This presentation contains the Fluid flow chapter of Pharmaceutical engineering. This chapter include the definition of flow of fluid, Reynolds number, Bernollis therom, Manometers, Fluid flow measuring equipment's and applications.
Fluid Mechanics introduction for UG students
Fluid properties
Reynolds experiment
Manometer
Orificemeter
Venturimeter
Pitot tube
Rotameter
Current flow meter
In fluid Mechanics course pressure measurement with different devices is much important. In this slides we will learn different pressure measuring devices.
B. Pharm 2nd year IIIrd Sem
Subject- Pharmaceutical Engineering
As per PCI syllabus
Content: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance,
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter,
Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer
This presentation contains the Fluid flow chapter of Pharmaceutical engineering. This chapter include the definition of flow of fluid, Reynolds number, Bernollis therom, Manometers, Fluid flow measuring equipment's and applications.
Fluid Mechanics introduction for UG students
Fluid properties
Reynolds experiment
Manometer
Orificemeter
Venturimeter
Pitot tube
Rotameter
Current flow meter
In fluid Mechanics course pressure measurement with different devices is much important. In this slides we will learn different pressure measuring devices.
B. Pharm 2nd year IIIrd Sem
Subject- Pharmaceutical Engineering
As per PCI syllabus
Content: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance,
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter,
Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer
Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank
flow of fluid and its mechanism along with principleAkankshaPatel55
Fluid flow, the seemingly effortless movement of liquids and gases, plays a crucial role in various scientific and engineering fields. From blood circulation to airplane design, understanding fluid mechanics is essential. This note explores the basics of fluid flow, keeping it under 3000 words.
Understanding Fluids:
What is a fluid? Any substance that readily adapts to its container's shape, like liquids and gases.
Flow types: Laminar (ordered layers) vs. Turbulent (chaotic swirls), internal (in pipes) vs. external (around objects), steady (unchanging) vs. unsteady (variable).
Governing Principles:
Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy: Fundamental principles ensure mass, momentum, and energy are conserved within a system.
The Core Mechanism: Navier-Stokes Equations
These complex equations describe viscous fluid motion, incorporating the above principles.
Analytical solutions are often challenging, leading to the use of numerical methods like CFD.
Key Concepts:
Reynolds Number (Re): Ratio of inertial to viscous forces, predicting laminar-turbulent transition.
Boundary Layer Theory: Analyzes the thin region near solid boundaries where viscosity dominates.
Drag and Lift Forces: Forces exerted by flowing fluids on objects, important in aerodynamics.
Fluid Properties: Density, viscosity, and compressibility significantly impact flow behavior.
Applications and Importance:
Civil Engineering: Design of pipelines, dams, and water distribution systems.
Aerospace Engineering: Designing airplanes, rockets, and understanding airfoils.
Chemical Engineering: Designing reactors, pumps, and separation processes.
Biomedical Engineering: Understanding blood flow and designing medical devices.
Fluid and pressure measurements- Pharmaceutical EngineeringSanchit Dhankhar
Measurement of flow‐
– Classification of flow meters,
venturimeter,
orificemeter,
pitot tube,
rotameter
current flow meters
Pressure measurement‐
Classification of manometers,
simple manometer/
U tube manometer and modifications (Differential/inclined),
Bourdon gauge
Manometers are the devices used for measuring the pressure difference
Different type of manometers are there they are
Simple manometer
Differential manometer
Inclined manometer
FLUID FLOW
A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases.
“Fluid flow may be defined as the flow of substances that do not permanently resist distortion”
The subject of fluid flow can be divided into-
fluid statics
fluid dynamics
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2. MANOMETERS
A manometer is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to
measure pressure.
The manometer utilizes the hydrostatic (standing liquid)
balance principle wherein a pressure is measured by the height of the
liquid it will support.
There are many types of manometers, some of which are as follows:
Simple Manometer
Well Type Manometer
Inclined Manometer
Two liquid manometer
3. SIMPLE MANOMETER
It consists of a transparent U-tube containing the fluid A of density
p whose pressure is to be measured and an immiscible fluid B of
higher density pm.
The limbs are connected to the two points between which the
pressure difference (P2- P1) is required.
If P2 is greater than P1, the interface between the two liquids in limb
2 will be depressed a distance hm (say) below that in limb 1.
The pressure at the level a — a must be the same in each of the
limbs and, therefore;
𝑷 𝟐 + 𝒛 𝒎 𝝆𝒈 = 𝑷 𝟏 + 𝒛 𝒎 − 𝒉 𝒎 𝝆𝒈 + 𝒉 𝒎 𝝆 𝒎 𝒈
∆𝑷 = 𝑷 𝟐 − 𝑷 𝟏 = 𝒉 𝒎 𝝆 𝒎 − 𝝆 𝒈
If fluid A is a gas, ∆𝑷 = 𝒉 𝒎 𝝆 𝒎 𝒈
5. WELL TYPE MANOMETER
In order to avoid the inconvenience of having to read two limbs,
the well-type manometer can be used.
If Aw and Ac are the cross-sectional areas of the well and the
column and hm is the increase in the level of the column and hw
the decrease in the level of the well, then;
∆𝑷 = 𝑷 𝟐 − 𝑷 𝟏 = 𝒉 𝒎 𝝆𝒈(𝟏 +
𝑨𝒄
𝑨𝒘
)
7. INCLINED MANOMETER
The inclined manometer enables the sensitivity of the
manometers described previously to be increased by
measuring the length of the column of liquid.
If 𝜽 is the angle of inclination of the manometer and L is
the movement of the column of liquid along the limb,
then;
𝑳 =
𝒉𝒎
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
8. TWO LIQUID MANOMETER
Small differences in pressure in gases are often measured with two liquid
manometer.
It consists of reservoir at the top of each limb of a sufficiently large
cross-section for the liquid level to remain approximately the same on
each side of manometer.
∆𝑷 = 𝑷 𝟐 − 𝑷 𝟏 = 𝒉 𝒎 𝝆 𝒎𝟏 − 𝝆 𝒎𝟐 𝒈
The sensitivity of the instrument is very high if the densities of the two
liquids are nearly the same.
Liquids used: 1. Paraffin Oil and Industrial Alcohol
2. Benzyl Alcohol and Calcium Chloride