This document discusses keys for visual image interpretation including tone, texture, pattern, size, shape, shadow, association, and site. Tone refers to the brightness or color of objects. Texture is the frequency of tonal variations. Pattern is the spatial arrangement of objects. Size is important for assessing objects relative to the scene and resolution. Shape is the most important factor for recognition. Shadow can help with interpretation but also cause difficulties. Association refers to how features relate to each other. Site refers to topographic location which is important when other elements don't clearly identify objects.

1. Visual Image Interpretation
V Bhat

2. Identify me

3. Interpretation Keys
• Tone
• Size
• Shape
• Texture
• Association
• Shadow
• Site
• Pattern

4. Tone
• Relative brightness of grey level
on black and white image or
color/F.C.C image
• Tone is the measure of the
intensity of the reflected or
emitted radiation of the objects
of the terrain

5. Texture
• Frequency of tonal variation
in an image
• Texture is produced by an
aggregate unit of features
which may be too small to be
clearly discerned individually
on the image

7. Pattern
• Spatial arrangement of the objects
• Objects both natural and manmade have a pattern which aids in their
recognition
• The repetition of certain general form or relationship in tones and
texture creates a pattern

10. Size
• In the context of the image
scale or resolution
• It is important to assess the
size of a target relative to
other objects in the scene, as
well as the absolute size, to
aid in the interpretation of
that target

11. Shape
• General form, configuration or
outline of an individual object
• Most important single factors for
recognizing object from an image.
man-made objects Vs natural
environment

12. Shadow
• helpful element in image interpretation
• It also creates difficulties for some objects
in their identification in the image

13. Association
• Occurrence of certain features in relation to others objects in the
imagery
• In urban area a smooth vegetation pattern generally refers to a play
ground or grass land not agricultural land

14. Site
• Refers to topographic or
geographic location
• It is also an important element in
image interpretation when objects
are not clearly identified using the
previous the elements

15. Have a try now…