THE NUTRITIONAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
CULTURAL IMPORTANCE OF FISHERIES, AND THE INTERESTS OF ALL THOSE
CONCERNED WITH THE FISHERY SECTOR.
• TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESOURCES
AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND THE INTERESTS OF CONSUMERS AND OTHER
USERS.
4. Nature and Scope of CCRF
• THIS CODE IS VOLUNTARY- HOWEVER, CERTAIN PARTS OF IT ARE BASED ON RELEVANT
RULES OF INTERNATIONAL LA W, INCLUDING THOSE REFLECTED IN THE UNITED NATIONS
CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA OF 10 DECEMBER 1982.
• THE CODE IS GLOBAL IN SCOPE- AND IS DIRECTED TOWARD MEMBERS AND NON-
MEMBERS OF FAO, FISHING ENTITIES, SUB-REGIONAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL
ORGANIZATIONS, BOTH GOVERNMENTAL & NON-GOVERNMENTAL, AND ALL PERSONS CONCERNED
WITH THE CONSERVATION , MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES, INCLUDING
FISHERMEN.
• THE CODE PROVIDES PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO THE
CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALL FISHERIES. (COVERS
CAPTURE, PROCESSING AND TRADE OF FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS, FISHING
OPERATIONS, AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES RESEARCH AND THE INTEGRATION OF FISHERIES INTO
COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT).
• IN THIS CODE, THE REFERENCE TO STATES INCLUDES THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITY IN MATTERS WITHIN ITS COMPETENCE, AND THE TERM FISHERIES
APPLIES EQUALLY TO CAPTURE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE.
5. OBJECTIVE of the Code
THERE ARE 10 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES-
• ESTABLISH PRINCIPLES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RELEVANT RULES OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW, FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHING AND FISHERIES ACTIVITIES, TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT ALL THE RELEVANT
BIOLOGICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND COMMERCIAL ASPECTS.
• ESTABLISH PRINCIPLES AND CRITERIA FOR THE ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
OF NATIONAL POLICIES FOR RESPONSIBLE CONSERVATION OF FISHERIES RESOURCES AND
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT.
• SERVE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF REFERENCE TO HELP STATES TO ESTABLISH OR TO IMPROVE
THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK REQUIRED FOR THE EXERCISE OF RESPONSIBLE
FISHERIES AND IN THE FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE MEASURES.
• PROVIDE GUIDANCE WHICH MAY BE USED WHERE APPROPRIATE IN THE FORMULATION
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND OTHER LEGAL INSTRUMENTS, BOTH
BINDING AND VOLUNTARY.
• FACILITATE AND PROMOTE TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND OTHER COOPERATION IN
CONSERVATION OF FISHERIES RESOURCES AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT;
6. Objectives Contd….
• PROMOTE THE CONTRIBUTION OF FISHERIES TO FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD
QUALITY, GIVING PRIORITY TO THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES.
• PROMOTE PROTECTION OF LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS AND
COASTAL AREAS
• PROMOTE THE TRADE OF FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS IN CONFORMITY WITH RELEVANT
INTERNATIONAL RULES AND AVOID THE USE OF MEASURES THAT CONSTITUTE HIDDEN BARRIERS
TO SUCH TRADE.
• PROMOTE RESEARCH ON FISHERIES AS WELL AS ON ASSOCIATED ECOSYSTEMS AND RELEVANT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.
• PROVIDE STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR ALL PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE FISHERIES
SECTOR.
7. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING
& UPDATING of the Code
WHO IMPLEMENTS THE CODE?
ALL MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS OF FAO, FISHING ENTITIES AND RELEVANT SUB-
REGIONAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND ALL PERSONS CONCERNED WITH
THE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF FISHERIES
WHO MONITORS THE WORKING OF THE CODE?
FAO WILL MONITOR THE APPLICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE AND ITS
EFFECTS ON FISHERIES
WHO UPDATES AND ISSUES FURTHER REFORMS OF THE CODE?
FAO, THROUGH ITS COMPETENT BODIES, MAY REVISE AND UPDATE THE CODE, TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT DEVELOPMENTS IN FISHERIES AND SUGGESTION FROM COFI (COMMITTEE
ON FISHERIES)
8. GENERAL PRINCIPLES of the
CODE
There are total of 19 Principles and Provisions of CCRF-
Conservation of Aquatic resources- States and users of living aquatic
resources should conserve aquatic ecosystems. The right to fish carries with it the
obligation to do so in a responsible manner so as to ensure effective conservation
and management of the living aquatic resources.
Promote Sustainable Development-Fisheries management should
promote the maintenance of the quality, diversity and availability of fishery resources
in sufficient quantities for present and future generations in the context of food
security, poverty alleviation and sustainable development.
9. Principles Contd….
Prevention of Overfishing- States should prevent overfishing and excess
fishing capacity and should implement management measures to ensure that fishing
effort is commensurate with the productive capacity of the fishery resources and their
sustainable utilization.
Conservation and management decisions for fisheries should be based on-
• The best scientific evidence available.
• Traditional knowledge of the resources and their habitat.
• Relevant environmental, economic and social factors.
10. Principles Contd....
Application of precautionary approach in the states, regional and sub-
regional fisheries management organizations to conserve, manage and carefully
exploit living aquatic resources to so as to protect them and preserve the aquatic
environment.
Selective and environmentally safe fishing gear and practices should be
further developed and applied in order to maintain biodiversity, to conserve the
population structure, aquatic ecosystems and protect fish quality.
The harvesting, handling, processing and distribution of fish and
fishery products should be carried out properly, so as to maintain the
nutritional value, quality and safety of the products, reduce waste and minimize
negative impacts on the environment.
11. Principles Contd….
Protection of Critical Fisheries Habitats- All critical fisheries
habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, reefs, lagoons, nursery and
spawning areas, should be protected and rehabilitated as far as possible
and where necessary.
Integration of Fisheries into CRZ- States should ensure that their
fisheries interests, including the need for conservation are taken into
account and are integrated into coastal area management, planning and
development
Monitoring of Fishing Vessels- States should ensure compliance and
enforce conservation and management measures and establish effective
mechanisms, to monitor and control the activities of fishing vessels and
fishing support vessels.
12. Principles Contd….
States authorizing fishing should exercise effective control over the fishing
vessels, bearing their flag, so as to ensure the proper application of this Code.
States should cooperate at sub-regional, regional and global levels to-
• promote conservation and management,
• ensure responsible fishing and ensure effective conservation and
• protection of living aquatic resources, throughout their range of
distribution.
States should promote awareness of responsible fisheries through
education and training of fishermen and fish-farmers.
13. Principles Contd…
Proper Law making processes- States should, to the extent permitted
by national laws and regulations, ensure that decision making processes are
transparent and achieve timely solutions to urgent matters.
• Furthermore they should facilitate participation of Industry, Fishermen, and
other interested organizations in the actual law making and policies related
fisheries mgmt.
Abiding International Trade rules- International trade in fish and
fishery products should be conducted in accordance with the
principles, rights and obligations established in the World Trade
Organization (WTO) Agreement and other relevant international
agreements.
Prevention of Disputes- States should cooperate in order to prevent
disputes. All disputes relating to fishing activities and practices should be
resolved in a timely, peaceful and cooperative manner, in accordance with
applicable international agreements or as may otherwise be agreed between
the parties.
14. Principles Contd…
Safe and Secure Fisheries and Fishing- States should ensure that
fishing facilities, equipment and all fisheries activities allow for safe, healthy
and fair working and living conditions and meet internationally agreed
standards adopted by relevant international organizations.
Protection of livelihoods of traditional fishermen- States should
protect the rights of fishers and fishworkers, particularly those engaged in
subsistence, small-scale and artisanal fisheries, to a secure and just
livelihood, as well as give them preferential access, where
appropriate, under their national jurisdiction.
Promotion of Aquaculture- States should consider
aquaculture, including culture-based fisheries, as a means to promote
diversification of income and diet.
15. CCRF and Fisheries Management
• Aspects of CCRF in Fisheries Management can be broadly
categorized into-
Management Objectives
Precautionary approach
Management measures & Implementation
16. Management Objectives
• Recognizing that long-term sustainable use of fisheries resources
is the overriding objective of conservation and management.
• Avoiding overfishing and exploitation of the stocks remains
economically viable.
• Conservation and protection of biodiversity of aquatic habitats
and ecosystems and endangered species.
• Allowing depleted stocks to recover or, are actively restored.
• The interests of fishermen, including those engaged in
subsistence, small-scale and artisanal fisheries, are taken into
account.
17. • Minimizing the effects of pollution, waste, discards, catch by lost
or abandoned gear, catch of non-target species of both fish and
non- fish species, and impacts on associated or dependent
species.
• States should assess the impacts of environmental factors on
target stocks and species belonging to the same ecosystem or the
by-catch species
18. Special Provisions for Developing Countries
• In order to achieve the objectives of this Code and to support its
effective implementation, countries, relevant international
organizations, and financial institutions should work for the
adoption of measures to address the needs of developing
countries, in the areas of-
Financial and technical assistance
Technology transfer
Training and scientific cooperation
Ability to develop their own fisheries
Participate in high seas fisheries, including access to
such fisheries.