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Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013

The document discusses the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) focus on net zero energy buildings (NZEBs) and details their research methodology, which includes integrated design and advanced construction techniques. NREL aims to create buildings that meet energy needs through renewable sources, employing metrics to guide energy performance and efficiency. A range of projects, strategies, and case studies are presented to showcase successful implementations of NZEBs and the associated cost benefits.

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Shanti Pless, LEED AP NREL, Commercial Buildings Research Group 10/18/2013
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
WHO IS PURSUING NET ZERO ENERGY?
Let’s Review 4 • NREL background • What is Net Zero? • Energy performance based acquisition • Net Zero design • Construction innovation for Net Zero • How is it working? • Additional NREL projects and industry uptake • Questions Maximum Efficiency with Deep Integration
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Snapshot • Leading clean-energy innovation for 34 years • 1740 employees with world-class facilities • Campus is a living model of sustainable energy • Owned by the Department of Energy • Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy • Golden, Colorado Main Campus • Wind Technology Site Only National Laboratory Dedicated Solely to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Scope of Mission Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Systems Integration Market Focus Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Personal and Commercial Vehicles Solar Wind and Water Biomass Hydrogen Geothermal Grid Infrastructure Distributed Energy Interconnection Battery and Thermal Storage Transportation Private Industry Federal Agencies Defense Dept. State/Local Govt. International
What We Do 7 Advanced Commercial Buildings Research, through applied research and demonstration, supports DOE’s speed-and-scale goals to reduce building energy use. Focus areas: • Whole-building systems integration • Comprehensive building energy modeling • Cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies • Systematic performance metrics and monitoring Our team’s key strength lies in combining all these tools to design well-integrated new buildings and cost-effective retrofits.
Net Zero Energy Guiding Concepts • Buildings can meet all of their energy needs from renewable sources • Demand side first, then supply side • Net zero using grid for energy balance • Prioritize renewable energy options • Within Footprint • On-site • Off-site? • Operations goal to align full project delivery • Lots of Room for Interpretation…
Definitions of NZEB’s Net Zero Site Energy Net Zero Source Energy Net Zero Emissions Net Zero Energy Cost Boundaries and metrics ZEB:A – ZEB:D The Definition used WILL impact the ZEB design strategies! http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39833.pdf
NZEB Approach • Maximize space efficiency • Envelope and orientation to reduce loads – Well insulated roofs, walls, floors, windows (with shading) • Envelope and orientation to meet loads – Daylighting – Passive solar heating, Trombe walls – Natural ventilation • Lighting design to match daylighting • Plug loads – Design vs. owner loads • Climate specific HVAC designed for the remaining loads • Commissioning (making sure the building works) • Metering and evaluation • Make it simple • Site specific renewable generation • within footprint, site, off-site
California PUC 2030 ASHRAE Vision 2020 Federal / EISA 2030 Massachusetts 2030 Living Building Challenge 2030 Challenge
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
13 1K-5K 11 5K-10K 10K-25K 25K-50K 50K-100K >100K 19 5 8 4 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
Image courtesy of NREL PIX 13,600 SF Higher Education Oberlin, OH
3,600 SF Interpretive Center Kona, HI
Image courtesy of EHDD Architecture 10,000 SF Office Building San Jose, CA
Image courtesy of inhabitat.com 2,968 SF Higher Education Eureka, MO
Image courtesy of BNIM 6,246 SF Interpretive Center Rhinebeck, NY
220,00 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL
138,000 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL
335,000 SF Office and Shop Buildings Sacramento, CA Image courtesy of RNL and Stantec
Image courtesy of EHDD Architecture and Integral Group 330,000 SF Museum San Francisco, CA
Image courtesy of EHDD Architecture and Integral Group 40,000 SF Office Building Los Altos, CA
Image courtesy of Bullitt Foundation and Miller Hull Partnership 50,000 SF Office Building Seattle WA
40,000 SF Historic Renovation GSA Courthouse Grand Junction, COImage courtesy of GSA, Beck Group and Westlake Reed Leskosky
500,000 SF Office Building Singapore Image courtesy of RNL
32
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
DOE / NREL: Client Haselden Construction: General Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Engineering Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant
NREL Campus 2007 35
Research Support Facility Vision • A showcase for sustainable, high-performance design o Incorporates the best in energy efficiency, environmental performance, and advanced controls using a “whole-building” integrated design process • Serves as a model for cost-competitive, high-performance commercial buildings for the nation’s design construction, operation, and financing communities Credit: RNL
NREL Campus Today 37
NREL Research Support Facilities (RSF)
• More than 800 people in DOE office space on NREL’s campus • 220,000 ft2 • Design/build process with required energy goals • 35 kBtu/ft2 • 50% energy savings • LEED Platinum • Replicable • Process • Technologies • Cost • Site, source, carbon, cost ZEB:B • Includes plugs loads and datacenter • Firm fixed price of ~$64 million for first phase • $259/ft2 construction cost (not including $27/ft2 for PV from PPA/ARRA) • Open first phase June 10, 2010 DOE/NREL Research Support Facility: Project Goals Credit:HaseldenConstruction
NREL Campus Growth with Design-Build Procurement process attributes pre-2007: o Design-bid-build project delivery o LEED-driven sustainability goals Procurement process attributes post-2007: o Design-build project delivery with firm fixed price for >$400 Million of new facilities o Specific energy performance requirements in the Request for Proposal – RSF, office example: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr – SEB, guard house example: net zero energy o Energy modeling required to substantiate goals o Energy end-use metering requirement o Voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure measurement and verification outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance
Owner Best Practices 41 Select a project delivery method that balances performance, best value, and cost savings. • Encourages innovation • Reduces owner’s risk • Faster construction and delivery • Better cost control • Makes optimal use of team members’ expertise • Establishes measurable success criteria
Owner Best Practices 42 Incorporate measureable energy use performance requirements into a performance-based design-build procurement process. • Measurable goals are better • From bad to good… o I want a green building o Design a LEED <rating> building o Design a building to use 30% less energy than ASHRAE 90.1- 2004 o Design a building to use less than 35,000 Btu/ft2 o Design a [NET] ZERO ENERGY BUILDING • Influencing purchasing decision—the owner
Developing a Performance Based Request for Proposals 43 • Up-front planning drives success o Design charrettes o Based on industry best practices o Owner’s representatives • Design challenge o Suite of performance goals to challenge team o Substantiation criteria Tier 1: Mission Critical Goals • Attain safe work/design • LEED Platinum • ENERGY STAR® “Plus” Tier 2: Highly Desirable Goals • 800 staff capacity • 35 kBtu/ft2·yr • Architectural integrity • Honor future staff needs • Measurable ASHRAE 90.1 • Support culture and amenities • Expandable building • Ergonomics • Flexible workspace • Support future technologies • Documentation to produce “how to” manual • Allow secure collaboration with visitors • Completion by 2010 Tier 3: If Possible Goals • Net-zero energy • Most energy-efficient building in the world • LEED Platinum Plus • 50% better than ASHRAE 90.1 • Visual displays of current energy efficiency • Support public tours • Achieve national and global recognition and awards
• Performance based design-build with absolute energy use requirements o These are NOT bridging documents. – Owner has significant input into the preliminary design – Some overlap of A/E costs o These ARE performance specifications. – What something must do, not what it must be – Subcontractor must substantiate that the design meets requirements – Owner must not give the subcontractor technical direction No drawings/plans in RFP! Don’t change your mind 44 Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
A Value Addition Process 46
A value engineering process that adds value 47
How Much Did It Cost? 48 • $259/ft2 construction costs for site work, infrastructure, and building o Includes interiors, furniture, and cabling o Does not include PV, land, or design costs • Third-party-owned power purchase agreement for PV o $29/ft2 or 11% additional cost if NREL had purchased all PV without tax breaks or subsidies (at $5/Watt) o At 2009 PV dollars… o $2.50/Watt installed today!
Compare 49 $201 $215 $240 $246 $247 $253 $254 $259 $259 $266 $266 $271 $273 $275 $281 $284 $288 $291 $293 $298 $308 $311 $316 $318 $326 $354 $369 $371 $384 $393 $412 $418 $442 $460 $503 $521 $530 Heifer International Center - Platinum NVCI Cancer Research - Silver Kitsap County Admin Building - Other RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum The Signature Centre - Platinum Great River Energy Headquarters - Platinum Ft. Carson Brigade/Battalion HQ - Gold RSF - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum International Fund for Animal Welfare - Gold Omega Center - Platinum Chevron Office - Other Bremerton BEQ - Certified University of Denver Sturm College - Gold RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum Naval Facilities Southeast Engineering Operations Center- Other Ft. Lewis Barracks and Dinning - Silver RSF - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum RSF - Total Project Cost without PV - Platinum Dillard University - Gold EPA Region 8 Headquarters - Other Fernald Visitors Center - Platinum Commerce City Civic Center - Silver Leo Trombatore Office - Silver Arizona State University School of Journalism - Silver Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health - Gold Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Other Leprino Building - Other San Joaquin Admin Building - Gold 1800 Larimer - Platinum Las Cruces Courthouse - Other NASA Sustainability Base - Platinum Applied Research & Development - Platinum Aircraft RSF - Silver National Association of Realtors - Silver Fort Bragg Forces Command HQ - Gold San Joaquin Comm. College - Other DC Federal Building - Other Data used by permission from the Design-Build project database hosted by DBIA at www.dbia.org
• Firm fixed price with required energy goals in design- build contract • Integrated architecture and envelope as efficiency measures • Simple and commercially viable • No unique technologies required • Modular precast wall panels with minimal finishes • Optimized glazing area • Repeatable office floorplate • Takes a coordinated effort with the owner (and all user groups), architect, builder, and engineers 50 Replicable – Cost Control Review
n Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Floor Plans Credit: RNL
1 60 ft. Wide Office Wings 2 Interior Thermal Mass 3 Thermal Labyrinth 4 Daylighting 5 Natural Ventilation 6 Low Window to Wall Ratio 7 Transpired Solar Collectors 8 Open Workplace 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Energy driven form 115,000 SF Conventional form 65,000 SF
58 Thermal Mass in Envelope • Incorporates many passive heating and cooling techniques. • Six inches of concrete on the interior provides thermal mass that helps moderate internal temperatures year round. • Nighttime purges in summer months trap cool air inside, keeping temperatures comfortable for the warm summer days.
<30% Window to Wall Ratio >70% Window to Wall Ratio
Daylighting and Direct Gain
63 • Daylight re-directed to cold ceiling • No direct solar gain on occupants • 47% savings in plug loads • 0.40 W/ft2 peak office equipment Daylighting and Internal Gain Reductions
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
HVAC Systems •Radiant space heating and cooling in office spaces •Dedicated outdoor air with underfloor delivery •VAV and Displacement Cooling in conference spaces •Natural ventilation • Automatic and manual windows • Security waiver
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Construction Innovation 76 5 days per deck allowed – 2 days per deck – 85% faster Offsite pre-fab of zones Offsite pre-pressurized
77 RSF Addition
78 RSF Addition • 138,000 sq. ft. • 525 occupants • $39 million expansion • Building 17% more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% • $14/ft2 cheaper
Off-Site Glazed Wall Panels 79
RSF Addition Daylighting Enhancements
User Friendly Windows
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Photovoltaics •PV contractor involved with installation •Installation technique improvements •Standing Seam Roof C-Wing PV RSF Addition PV RSF PV
PRODUCTIVITY Please estimate how your productivity is increased or decreased by the environmental conditions in this building (e.g., thermal, lighting, acoustics, cleanliness): 76% of the respondents felt that their productivity was improved by the IEQ conditions in the building Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
SAVE A SEAT FOR YOUR DESIGN- BUILD TEAM?
89 World Class Efficiency is Possible within our Construction Budgets! • Spend the time to get RFP right • Include absolute EUI requirements if possible • Set up acquisition process to “force” integrated design • Energy modeling guides conceptual design decisions • Architecture and envelope are also efficiency measures • Unwavering commitment to problem statement • Unleash power of design/build team of experts to meet your needs – true value engineering • Commit to your objectives and don’t adjust Process for Replication at Scale
DOE/NREL Research Support Facility RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 50% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr • Net zero energy use • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • Net zero energy use • 36 .4 kBtu/ft2/yr • Demonstration of max efficiency in an institutional office building on typical construction budgets using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • $259/sqft construction costs – $250/sqft - $300/sqft typical
DOE/NREL RSF 3rd Wing RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 27 kBtu/ft2/yr • 50% Energy Cost Savings • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured • Demonstration of additional cost savings, energy efficiency, and schedule gains over phase 1 • 17 % more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2 cheaper)
DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage Design/Build Requirements: • 0.5 kBtu/ft2 • 175 kBtu/stall • Net-zero energy Site Entrance Building Design/Build Results: • 90% Energy cost savings • 138 kBtu/parking stall • $14,172 per parking space • $15,500 to $24,500 for typical parking space in Denver area
DOE/NREL Cafeteria RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 35% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • Best in class commercial kitchen equipment • Performance assurance plan with incentives • LEED Gold Design/Build Results: • 36% energy savings • Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • LEED Platinum
DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility Design/Build Requirements: • 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing • 1.06 PUE Super computer • No mechanical cooling • Waste heat reuse • 30% savings for all labs Design/Build Results: • 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing • World class efficient super computer • 36% savings in labs
Influencing New High Performance Buildings 96 "It may sound corny, but after seeing the RSF, it really was the first day of the second half of my career. I saw the integration at RSF, the total comprehensive thinking, and thought, 'I've got to get involved in a project that's going in this direction.'” — Kenner Kingston Director of Sustainability for ARCHITECTURAL NEXUS, INC. Designing an administrative office space in the area of Salt Lake City, Utah. "We've had quite a bit of input from NREL, and my visit to the RSF showed me the opportunities to be deeply energy efficient. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority is partnering with us and contributing funding to the design effort.” — Robert R. Bland Senior director for energy and sustainability with Cornell University "It was very impressive, the degree to which NREL is monitoring the things that people are doing on their side of the plugs. We'd known that we could do dramatic things with efficient refrigerators, dishwashers, and lighting, but the fact that NREL was paying so much attention to the real work side of the house — the computers, monitors, printers, and task lights — caused us to go back and look at our IT really carefully.” — Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation President Credit: Dennis Schroeder Courtesy of Kilograph 2012 Credit: Dennis Schroeder, 19911
Final Thoughts… • Net zero energy • Easy to understand • Important to define • Evolving industry • Small to large • Varied value justification • Energy security • Market leadership • Mission alignment • Federal and state requirements • LEED Platinum PLUS net zero energy?
Thanks and Questions Shanti Pless Shanti.pless@nrel.gov www.nrel.gov/rsf 98

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NREL’s Research Support Facility: Making Plug Loads Count
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Energy Exchange 2015 Track 3 session 3: High Performance Buildings Operations
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Occupant Engaged - A ZEB control concept for engaging occupants
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Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013

  • 1.
    Shanti Pless, LEEDAP NREL, Commercial Buildings Research Group 10/18/2013
  • 2.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 3.
    WHO IS PURSUING NETZERO ENERGY?
  • 4.
    Let’s Review 4 • NRELbackground • What is Net Zero? • Energy performance based acquisition • Net Zero design • Construction innovation for Net Zero • How is it working? • Additional NREL projects and industry uptake • Questions Maximum Efficiency with Deep Integration
  • 5.
    National Renewable EnergyLaboratory Snapshot • Leading clean-energy innovation for 34 years • 1740 employees with world-class facilities • Campus is a living model of sustainable energy • Owned by the Department of Energy • Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy • Golden, Colorado Main Campus • Wind Technology Site Only National Laboratory Dedicated Solely to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
  • 6.
    Scope of Mission EnergyEfficiency Renewable Energy Systems Integration Market Focus Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Personal and Commercial Vehicles Solar Wind and Water Biomass Hydrogen Geothermal Grid Infrastructure Distributed Energy Interconnection Battery and Thermal Storage Transportation Private Industry Federal Agencies Defense Dept. State/Local Govt. International
  • 7.
    What We Do 7 AdvancedCommercial Buildings Research, through applied research and demonstration, supports DOE’s speed-and-scale goals to reduce building energy use. Focus areas: • Whole-building systems integration • Comprehensive building energy modeling • Cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies • Systematic performance metrics and monitoring Our team’s key strength lies in combining all these tools to design well-integrated new buildings and cost-effective retrofits.
  • 8.
    Net Zero EnergyGuiding Concepts • Buildings can meet all of their energy needs from renewable sources • Demand side first, then supply side • Net zero using grid for energy balance • Prioritize renewable energy options • Within Footprint • On-site • Off-site? • Operations goal to align full project delivery • Lots of Room for Interpretation…
  • 10.
    Definitions of NZEB’s NetZero Site Energy Net Zero Source Energy Net Zero Emissions Net Zero Energy Cost Boundaries and metrics ZEB:A – ZEB:D The Definition used WILL impact the ZEB design strategies! http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39833.pdf
  • 11.
    NZEB Approach • Maximizespace efficiency • Envelope and orientation to reduce loads – Well insulated roofs, walls, floors, windows (with shading) • Envelope and orientation to meet loads – Daylighting – Passive solar heating, Trombe walls – Natural ventilation • Lighting design to match daylighting • Plug loads – Design vs. owner loads • Climate specific HVAC designed for the remaining loads • Commissioning (making sure the building works) • Metering and evaluation • Make it simple • Site specific renewable generation • within footprint, site, off-site
  • 13.
    California PUC 2030 ASHRAEVision 2020 Federal / EISA 2030 Massachusetts 2030 Living Building Challenge 2030 Challenge
  • 14.
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 NewBuildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
  • 15.
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 NewBuildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
  • 16.
    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 NewBuildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
  • 17.
    13 1K-5K 11 5K-10K 10K-25K 25K-50K 50K-100K>100K 19 5 8 4 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)
  • 18.
    Image courtesy ofNREL PIX 13,600 SF Higher Education Oberlin, OH
  • 19.
  • 20.
    Image courtesy ofEHDD Architecture 10,000 SF Office Building San Jose, CA
  • 21.
    Image courtesy ofinhabitat.com 2,968 SF Higher Education Eureka, MO
  • 22.
    Image courtesy ofBNIM 6,246 SF Interpretive Center Rhinebeck, NY
  • 24.
    220,00 SF Office Building Golden,CO Image courtesy of RNL
  • 25.
    138,000 SF Office Building Golden,CO Image courtesy of RNL
  • 26.
    335,000 SF Office andShop Buildings Sacramento, CA Image courtesy of RNL and Stantec
  • 27.
    Image courtesy ofEHDD Architecture and Integral Group 330,000 SF Museum San Francisco, CA
  • 28.
    Image courtesy ofEHDD Architecture and Integral Group 40,000 SF Office Building Los Altos, CA
  • 29.
    Image courtesy ofBullitt Foundation and Miller Hull Partnership 50,000 SF Office Building Seattle WA
  • 30.
    40,000 SF Historic Renovation GSACourthouse Grand Junction, COImage courtesy of GSA, Beck Group and Westlake Reed Leskosky
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 34.
    DOE / NREL:Client Haselden Construction: General Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Engineering Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant
  • 35.
  • 36.
    Research Support FacilityVision • A showcase for sustainable, high-performance design o Incorporates the best in energy efficiency, environmental performance, and advanced controls using a “whole-building” integrated design process • Serves as a model for cost-competitive, high-performance commercial buildings for the nation’s design construction, operation, and financing communities Credit: RNL
  • 37.
  • 38.
    NREL Research SupportFacilities (RSF)
  • 39.
    • More than800 people in DOE office space on NREL’s campus • 220,000 ft2 • Design/build process with required energy goals • 35 kBtu/ft2 • 50% energy savings • LEED Platinum • Replicable • Process • Technologies • Cost • Site, source, carbon, cost ZEB:B • Includes plugs loads and datacenter • Firm fixed price of ~$64 million for first phase • $259/ft2 construction cost (not including $27/ft2 for PV from PPA/ARRA) • Open first phase June 10, 2010 DOE/NREL Research Support Facility: Project Goals Credit:HaseldenConstruction
  • 40.
    NREL Campus Growthwith Design-Build Procurement process attributes pre-2007: o Design-bid-build project delivery o LEED-driven sustainability goals Procurement process attributes post-2007: o Design-build project delivery with firm fixed price for >$400 Million of new facilities o Specific energy performance requirements in the Request for Proposal – RSF, office example: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr – SEB, guard house example: net zero energy o Energy modeling required to substantiate goals o Energy end-use metering requirement o Voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure measurement and verification outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance
  • 41.
    Owner Best Practices 41 Selecta project delivery method that balances performance, best value, and cost savings. • Encourages innovation • Reduces owner’s risk • Faster construction and delivery • Better cost control • Makes optimal use of team members’ expertise • Establishes measurable success criteria
  • 42.
    Owner Best Practices 42 Incorporatemeasureable energy use performance requirements into a performance-based design-build procurement process. • Measurable goals are better • From bad to good… o I want a green building o Design a LEED <rating> building o Design a building to use 30% less energy than ASHRAE 90.1- 2004 o Design a building to use less than 35,000 Btu/ft2 o Design a [NET] ZERO ENERGY BUILDING • Influencing purchasing decision—the owner
  • 43.
    Developing a PerformanceBased Request for Proposals 43 • Up-front planning drives success o Design charrettes o Based on industry best practices o Owner’s representatives • Design challenge o Suite of performance goals to challenge team o Substantiation criteria Tier 1: Mission Critical Goals • Attain safe work/design • LEED Platinum • ENERGY STAR® “Plus” Tier 2: Highly Desirable Goals • 800 staff capacity • 35 kBtu/ft2·yr • Architectural integrity • Honor future staff needs • Measurable ASHRAE 90.1 • Support culture and amenities • Expandable building • Ergonomics • Flexible workspace • Support future technologies • Documentation to produce “how to” manual • Allow secure collaboration with visitors • Completion by 2010 Tier 3: If Possible Goals • Net-zero energy • Most energy-efficient building in the world • LEED Platinum Plus • 50% better than ASHRAE 90.1 • Visual displays of current energy efficiency • Support public tours • Achieve national and global recognition and awards
  • 44.
    • Performance baseddesign-build with absolute energy use requirements o These are NOT bridging documents. – Owner has significant input into the preliminary design – Some overlap of A/E costs o These ARE performance specifications. – What something must do, not what it must be – Subcontractor must substantiate that the design meets requirements – Owner must not give the subcontractor technical direction No drawings/plans in RFP! Don’t change your mind 44 Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process
  • 45.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 46.
    A Value AdditionProcess 46
  • 47.
    A value engineeringprocess that adds value 47
  • 48.
    How Much DidIt Cost? 48 • $259/ft2 construction costs for site work, infrastructure, and building o Includes interiors, furniture, and cabling o Does not include PV, land, or design costs • Third-party-owned power purchase agreement for PV o $29/ft2 or 11% additional cost if NREL had purchased all PV without tax breaks or subsidies (at $5/Watt) o At 2009 PV dollars… o $2.50/Watt installed today!
  • 49.
    Compare 49 $201 $215 $240 $246 $247 $253 $254 $259 $259 $266 $266 $271 $273 $275 $281 $284 $288 $291 $293 $298 $308 $311 $316 $318 $326 $354 $369 $371 $384 $393 $412 $418 $442 $460 $503 $521 $530 Heifer International Center- Platinum NVCI Cancer Research - Silver Kitsap County Admin Building - Other RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum The Signature Centre - Platinum Great River Energy Headquarters - Platinum Ft. Carson Brigade/Battalion HQ - Gold RSF - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum International Fund for Animal Welfare - Gold Omega Center - Platinum Chevron Office - Other Bremerton BEQ - Certified University of Denver Sturm College - Gold RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum Naval Facilities Southeast Engineering Operations Center- Other Ft. Lewis Barracks and Dinning - Silver RSF - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum RSF - Total Project Cost without PV - Platinum Dillard University - Gold EPA Region 8 Headquarters - Other Fernald Visitors Center - Platinum Commerce City Civic Center - Silver Leo Trombatore Office - Silver Arizona State University School of Journalism - Silver Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health - Gold Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Other Leprino Building - Other San Joaquin Admin Building - Gold 1800 Larimer - Platinum Las Cruces Courthouse - Other NASA Sustainability Base - Platinum Applied Research & Development - Platinum Aircraft RSF - Silver National Association of Realtors - Silver Fort Bragg Forces Command HQ - Gold San Joaquin Comm. College - Other DC Federal Building - Other Data used by permission from the Design-Build project database hosted by DBIA at www.dbia.org
  • 50.
    • Firm fixedprice with required energy goals in design- build contract • Integrated architecture and envelope as efficiency measures • Simple and commercially viable • No unique technologies required • Modular precast wall panels with minimal finishes • Optimized glazing area • Repeatable office floorplate • Takes a coordinated effort with the owner (and all user groups), architect, builder, and engineers 50 Replicable – Cost Control Review
  • 51.
    n Level 1 Level 2 Level3 Level 4 Floor Plans Credit: RNL
  • 54.
    1 60 ft.Wide Office Wings 2 Interior Thermal Mass 3 Thermal Labyrinth 4 Daylighting 5 Natural Ventilation 6 Low Window to Wall Ratio 7 Transpired Solar Collectors 8 Open Workplace 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
  • 57.
    Energy driven form 115,000SF Conventional form 65,000 SF
  • 58.
    58 Thermal Mass inEnvelope • Incorporates many passive heating and cooling techniques. • Six inches of concrete on the interior provides thermal mass that helps moderate internal temperatures year round. • Nighttime purges in summer months trap cool air inside, keeping temperatures comfortable for the warm summer days.
  • 60.
    <30% Window to WallRatio >70% Window to Wall Ratio
  • 62.
  • 63.
    63 • Daylight re-directedto cold ceiling • No direct solar gain on occupants • 47% savings in plug loads • 0.40 W/ft2 peak office equipment Daylighting and Internal Gain Reductions
  • 64.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 65.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 66.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 73.
    HVAC Systems •Radiant spaceheating and cooling in office spaces •Dedicated outdoor air with underfloor delivery •VAV and Displacement Cooling in conference spaces •Natural ventilation • Automatic and manual windows • Security waiver
  • 74.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 75.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 76.
    Construction Innovation 76 5 daysper deck allowed – 2 days per deck – 85% faster Offsite pre-fab of zones Offsite pre-pressurized
  • 77.
  • 78.
    78 RSF Addition • 138,000sq. ft. • 525 occupants • $39 million expansion • Building 17% more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% • $14/ft2 cheaper
  • 79.
  • 81.
  • 82.
  • 83.
    NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
  • 84.
    Photovoltaics •PV contractor involvedwith installation •Installation technique improvements •Standing Seam Roof C-Wing PV RSF Addition PV RSF PV
  • 85.
    PRODUCTIVITY Please estimate howyour productivity is increased or decreased by the environmental conditions in this building (e.g., thermal, lighting, acoustics, cleanliness): 76% of the respondents felt that their productivity was improved by the IEQ conditions in the building Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
  • 86.
  • 88.
    SAVE A SEATFOR YOUR DESIGN- BUILD TEAM?
  • 89.
    89 World Class Efficiencyis Possible within our Construction Budgets! • Spend the time to get RFP right • Include absolute EUI requirements if possible • Set up acquisition process to “force” integrated design • Energy modeling guides conceptual design decisions • Architecture and envelope are also efficiency measures • Unwavering commitment to problem statement • Unleash power of design/build team of experts to meet your needs – true value engineering • Commit to your objectives and don’t adjust Process for Replication at Scale
  • 91.
    DOE/NREL Research SupportFacility RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 50% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr • Net zero energy use • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • Net zero energy use • 36 .4 kBtu/ft2/yr • Demonstration of max efficiency in an institutional office building on typical construction budgets using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • $259/sqft construction costs – $250/sqft - $300/sqft typical
  • 92.
    DOE/NREL RSF 3rdWing RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 27 kBtu/ft2/yr • 50% Energy Cost Savings • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured • Demonstration of additional cost savings, energy efficiency, and schedule gains over phase 1 • 17 % more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2 cheaper)
  • 93.
    DOE/NREL 1800 CarStaff Parking Garage Design/Build Requirements: • 0.5 kBtu/ft2 • 175 kBtu/stall • Net-zero energy Site Entrance Building Design/Build Results: • 90% Energy cost savings • 138 kBtu/parking stall • $14,172 per parking space • $15,500 to $24,500 for typical parking space in Denver area
  • 94.
    DOE/NREL Cafeteria RFP Design/BuildRequirements: • 35% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • Best in class commercial kitchen equipment • Performance assurance plan with incentives • LEED Gold Design/Build Results: • 36% energy savings • Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • LEED Platinum
  • 95.
    DOE/NREL Energy SystemsIntegration Facility Design/Build Requirements: • 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing • 1.06 PUE Super computer • No mechanical cooling • Waste heat reuse • 30% savings for all labs Design/Build Results: • 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing • World class efficient super computer • 36% savings in labs
  • 96.
    Influencing New HighPerformance Buildings 96 "It may sound corny, but after seeing the RSF, it really was the first day of the second half of my career. I saw the integration at RSF, the total comprehensive thinking, and thought, 'I've got to get involved in a project that's going in this direction.'” — Kenner Kingston Director of Sustainability for ARCHITECTURAL NEXUS, INC. Designing an administrative office space in the area of Salt Lake City, Utah. "We've had quite a bit of input from NREL, and my visit to the RSF showed me the opportunities to be deeply energy efficient. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority is partnering with us and contributing funding to the design effort.” — Robert R. Bland Senior director for energy and sustainability with Cornell University "It was very impressive, the degree to which NREL is monitoring the things that people are doing on their side of the plugs. We'd known that we could do dramatic things with efficient refrigerators, dishwashers, and lighting, but the fact that NREL was paying so much attention to the real work side of the house — the computers, monitors, printers, and task lights — caused us to go back and look at our IT really carefully.” — Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation President Credit: Dennis Schroeder Courtesy of Kilograph 2012 Credit: Dennis Schroeder, 19911
  • 97.
    Final Thoughts… • Netzero energy • Easy to understand • Important to define • Evolving industry • Small to large • Varied value justification • Energy security • Market leadership • Mission alignment • Federal and state requirements • LEED Platinum PLUS net zero energy?
  • 98.
    Thanks and Questions ShantiPless Shanti.pless@nrel.gov www.nrel.gov/rsf 98