conservation of natural resources in their natural habitat known as in-situ conservation. natural resources includes living organism (plants,animals),forest ,wetlands, ocean, rivers etc.
PRESENTATION ON Biosphere reserves of India
A Biosphere Reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is a title given by UNESCO to help protect the sites.
Ethnobotany, history of ethnobotany, aims and objective of ethnobotany, scope...halamobeen
in this presentation a brief note is given about what is ethnobotany. history of ethnobotany. what is the scope of ethnobotany. which are the aims and objective of ethnobotany. and also uses of ethnobotany.
PRESENTATION ON Biosphere reserves of India
A Biosphere Reserve is an ecosystem with plants and animals of unusual scientific and natural interest. It is a title given by UNESCO to help protect the sites.
Ethnobotany, history of ethnobotany, aims and objective of ethnobotany, scope...halamobeen
in this presentation a brief note is given about what is ethnobotany. history of ethnobotany. what is the scope of ethnobotany. which are the aims and objective of ethnobotany. and also uses of ethnobotany.
This topic is related with environmental science. It consists of definition, types, characteristic features with accurate examples and pictures. Differentiating definition between the two.
Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras.
presenation only for exsitu conservation includes topic (Components of ex-situ conservation
Plant genetic resources conservation in gene banks, national gene banks and gene repositories
Preservation of genetic materials under natural conditions, Perma-frost conservation
Guidelines for sending seeds to network of active/ working collections
Orthodox and recalcitrant seeds- differences in handling
Clonal repositories
genetic stability under long term storage condition)
IUCN is a globally important organisation for the conservation of nature and its resources. It is well known for Red data book. the species of organisms around the globe is grouped into several categories according to their need for conservation.
In this ppt, you will study about the different biographical zone of India and types of forest in India and about Indian Biodiversity with a video made by me on youtube. you can follow me here and you can see my more video on youtube.
Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary science is, therefore, in a position to contribute to development of the wealth of traditional knowledge of the indigenous people concerning their natural systems and environment, their knowledge on utilization and maintenance of plant resources on a long-term basis without damaging or destroying their habitats.
Ethnobotanical data can be utilized by economic botanists to discover new plant resources, to provide fresh ideas for environment planners, as a tool for basic selection of plant species for development of drugs by pharmacologists, phytochemists and clinicians, as a new source of history through the study of plant names by linguists, as a source for locating new germ plasm for agriculturists, etc. Some works on ethnobotany performed only in last decades of 20th century.
This topic is related with environmental science. It consists of definition, types, characteristic features with accurate examples and pictures. Differentiating definition between the two.
Phytogeography is concerned with all aspects of plant distribution, from the controls on the distribution of individual species ranges to the factors that govern the composition of entire communities and floras.
presenation only for exsitu conservation includes topic (Components of ex-situ conservation
Plant genetic resources conservation in gene banks, national gene banks and gene repositories
Preservation of genetic materials under natural conditions, Perma-frost conservation
Guidelines for sending seeds to network of active/ working collections
Orthodox and recalcitrant seeds- differences in handling
Clonal repositories
genetic stability under long term storage condition)
IUCN is a globally important organisation for the conservation of nature and its resources. It is well known for Red data book. the species of organisms around the globe is grouped into several categories according to their need for conservation.
In this ppt, you will study about the different biographical zone of India and types of forest in India and about Indian Biodiversity with a video made by me on youtube. you can follow me here and you can see my more video on youtube.
Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary science is, therefore, in a position to contribute to development of the wealth of traditional knowledge of the indigenous people concerning their natural systems and environment, their knowledge on utilization and maintenance of plant resources on a long-term basis without damaging or destroying their habitats.
Ethnobotanical data can be utilized by economic botanists to discover new plant resources, to provide fresh ideas for environment planners, as a tool for basic selection of plant species for development of drugs by pharmacologists, phytochemists and clinicians, as a new source of history through the study of plant names by linguists, as a source for locating new germ plasm for agriculturists, etc. Some works on ethnobotany performed only in last decades of 20th century.
Marine protected area Marine protected areas (MPA) are protected areas of seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes .[2] These marine areas can come in many forms ranging from wildlife refuges to research facilities.[3] MPAs restrict human activity for a conservation purpose, typically to protect natural or cultural resources.[4] Such marine resources are protected by local, state, territorial, native, regional, national, or international authorities and differ substantially among and between nations. This variation includes different limitations on development, fishing practices, fishing seasons and catch limits, moorings and bans on removing or disrupting marine life. In some situations (such as with the Phoenix Islands Protected Area), MPAs also provide revenue for countries, potentially equal to the income that they would have if they were to grant companies permissions to fish.[5]
On 28 October 2016 in Hobart, Australia, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources agreed to establish the first Antarctic and largest marine protected area in the world encompassing 1.55 million km2 (600,000 sq mi) in the Ross Sea.[6] Other large MPAs are in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans, in certain exclusive economic zones of Australia and overseas territories of France, the United Kingdom and the United States, with major (990,000 square kilometres (380,000 sq mi) or larger) new or expanded MPAs by these nations since 2012—such as Natural Park of the Coral Sea, Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument, Coral Sea Commonwealth Marine Reserve and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. When counted with MPAs of all sizes from many other countries, as of August 2016 there are more than 13,650 MPAs, encompassing 2.07% of the world's oceans, with half of that area – encompassing 1.03% of the world's oceans – receiving complete "no-take" designation.[7]
A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics, mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The total mangrove forest area of the world in 2000 was 137,800 square kilometres (53,200 sq mi), spanning 118 countries and territories.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), formerly called World Conservation Union, network of environmental organizations founded as the International Union for the Protection of Nature in October 1948 in Fontainebleau, France, to promote nature conservation and the ecologically sustainable use of natural resources. The IUCN’s membership includes more than 1,000 governmental and nongovernmental organizations from more than 140 countries. It is governed by a democratically elected council, which is chosen by member organizations at each World Conservation Congress.
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity HotspotThe government o.docxdonnajames55
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot
The government of Mahandar wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts on the island. The government has two goals: 1) to protect the overall biodiversity and sustainability of the island ecosystem, and 2) to protect the endemic primates that live in the forests on the island. The endangered primates are unique and very sensitive to habitat changes. This puts them at a higher risk of extinction. The primates have also become a well-known attraction for ecotourists from around the world. The government has enough funds to fully support conservation at only one of four forest areas being considered for conservation. You are a member of the conservation team that will advise the government as to which area should get full conservation support.
Complete the chart on the following page. You will attach this chart (but not this instruction page) to your completed writing assignment when you submit it.
Things to Consider: Examine the map of the island, the primate evolutionary tree, and read (carefully) the descriptions of the 4 possible conservation areas on the following pages. Then, consider the following:
Does the size of the proposed conservation area matter? Which proposed sites have a size advantage? Which have a disadvantage?
Does the shape of the proposed conservation area matter? Which area(s) are shaped in a desirable way? Which areas are shaped in a detrimental way?
Do all areas contain the same biodiversity? Which have more? Which have less?
Do all areas contain significant diversity in their primate populations (you need to consult the evolutionary tree to determine this)? Which areas contain more genetically diverse primate populations? Which areas contain less diverse populations?
The Written Assignment: Based on all the information you have, which forest area do you think should be conserved? Explain your reasoning; your reasoning should include the advantages to conserving the area you picked (required), and may also include disadvantages to conserving other areas (optional). While you may decide on a particular area due to non-biological considerations (for example, economic advantages to conserving this area), you must also discuss the biology (shape, size, diversity) in your response. Note: there is no one correct answer to this question, which means your explanation of the reasons is extremely important to the scoring of your assignment.
Forest area
Biological Advantages of conserving this area
Economic Advantages of conserving this area
Trade-offs (“cons”) of
Conserving the area
Mangrove Forest
Tropical Forest North
Tropical Forest South
Cloud Forest
The island of Mahandar
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mahandarian Primates
Below is a phylogenetic tree for the primates on Mahandar. The tree shows evolutionary data for primate taxa that are endemic to the island. Think carefully – Some regions have all their primates on bran.
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity HotspotThe government .docxaryan532920
Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot
The government of Mahandar wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts on the island. The government has two goals: 1) to protect the overall biodiversity and sustainability of the island ecosystem, and 2) to protect the endemic primates that live in the forests on the island. The endangered primates are unique and very sensitive to habitat changes. This puts them at a higher risk of extinction. The primates have also become a well-known attraction for ecotourists from around the world. The government has enough funds to fully support conservation at only one of four forest areas being considered for conservation. You are a member of the conservation team that will advise the government as to which area should get full conservation support.
Complete the chart on the following page. You will attach this chart (but not this instruction page) to your completed writing assignment when you submit it.
Things to Consider: Examine the map of the island, the primate evolutionary tree, and read (carefully) the descriptions of the 4 possible conservation areas on the following pages. Then, consider the following:
Does the size of the proposed conservation area matter? Which proposed sites have a size advantage? Which have a disadvantage?
Does the shape of the proposed conservation area matter? Which area(s) are shaped in a desirable way? Which areas are shaped in a detrimental way?
Do all areas contain the same biodiversity? Which have more? Which have less?
Do all areas contain significant diversity in their primate populations (you need to consult the evolutionary tree to determine this)? Which areas contain more genetically diverse primate populations? Which areas contain less diverse populations?
The Written Assignment: Based on all the information you have, which forest area do you think should be conserved? Explain your reasoning; your reasoning should include the advantages to conserving the area you picked (required), and may also include disadvantages to conserving other areas (optional). While you may decide on a particular area due to non-biological considerations (for example, economic advantages to conserving this area), you must also discuss the biology (shape, size, diversity) in your response. Note: there is no one correct answer to this question, which means your explanation of the reasons is extremely important to the scoring of your assignment.
Forest area
Biological Advantages of conserving this area
Economic Advantages of conserving this area
Trade-offs (“cons”) of
Conserving the area
Mangrove Forest
Tropical Forest North
Tropical Forest South
Cloud Forest
The island of Mahandar
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mahandarian Primates
Below is a phylogenetic tree for the primates on Mahandar. The tree shows evolutionary data for primate taxa that are endemic to the island. Think carefully – Some regions have all their primates on bran ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2. INTRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS
INDIAN INITIATIVES
PROTECTED AREA IN INDIA
WETLAND, MANGROOVE & CORAL REEF
CONSERVATION
3. Conservation is the protection, preservation,
management or restoration of wildlife and
natural resources.
4. To protect resources for human kind various
environmental conservation organisation are
working world wide.
IUCN– largest & most important conservation
network.
UNEP– ( United Nations Environment Programme)
provide information on the state of natural
resources and their contribution to sustainable
development.
WCMC– ( World Conservation Monitoring Centre),
monitors effectiveness of conservation efforts
especially made by IUCN, UNEP, WWF.
5. WWF– (World Wide Fund for Nature), a non
governmental organisation, having a mission to
stop degradation of natural environment.
GEF– (Global Environment Facility), funds the
projects that aim to protect the global environment.
UNESCO– ( U.N. Educational, Scientific & Cultural
Organisation).
WRI– (World Resources Institute), works for
sustainable use of biodiversity through ecosystem
approach.
Major Events Are---
WCS (World Conservation Strategy)
GBA (Global Biodiversity Assessment)
MAB (Man & Biosphere Program)
6. The government of India came up with various
wildlife conservation projects & programs to
promote wild life awareness. Such as– project tiger,
project elephant, project rhinoceros etc.
By establishing protected area.
By Setting up of wildlife corridors.
By protecting or conserving wetlands, forests etc.
Tour were initiated in India and are one of the
best way to aware people about the importance of
wildlife.
7. In –situ conservation refers to the protection
and maintenance of organisms in their natural
habitat.
The natural area is protected and maintained to
conserve all known or unknown species.
The entire natural habitat is restored to ensure
proper balance in the structure and function of
the ecosystem.
This includes the establishment of---National
park, Sanctuaries, biosphere reserves etc.
8. A wildlife sanctuary is a protected area formed by
the order of the state or central government but
not bound by state legislation .
Between 1936—2016, 543 sanctuaries were
established in India that cover 118,918 Km2.
No forest could be cleared for agricultural
purposes.
Killing, hunting, poaching is prohibited but local
people can gather flowers, fruits, firewood,
medicinal plants, etc. in small amount.
9. Private ownership may be allowed.
Public entry and roaming inside a wildlife
sanctuary is allowed for research, education,
and recreational purposes.
Examples---
Kedarnath (UP)
Keladevi (Rajasthan)
Askot (Uttarakhand)
Pulicat (Andra Pradesh)
10. National parks are protected
area, usually declared and
owned by the central
government.
India’s first national park
was established in 1936 as
Hailey National Park (now
known as Jim Corbett
National Park) in
Uttarakhand.
11. At present, there are 103 national park in india
covering an area of 40,500 Km2 (1.23% of
geographical area).
The area of a national park is protected by
statutory law.
Private rights are non existent.
Photographs may be allowed and research and
educational work can be carried out with prior
permission.
Human activities are prohibited and the park
cannot be used for any reason such as fruits ,
flowers and firewood or timber collection.
12. Biosphere reserves are a special category of protected areas
of lands or coastal environments, where people are an
integral components of the system.
The first biosphere reserve of the world was established
in 1979, since then the network of biosphere reserves has
increased to 531 in 105 countries.
13. Objectives of biosphere reserve--
A conservation function – to contribute to the
conservation of landscapes , ecosystem and species
variation.
A development function – to foster economic and
human development which is socio-culturally and
ecologically sustainable .
A logistic function – to provide support for
research , monitoring, education and information
exchange related to local, national and global
issues of conservation and development.
14. Structure of biosphere reserve—
Core zone:- the natural or core zone represents an
undisturbed or least distributed area of
representative ecosystem .
Buffer zone :- the buffer zone surrounds the core
zone , and is managed for research , education and
training activities.
Traditional activities including timber production,
hunting, fishing & grazing are permitted.
Transition zone:- outermost part of reserve
where in activities like settlement, cropping,
forestry, recreation & other economic uses
continue in harmony with conservation goals.
15. Wetland conservation is aimed
at protecting and preserving
areas where water exists at or
near the earth surface.
Wetlands are ecosystems In
which the land surface is
saturated or covered with
standing water either
permanently or seasonally.
The water found in wetlands
can be saltwater ,fresh water or
brackish.
16. The major types of wetlands are---
Marshes are the most productive wetlands
characterized by mineral soil and are typically
dominated by grasses and floating leaved plants .
Swamps are forested wetlands characterized by
mineral soil ,seasonally or permanently flooded ,
and dominated by trees.
Bogs are acidic, unproductive wetlands that
develop in relatively cool but wet climate and are
typically by species of moss.
Fens are alkaline rather than acid area, receiving
water mostly from surface and ground water
sources.
17. The major cause for their reduction is land
reclamation, drainage, & conversion into
arable land for agricultural needs.
Peat bogs suffered anthropogenic transformation
due to the capturing of water from mountain
springs and streams for the purposes of
generating drinking water.
Ignorance, lack of monitoring, are also
responsible for wetland degradation.
Fed by local dams, the erratic & scarce
precipitation is leading to vast swathes of
wetland drying up.
18. By stopping or reducing the anthropogenic causes.
By providing the employment in wetland
management.
Protection , rehabilitation and sustainable use of
wetlands.
19. The main functions performed by wetlands are---
Water filtration– by removing excess nutrients,
slowing the water allowing particulates to settle out
of the water which can then be absorbed into plant
roots.
Wetlands can even filter out & absorb harmful
bacteria from the water.
Storage– wetlands can store approximately 1-1.5
million gallons of floodwater per acre and allow
groundwater to be recharged.
Biological productivity– wetlands are able to be
highly biologically productive, also support, through
feeding & nesting of birds.
20. Wildlife habitat– 95% of all commercially
harvested fish and shellfish are wetland dependent.
Some parts of the area are wetlands managed for
providing habitat of migrating birds, such as
waterfowl & songbird.
Many animals that live in other habitat use
wetlands for reproduction ex- Herons, amphibians.
Economic benefits– hunting, fishing, bird
watching, wildlife photography, boating.
Some of notable wetlands of india are Sundarban,
Rashikbeel, Bhitorkanika, Vembanad.
21. Mangroves are tree or
large shrubs which are
salt tolerant and grow in
intertidal zone in tropical
& subtropical regions.
They form dense forest
along many coasts, and
are found in 123
countries and cover
above 150,000 km2
globally.
22. Where do mangroves grow?
Mangroves grow only in the tropics & subtropics .
They do not tolerate cold temperature well.
They grow best in sheltered areas with low wave
energies.
23. Clearing– cleared to make room for agricultural
land, human settlements , infrastructure and
industrial areas.
Overharvesting– these trees are useful for
firewood, construction wood, wood chip, pulp
production& animal fodder.
River changes– dams & irrigation reduce the
amount of water reaching mangrove forests, and
erosion due to deforestation.
Destruction of coral reef, pollution, climate
change etc.
24. Establishing protected are that redues
anthropogenic pressures.
Restoration – mangrove restoration involves
reforestation using appropriate species. It usually
follows three main stages: sorting propagules,
supplying propagules to planter and planting.
Community involvement is also key to successful
mangrove management, protection and
reforestation.
25. Fisheries– mangroves are the home to a large
variety of fish, crab, shrimp, and mollusk species.
Timber and plant products– wood is resistant to
rot and insects, making it extremely valuable. The
coastal and indigenous communities also collect
medicinal plants and mangrove leaves for fodder.
Coastal protection– mangroves helps in
stabilizing the coastline and prevents erosion from
waves & storms.
Tourism
26. Coral reef referred to as
the ‘rainforest of the sea’ .
They are mounds found in
marine water as a
consequence of accretion
of calcium carbonate
deposited by oceanic
organisms like corals and
shellfish.
27. The reef faces threat from inland pollution,
climate change , overfishing by dynamite and
cyanide poisoning, coastal development, mining of
coral reef rock, ocean acidification , warming
water, and ignorance.
HOW CONSERVE IT—
• Coral reef can be conserve by establishing Marine
Protected Area in oceans.
• Reducing the threating causes.
28. They protect the shores from storms and wave
actions by slowing down the water before it gets
to the shore , hence called barrier reefs.
Provide protection and shelter for many
different species of fish.
These are very important in controlling how much
carbon dioxide is in the ocean water.
Help in nutrient recycling.