The document discusses the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It originated from calls at FAO meetings in the early 1990s for more responsible fishing practices and management. The CCRF was finalized after international consultations from 1992-1995. It sets out voluntary principles and international standards for sustainable fishing. The CCRF aims to ensure effective conservation, management and development of living aquatic resources while also recognizing the nutritional, economic and cultural importance of fisheries.

1. Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries
BY- SASWATA MAITRA

2. CCRF- Its Origin
• FAO Committee of Fisheries meeting 1991: call for more
responsible practice, better management
• 1992 Cancún, International Conference on Responsible Fishing
called on FAO to prepare a Code of Conduct
• Technical Consultations 1992-1995 lead to adoption of CCRF
by FAO Conference Member Governments

3. INTRODUCTION
FISHERIES PROVIDE –
• A VITAL SOURCE OF FOOD, EMPLOYMENT, RECREATION, TRADE AND ECONOMIC
WELL BEING BOTH FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS AND SHOULD
THEREFORE BE CONDUCTED IN A RESPONSIBLE MANNER.
THE CCRF IS AN INTERNALLY ACCEPTED SET OF RULES THAT SETS-
• PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOUR FOR
RESPONSIBLE PRACTICES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT
AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES.
• RECOGNISES THE NUTRITIONAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND
CULTURAL IMPORTANCE OF FISHERIES, AND THE INTERESTS OF ALL THOSE
CONCERNED WITH THE FISHERY SECTOR.
• TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESOURCES
AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND THE INTERESTS OF CONSUMERS AND OTHER
USERS.

4. Nature and Scope of CCRF
• THIS CODE IS VOLUNTARY- HOWEVER, CERTAIN PARTS OF IT ARE BASED ON RELEVANT
RULES OF INTERNATIONAL LA W, INCLUDING THOSE REFLECTED IN THE UNITED NATIONS
CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA OF 10 DECEMBER 1982.
• THE CODE IS GLOBAL IN SCOPE- AND IS DIRECTED TOWARD MEMBERS AND NON-
MEMBERS OF FAO, FISHING ENTITIES, SUB-REGIONAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL
ORGANIZATIONS, BOTH GOVERNMENTAL & NON-GOVERNMENTAL, AND ALL PERSONS CONCERNED
WITH THE CONSERVATION , MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES, INCLUDING
FISHERMEN.
• THE CODE PROVIDES PRINCIPLES AND STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO THE
CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALL FISHERIES. (COVERS
CAPTURE, PROCESSING AND TRADE OF FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS, FISHING
OPERATIONS, AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES RESEARCH AND THE INTEGRATION OF FISHERIES INTO
COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT).
• IN THIS CODE, THE REFERENCE TO STATES INCLUDES THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITY IN MATTERS WITHIN ITS COMPETENCE, AND THE TERM FISHERIES
APPLIES EQUALLY TO CAPTURE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE.

5. OBJECTIVE of the Code
THERE ARE 10 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES-
• ESTABLISH PRINCIPLES, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RELEVANT RULES OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW, FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHING AND FISHERIES ACTIVITIES, TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT ALL THE RELEVANT
BIOLOGICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND COMMERCIAL ASPECTS.
• ESTABLISH PRINCIPLES AND CRITERIA FOR THE ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
OF NATIONAL POLICIES FOR RESPONSIBLE CONSERVATION OF FISHERIES RESOURCES AND
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT.
• SERVE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF REFERENCE TO HELP STATES TO ESTABLISH OR TO IMPROVE
THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK REQUIRED FOR THE EXERCISE OF RESPONSIBLE
FISHERIES AND IN THE FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE MEASURES.
• PROVIDE GUIDANCE WHICH MAY BE USED WHERE APPROPRIATE IN THE FORMULATION
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND OTHER LEGAL INSTRUMENTS, BOTH
BINDING AND VOLUNTARY.
• FACILITATE AND PROMOTE TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND OTHER COOPERATION IN
CONSERVATION OF FISHERIES RESOURCES AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT;

6. Objectives Contd….
• PROMOTE THE CONTRIBUTION OF FISHERIES TO FOOD SECURITY AND FOOD
QUALITY, GIVING PRIORITY TO THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES.
• PROMOTE PROTECTION OF LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS AND
COASTAL AREAS
• PROMOTE THE TRADE OF FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS IN CONFORMITY WITH RELEVANT
INTERNATIONAL RULES AND AVOID THE USE OF MEASURES THAT CONSTITUTE HIDDEN BARRIERS
TO SUCH TRADE.
• PROMOTE RESEARCH ON FISHERIES AS WELL AS ON ASSOCIATED ECOSYSTEMS AND RELEVANT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS.
• PROVIDE STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR ALL PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE FISHERIES
SECTOR.

7. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING
& UPDATING of the Code
WHO IMPLEMENTS THE CODE?
ALL MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS OF FAO, FISHING ENTITIES AND RELEVANT SUB-
REGIONAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND ALL PERSONS CONCERNED WITH
THE CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF FISHERIES
WHO MONITORS THE WORKING OF THE CODE?
FAO WILL MONITOR THE APPLICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE AND ITS
EFFECTS ON FISHERIES
WHO UPDATES AND ISSUES FURTHER REFORMS OF THE CODE?
FAO, THROUGH ITS COMPETENT BODIES, MAY REVISE AND UPDATE THE CODE, TAKING
INTO ACCOUNT DEVELOPMENTS IN FISHERIES AND SUGGESTION FROM COFI (COMMITTEE
ON FISHERIES)

8. GENERAL PRINCIPLES of the
CODE
There are total of 19 Principles and Provisions of CCRF-
 Conservation of Aquatic resources- States and users of living aquatic
resources should conserve aquatic ecosystems. The right to fish carries with it the
obligation to do so in a responsible manner so as to ensure effective conservation
and management of the living aquatic resources.
 Promote Sustainable Development-Fisheries management should
promote the maintenance of the quality, diversity and availability of fishery resources
in sufficient quantities for present and future generations in the context of food
security, poverty alleviation and sustainable development.

9. Principles Contd….
 Prevention of Overfishing- States should prevent overfishing and excess
fishing capacity and should implement management measures to ensure that fishing
effort is commensurate with the productive capacity of the fishery resources and their
sustainable utilization.
Conservation and management decisions for fisheries should be based on-
• The best scientific evidence available.
• Traditional knowledge of the resources and their habitat.
• Relevant environmental, economic and social factors.

10. Principles Contd....
 Application of precautionary approach in the states, regional and sub-
regional fisheries management organizations to conserve, manage and carefully
exploit living aquatic resources to so as to protect them and preserve the aquatic
environment.
 Selective and environmentally safe fishing gear and practices should be
further developed and applied in order to maintain biodiversity, to conserve the
population structure, aquatic ecosystems and protect fish quality.
 The harvesting, handling, processing and distribution of fish and
fishery products should be carried out properly, so as to maintain the
nutritional value, quality and safety of the products, reduce waste and minimize
negative impacts on the environment.

11. Principles Contd….
 Protection of Critical Fisheries Habitats- All critical fisheries
habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, reefs, lagoons, nursery and
spawning areas, should be protected and rehabilitated as far as possible
and where necessary.
 Integration of Fisheries into CRZ- States should ensure that their
fisheries interests, including the need for conservation are taken into
account and are integrated into coastal area management, planning and
development
 Monitoring of Fishing Vessels- States should ensure compliance and
enforce conservation and management measures and establish effective
mechanisms, to monitor and control the activities of fishing vessels and
fishing support vessels.

12. Principles Contd….
 States authorizing fishing should exercise effective control over the fishing
vessels, bearing their flag, so as to ensure the proper application of this Code.
 States should cooperate at sub-regional, regional and global levels to-
• promote conservation and management,
• ensure responsible fishing and ensure effective conservation and
• protection of living aquatic resources, throughout their range of
distribution.
 States should promote awareness of responsible fisheries through
education and training of fishermen and fish-farmers.

13. Principles Contd…
 Proper Law making processes- States should, to the extent permitted
by national laws and regulations, ensure that decision making processes are
transparent and achieve timely solutions to urgent matters.
• Furthermore they should facilitate participation of Industry, Fishermen, and
other interested organizations in the actual law making and policies related
fisheries mgmt.
 Abiding International Trade rules- International trade in fish and
fishery products should be conducted in accordance with the
principles, rights and obligations established in the World Trade
Organization (WTO) Agreement and other relevant international
agreements.
 Prevention of Disputes- States should cooperate in order to prevent
disputes. All disputes relating to fishing activities and practices should be
resolved in a timely, peaceful and cooperative manner, in accordance with
applicable international agreements or as may otherwise be agreed between
the parties.

14. Principles Contd…
Safe and Secure Fisheries and Fishing- States should ensure that
fishing facilities, equipment and all fisheries activities allow for safe, healthy
and fair working and living conditions and meet internationally agreed
standards adopted by relevant international organizations.
 Protection of livelihoods of traditional fishermen- States should
protect the rights of fishers and fishworkers, particularly those engaged in
subsistence, small-scale and artisanal fisheries, to a secure and just
livelihood, as well as give them preferential access, where
appropriate, under their national jurisdiction.
 Promotion of Aquaculture- States should consider
aquaculture, including culture-based fisheries, as a means to promote
diversification of income and diet.

15. CCRF and Fisheries Management
• Aspects of CCRF in Fisheries Management can be broadly
categorized into-
 Management Objectives
 Precautionary approach
 Management measures & Implementation

16. Management Objectives
• Recognizing that long-term sustainable use of fisheries resources
is the overriding objective of conservation and management.
• Avoiding overfishing and exploitation of the stocks remains
economically viable.
• Conservation and protection of biodiversity of aquatic habitats
and ecosystems and endangered species.
• Allowing depleted stocks to recover or, are actively restored.
• The interests of fishermen, including those engaged in
subsistence, small-scale and artisanal fisheries, are taken into
account.

17. • Minimizing the effects of pollution, waste, discards, catch by lost
or abandoned gear, catch of non-target species of both fish and
non- fish species, and impacts on associated or dependent
species.
• States should assess the impacts of environmental factors on
target stocks and species belonging to the same ecosystem or the
by-catch species

18. Special Provisions for Developing Countries
• In order to achieve the objectives of this Code and to support its
effective implementation, countries, relevant international
organizations, and financial institutions should work for the
adoption of measures to address the needs of developing
countries, in the areas of-
 Financial and technical assistance
 Technology transfer
 Training and scientific cooperation
 Ability to develop their own fisheries
 Participate in high seas fisheries, including access to
such fisheries.

19. Motto of CCRF-
THINK OF
FISH and FISHERIES
INVOLVE
“FISH PEOPLE”

20. References
• FAO- Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, FAO
Corporate Document Repository, Fisheries and
Aquaculture Division, FAO.
• www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9878e/v9878e00.HTM

21. Thank You