Management of coma and altered sensorium 19.4.01
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This document discusses the management of patients presenting with coma or altered sensorium. Key points include evaluating vital signs and providing emergency treatment to maintain ventilation, circulation, control seizures, and manage intracranial pressure. Further tests such as bloodwork and imaging studies can help identify potential metabolic, structural or toxic causes. Ongoing care focuses on preventing complications through careful monitoring and stimulation techniques.
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This document provides information on consciousness and coma:
- Consciousness has two components - arousal from the reticular activating system and awareness from the cerebral cortex. Stimulation of the RAS produces arousal while its destruction causes coma.
- The Glasgow Coma Scale and newer scales like FOUR are used to evaluate patients in comatose or reduced states of consciousness. The FOUR scale assesses eye, motor, brainstem, and respiratory responses.
- Causes of coma can be structural/focal brain injuries or non-structural/diffuse issues like hypoxia, infections, or toxic exposures. An approach is outlined to initially stabilize an unconscious patient and guide further examination and investigations.
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Coma is a common medical emergency that requires careful management to prevent further brain damage. Emergency treatment focuses on maintaining oxygenation, circulation, controlling seizures, reducing intracranial pressure, and maintaining normal body temperature. Ongoing care involves monitoring vital signs, providing nutrition, preventing infection, and stimulating the patient as appropriate. The cause of coma must be determined through examination, investigations, and monitoring the patient's response to treatment.
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Coma is defined and the anatomy of consciousness explained. The various levels of arousal, AVPU scale and Glasgow Coma Scale described. The differential diagnosis of coma discussed are coma with & without focal deficits and the meningitis syndrome.
The various aspects of history discussed in details. The examination part includes the general examination, Brainstem reflexes, motor functions with the signs of lateralisation and meningeal irritation signs.
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This document provides information on consciousness and coma:
- Consciousness has two components - arousal from the reticular activating system and awareness from the cerebral cortex. Stimulation of the RAS produces arousal while its destruction causes coma.
- The Glasgow Coma Scale and newer scales like FOUR are used to evaluate patients in comatose or reduced states of consciousness. The FOUR scale assesses eye, motor, brainstem, and respiratory responses.
- Causes of coma can be structural/focal brain injuries or non-structural/diffuse issues like hypoxia, infections, or toxic exposures. An approach is outlined to initially stabilize an unconscious patient and guide further examination and investigations.
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Coma is defined and the anatomy of consciousness explained. The various levels of arousal, AVPU scale and Glasgow Coma Scale described. The differential diagnosis of coma discussed are coma with & without focal deficits and the meningitis syndrome.
The various aspects of history discussed in details. The examination part includes the general examination, Brainstem reflexes, motor functions with the signs of lateralisation and meningeal irritation signs.
The basic lab investigations, Imaging and special investigations like CSF examination, EEG discussed.
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- Pediatric head trauma can have lifelong implications and risks are higher for boys starting at age 5. Moderate to severe injuries increase risks of behavioral/cognitive issues.
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The document discusses coma, including its definition, causes, clinical assessment, investigations, differential diagnosis and management. Coma is characterized by a total lack of arousal and awareness lasting at least 1 hour. It can be caused by structural brain injuries or metabolic derangements and represents a severe impairment of cerebral function. A systematic clinical approach is needed to identify treatable causes of coma such as head injuries, infections, drugs or toxic exposures.
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3. Confirmatory tests such as an EEG, angiogram, or nuclear scan may be used but are not required for the diagnosis of brain death. Proper documentation of meeting criteria is important.
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2) The main types of stroke are ischemic (85%) caused by blockage and hemorrhagic (15%) caused by burst blood vessels. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, obesity, heart disease, older age, and family history.
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This document discusses classifications of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It describes several classification systems including:
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) which grades severity as mild, moderate or severe.
- Mayo classification which defines moderate-severe TBI based on features like loss of consciousness over 30 minutes.
- Outcome-based classifications like Glasgow Outcome Scale which grades outcome on a scale from death to good recovery.
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1. Ensure airway, breathing and circulation are stabilized. Treat any rapidly reversible causes of coma like hypoglycemia.
2. Use the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess the level of consciousness. Common causes of coma include head injuries, strokes, infections, tumors, and metabolic derangements.
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In this file, you can ref resume materials for diversional therapist such as diversional therapist resume samples, diversional therapist resume writing tips
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Self-care deficit theory describes a self-care deficit as when an individual's ability to meet their own self-care needs is absent or limited, or when their self-care demands exceed their self-care abilities. Examples of self-care deficits include lack of activity/rest, altered nutrition/elimination, unsafe environments, and noncompliance with medications. When a self-care deficit is present, nursing is needed to establish a nurse-patient relationship, determine how patients can be helped, provide direct assistance to patients, and coordinate nursing care with other health services.
Altered Consciousness
This document discusses consciousness and altered consciousness. It defines consciousness as awareness of thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and surroundings at any given moment in time, which creates our sense of reality. Altered consciousness can be caused by drugs, trauma, sleep, illness, disease, or anesthesia. The document outlines different levels of consciousness like awake, sleep, and dream states. It also discusses tools for assessing consciousness, like the Glasgow Coma Scale, and neurotransmitters that are involved in consciousness like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Coma final
This document provides an overview of coma, including its anatomical and physiological bases, definition, causes, evaluation, and management. Coma requires dysfunction of the pontine reticular activating system and/or bilateral cerebral hemispheres. Common causes include drug overdose, metabolic derangements, head trauma, anoxia, and stroke. Evaluation involves assessing ABCs, looking for signs of increased intracranial pressure, and performing tests to identify potential causes. Management priorities are supporting ABCs, treating potentially reversible causes like hypoglycemia, and controlling intracranial pressure if elevated.
comatosed patient
This document provides an overview of the approach to diagnosis and management of patients presenting in a comatose state. It begins with definitions of consciousness and coma, then discusses causes of coma including intracranial causes like trauma, infection, vascular issues and tumors, as well as extracranial causes such as toxins, hypoxia, metabolic derangements and others. It describes tools for assessment like the Glasgow Coma Scale and provides guidance on clinical evaluation including vital signs, neurological exam and laboratory testing. Emergency management including airway protection, treatment of hypoglycemia, meningitis and seizures is reviewed. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of focused history and exam to identify potentially life-threatening causes.
Presentation by dr. mottalib
This document discusses the management of unconscious patients. It defines coma as the loss of consciousness due to bilateral brain or brainstem disease. Common causes of coma include metabolic disturbances, trauma, infections, cerebrovascular disease, and other issues like epilepsy or brain tumors. The management of unconscious patients follows ABC principles - airway, breathing, circulation. Additional steps include glucose control, IV access, cervical spine stabilization if trauma is suspected, and treating potential causes. A full neurological exam, including Glasgow Coma Scale, is also recommended along with appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment of any identified conditions.
FA: Consciousness
The document discusses various disorders of consciousness including changes in consciousness, focal neurological symptoms, causes, and first aid approaches. Key consciousness disorders covered include somnolence, sopor, coma, epilepsy, convulsive states, cerebrovascular accidents, meningitis, fainting, and conditions that can cause seizures such as febrile convulsions, eclampsia, tetany, tetanus, and botulinism. First aid focuses on ensuring safety, monitoring breathing and circulation, providing care specific to conditions like cooling for febrile seizures, and determining need for emergency medical treatment.
Coma usmf
This document discusses states of normal and impaired consciousness, including coma. It describes coma as an extreme state of unresponsiveness where an individual exhibits no voluntary movement or behavior. The document outlines an approach for clinically evaluating a comatose patient, including examining vital signs, skin features, breath odor, and performing a neurological examination to help identify potential underlying causes of coma. It also introduces the Glasgow Coma Scale for assessing the level or depth of impaired consciousness or coma.
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General approach and differential diagnosis of coma
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NurseReview.Org - Nursing Management of the Adult Client with Neurologic Alte...
This document provides an overview of nursing management for adult clients with neurologic alterations. It discusses anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, common health problems like altered level of consciousness and increased intracranial pressure. Diagnostic studies and neurological assessments are outlined. Intracranial pressure complications like cerebral herniation, diabetes insipidus, and SIADH are covered. Medical management goals and nursing interventions for conditions like altered level of consciousness and increased intracranial pressure are summarized.
Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office
Here are some key emergency medications to have available:
- Epinephrine 1:1000 for anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest
- Aspirin for cardiac events
- Diphenhydramine for allergic reactions
- Flumazenil for benzodiazepine overdose
- Dextrose solutions and oral glucose for hypoglycemia
- Glucagon for hypoglycemia if unable to take oral glucose
- Nitroglycerin for chest pain
Having these basic emergency medications can help manage common medical emergencies until EMS arrives.
Approach to stupor and coma
1) Stupor and coma are states of decreased or absent responsiveness that require evaluation to identify potentially reversible causes and provide emergency treatment.
2) The initial approach involves stabilizing vital functions, treating potentially reversible causes, obtaining history, and performing a full neurological examination.
3) Emergency treatment may include supplemental oxygen, IV thiamine, glucose, and antibiotics depending on suspected causes identified from history and examination.
approach to neurologic illness in medical ICU
The document summarizes evaluation and management of comatose patients in non-neurological intensive care units. It discusses clinical history taking, physical examination findings including vital signs, neurological examination, differential diagnosis of various causes of coma including metabolic, structural, medical conditions and those related to specific ICU settings. It also covers prognosis evaluation and management of conditions like brain death.
Syncope iman
The document provides guidance on approaching a patient presenting with syncope (transient loss of consciousness). Key points include:
- Take a thorough history, including details of the syncopal episode and any predisposing/precipitating factors, as this identifies the cause in up to 85% of cases.
- Perform a physical exam focusing on signs of underlying cardiac disease.
- Consider additional testing like ECG, echocardiogram, tilt table testing or cardiac monitoring depending on suspected causes like arrhythmia, structural heart disease or neurally-mediated reflex syncope.
- Leading causes are neurally-mediated reflex syncope, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias or structural
21)Altered Mental Status
Altered mental status (AMS) refers to any change from a person's normal mental state and can be caused by problems in the brain or body affecting the brain. Prehospital goals are to ensure adequate ventilation and circulation, administer oxygen and glucose, assess and treat underlying causes, and consider the possibility of trauma. The nervous system controls voluntary and involuntary functions through the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). Common causes of AMS include structural issues like strokes, metabolic derangements from external factors like poisoning or internal problems like hypoxia or organ failure. Diabetic emergencies can cause AMS due to hypo- or hyperglycemia. Seizures are also a potential cause
Cerebrovascular Disease
This document provides information on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. It discusses the types, risk factors, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of each. For ischemic stroke, it outlines the five types according to cause and details tPA administration criteria. For hemorrhagic stroke, it describes the types including intracerebral hemorrhage from aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. Nursing interventions for recovery are also summarized.
[Int. med] cerebrovascular accident from SIMS Lahore
This document discusses stroke, including definitions, types, risk factors, symptoms, assessments, and treatments. It defines stroke as a reduction in blood flow to the brain caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel. The main types are ischemic (blockage) and hemorrhagic (rupture). Risk factors include age, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, smoking, and family history. Symptoms depend on the affected brain region but may include weakness, confusion, visual issues, and severe headache. Assessments involve neurological exams, CT scans, and lab tests. Treatments focus on restoring blood flow, controlling blood pressure, preventing complications, and rehabilitation.
Heart failure.pptx
A 72-year-old man presented with worsening shortness of breath on exertion and physical examination findings suggestive of congestive heart failure; echocardiogram showed aortic stenosis and reduced left ventricular function, confirming the diagnosis of congestive heart failure likely due to aortic stenosis. Management would involve echocardiogram to assess aortic valve area and left ventricular function, as well as treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Cnv disorders
1. The document discusses nervous system disorders including intracranial pressure, components of the brain, causes of increased ICP, signs and symptoms, investigations, and management of increased ICP including drug therapy and nursing care.
2. It also covers topics such as stroke, including types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis using FAST test, treatment including thrombolysis and antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs, and nursing care to monitor patients and prevent complications.
3. Finally, it briefly discusses meningitis as an inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord often caused by bacteria or viruses.
What you should know about Intracranial pressure
Maintain patent airway and adequate ventilation.
Nursing Interventions:
Independent:
- Assess respiratory status including rate, depth, effort, breath sounds every 15 minutes.
- Monitor oxygen saturation continuously with pulse oximetry.
- Suction as needed based on assessment findings.
Dependent:
- Elevate head of bed 30-45 degrees.
- Provide supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula or mask as ordered.
- Perform endotracheal suctioning or tracheostomy care as ordered.
- Notify physician if respiratory status deteriorates.
- Prepare for intubation or tracheostomy if ordered.
Rationale: Frequent assessment and airway care is
Neurology
This document provides an overview of neurology, including the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, pathophysiology of neurological disorders, general assessment findings for neurological patients, and management of nervous system emergencies. Key topics covered include structure and function of the brain and spinal cord, protective structures of the skull and spine, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, common neurological conditions like stroke and seizures, assessment techniques, and general management principles for neurological emergencies.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and Intensive care
This document discusses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). It covers the definition, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis through sleep studies, and treatment options including CPAP, weight loss interventions, and non-invasive ventilation. It notes that OSA is common in intensive care unit patients and discusses considerations for managing OSA and obesity in the ICU and perioperative settings.
26 USCardio (1).ppt
This document provides guidance on using cardiac ultrasound in emergency medicine. It outlines primary indications such as trauma, hypotension, and pericardial effusions. It describes how to obtain standard cardiac views and identifies abnormalities. Case examples demonstrate how ultrasound can help evaluate causes of hypotension, assess wall motion in cardiac arrest, guide pericardiocentesis, and identify penetrating injuries. The document emphasizes that ultrasound improves outcomes in these critical situations by rapidly diagnosing problems and guiding management.
Cardiac lecture pediatrics fall 2012
The document discusses the assessment and management of various pediatric cardiac conditions, including normal cardiac anatomy and physiology, congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot, and procedures like cardiac catheterization. Nursing interventions for conditions like congestive heart failure focus on managing fluid status, increasing cardiac output, and decreasing oxygen demand. Diagnostic tools include echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, and cardiac catheterizations, which can be used for both diagnosis and interventional procedures.
HIE Birth asphyxia in Neonates
Clinically, more term babies suffered from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) than premature babies. However, pathologically, more premature babies suffered from HIE than term babies. HIE manifests clinically as symptoms of consciousness changes that can be excitatory like seizures or depressing like coma. Treatment of HIE focuses on monitoring, controlling seizures, maintaining circulation and glucose levels, with therapies like hypothermia and investigates like amplitude integrated EEG shown to improve outcomes. The prognosis depends on the severity of brain damage and treatment, with mild cases often having a full recovery but severe cases having a high risk of mortality or neurological sequele like cerebral palsy.
Evaluation & Management Of Child With Arrhythmias
1. The document discusses evaluation and management of pediatric arrhythmias. It defines arrhythmias and classifies them into categories like tachycardia, bradycardia, and irregular rhythms.
2. Causes, symptoms, physical exam findings, and evaluation for different arrhythmias are described. Evaluation involves ECG, holter monitoring, and identifying any underlying structural heart defects or acquired conditions.
3. Management algorithms for bradycardic rhythms like various types of heart block and tachycardic rhythms are provided. Treatment depends on severity and involves supporting circulation, addressing reversible causes, medications, and pacemaker placement if needed.
Cerebrovascular Accident
This document provides an overview of strokes, including:
1) Strokes are caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain and are a leading cause of death and disability in the US.
2) The two main types of strokes are ischemic, caused by blockage of arteries, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain.
3) Warning signs of a stroke include sudden weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, and vision changes. Acting FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) and calling 911 immediately can help reduce stroke damage.
Mark O
This document provides an overview of strokes, including:
1) Strokes are caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain and are a leading cause of death and disability in the US.
2) The two main types of strokes are ischemic, caused by blockage of arteries, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding in the brain.
3) Warning signs of a stroke include sudden weakness, confusion, trouble speaking, or vision changes. Acting FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) and calling 911 immediately can help reduce stroke damage.
Syncope ppt
This document provides an overview of syncope (transient loss of consciousness). It discusses the pathophysiology, typical presentations, differential diagnoses, evaluation and treatment of different syncope types. The main causes discussed are neurally-mediated syncope (the most common), orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac syncope. For evaluation, the document recommends a thorough history, physical exam including orthostatic vital signs and carotid sinus massage in older patients, and tests like ECG, tilt table testing and cardiac monitoring. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, including fluid supplementation, compression stockings and pharmacotherapy for orthostatic hypotension, and pacing for cardiac syncope.
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This document provides an overview of spinal cord anatomy and disorders. It describes the spinal cord's location and functions, including conduction of information between the brain and body, control of locomotion, and reflexes. Anatomically, it details the spinal cord's segments, gray and white matter structures, vascular supply, and coverings. Regarding disorders, it notes that compressive myelopathies can be extradural or intradural, and intrinsic lesions can be intramedullary. Clinical features of spinal cord disorders include patterns of motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction depending on the level and nature of the lesion.
Should we allow natural death?
Acceptance for death has become extremely rare among patients and caregivers. Situation is grave in Indian hospitals.
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a descriptive term for a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by chronic, progressive, bilateral, and usually symmetric ocular motility deficit and ptosis, without pain, proptosis and pupil involvement. Commonly a syndrome of Mitochondrial Cytopathy.
Motivating hospital workers
This document discusses different theories of motivation in the workplace. It covers intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, and equity theory. The document also examines what motivates people in different countries, what employees value in their jobs, and how the 40-hour work week emerged. A key point is that while pleasure, leisure, and happiness are often seen as motivators, a truly happy and motivated person would feel compelled to act due to their nature but remain detached from outcomes and desires.
Brain stem 2014
This document discusses the anatomy and development of the brain stem. It begins with an overview of the three main regions of the brain stem - the medulla, pons, and midbrain. It then examines the development of the brain stem and cranial nerves in the early stages of gestation. The majority of the document focuses on detailed images and descriptions of the gross and microscopic anatomy of structures within the brain stem, including nuclei, tracts, and cranial nerve pathways.
Muscle tone
1) Muscle tone is a state of partial contraction of resting muscle that maintains body posture through continuous motor impulses from reflexes.
2) Muscle spindles are stretch receptors that provide sensory feedback on muscle length and rate of stretch. Their afferents signal to the CNS and regulate motor neuron activity.
3) Spasticity results from loss of supraspinal control over reflexes after upper motor neuron injury, causing velocity-dependent increases in tonic stretch reflexes and impaired voluntary movement.
Cerebellum Anatomy and Physiology
The document provides information about the cerebellum including its anatomical subdivisions, development, functional organization, and connections. It discusses the phylogenetic organization of the spinocerebellum, pontocerebellum, and vestibulocerebellum. It also summarizes the functions of the archicerebellum, paleocerebellum, and neocerebellum as well as cerebellar abnormalities caused by lesions in different areas.
Corticospinal system
The document summarizes research on the organization and function of the motor nervous system and motor cortex. It describes that the primary motor cortex directly controls spinal motor neurons to enable fine movement control. The dorsal premotor cortex contains movement-related neurons that encode sensorimotor transformations for visually and sensory-cued movements. The ventral premotor cortex encodes learned motor acts and fires before movement execution. Long-term practice leads to more extensive representation of movements in the primary motor cortex, demonstrating the adaptability and plasticity of cortical motor areas.
Motor paralysis clinical
This document discusses the motor nervous system and motor paralysis from multiple levels including:
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- The extrapyramidal and pyramidal systems
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- The clinical features and localization of upper and lower motor neuron lesions
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It provides an overview of the organization of the motor system and localization of lesions throughout the nervous system that can result in different clinical motor deficits.
Basal Ganglia Clinical Anatomy Physiology
The document discusses the basal ganglia, including its subdivisions and connections. It describes the basal ganglia's role in voluntary movement, including initiation and control of movement. Disorders of the basal ganglia like Parkinson's disease can cause issues with movement including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Lesion and stimulation studies in animals help explain how abnormalities in basal ganglia circuits lead to motor symptoms.
Myoclonus
This document provides information about myoclonus, which are sudden, shock-like contractions of muscles. It describes different types of myoclonus including focal, cortical, brainstem, spinal, peripheral, multifocal, generalized, essential, and childhood myoclonic epilepsies. Diagnostic tests like EMG and EEG are discussed. Various causes and treatment options are also mentioned.
Athetosis and dystonia
This document discusses athetosis and dystonia. It defines athetosis as irregular, slow writhing movements, often of the extremities and fingers. Dystonia is defined as an abnormal sustained muscle contraction causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. The document describes the clinical presentations and patterns of movement seen in athetosis. It discusses the potential pathophysiology of athetosis involving lesions in the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, and putamen. Causes of athetosis in children and adults are provided. Dystonia is similarly defined and classified. Potential pathology, types, hereditary forms, and secondary causes of dystonia are outlined in detail.
Tic disorder
This document discusses tic disorders, including Tourette Syndrome. It describes the characteristics and symptoms of simple and complex motor and vocal tics. Tourette Syndrome is defined by the presence of multiple motor and vocal tics with onset before age 18 that have been present for over a year. The document discusses the pathophysiology involving dopamine dysfunction and potential genetic and environmental factors. Diagnostic criteria from the Tourette Syndrome Study Group and DSM-IV are provided. Prognosis is noted to be generally good, with marked improvement in tics occurring in late teens to early twenties for most patients.
Chorea and ballismus
1. Chorea is a state of excessive, spontaneous, irregular movements that are randomly distributed and abnormal in character. It can range from mild restlessness to violent disabling movements.
2. Ballismus involves proximal, flinging, violent involuntary movements. Both chorea and ballismus are associated with basal ganglia dysfunction and abnormal neurotransmitter levels like decreased GABA and increased dopamine.
3. Causes of chorea and ballismus include infections, metabolic and endocrine disorders, drugs, trauma, vascular events, tumors, and hereditary conditions like Huntington's disease. Treatment involves reducing dopamine levels with antipsychotics or GABA agonists, as well as surgical procedures like pallidotomy or thalamotomy
Management of Tremor
This document provides information on different types of tremors, including their causes, characteristics, and pathophysiology. It discusses rest tremor seen in Parkinson's disease and other conditions. It also covers postural tremor, physiological tremor, essential tremor, kinetic tremor, and cerebellar intention tremor. For each type of tremor, the summary highlights key details like involved areas of the brain, typical frequencies, symptoms, and potential treatments.
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This document discusses the neurologic manifestations of HIV/AIDS in India. Some key points include:
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- Conditions like progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and myelopathy are relatively rare compared to Western countries.
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Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
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Management of coma and altered sensorium 19.4.01
- 1. Management of Coma and Altered Sensorium
- 34. Thank You