Downloaded 47 times
Uploaded byShanti Pless
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) focuses on advanced energy efficiency research for commercial buildings, aiming for 50% energy savings in new and retrofit projects by 2030. Key strategic areas include integrated design, real performance demonstration, and development of industry resources to facilitate ultra-efficient systems. NREL collaborates with various partners to implement energy modeling and performance verification, while providing tools and resources to optimize energy efficiency across the built environment.
More Related Content
Similar to NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote
- 1. NREL is anational laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Energy Efficiency Research in NREL’s Commercial Buildings Research Group 6/24/13 Keynote 1: Research Summit ASHRAE Annual Conference www.nrel.gov/rsf Shanti Pless Senior Research Engineer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- 2. Let’s Review 2 • CommercialBuildings Research Sections • Research in Action • Energy use intensity procurement • AEDGs • CBPs • Real Performance/Real Buildings • Energy Systems Integration
- 3. What We Do 3 AdvancedCommercial Buildings Research, through applied research and demonstration, supports DOE’s speed-and-scale goals to reduce building energy use. Focus areas: • Whole-building systems integration • Comprehensive building energy modeling • Cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies • Systematic performance metrics and monitoring Our team’s key strength lies in combining all these tools to design well-integrated new buildings and cost-effective retrofits.
- 4. Vision: All newbuildings and major retrofits achieve 50% energy savings by 2030 in support of the Architecture 2030 challenge and EISA 2007 Fundamentals & Technology Tools NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy Whole Building Integration Development Validation Catalyze Deployment
- 5. Fundamentals & Technology Tools NREL Mission:Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy Vision: All new buildings and major retrofits achieve 50% energy savings by 2030 in support of the Architecture 2030 challenge and EISA 2007 Whole Building Integration Commercialization AEDGs Case Studies Design Process Procurement Process Web Resources Tools for Market Case Studies ESTCP GPG Lab Testing Field Testing New Technologies Foundational Data Sector Analysis Tool Development Development Validation Catalyze Deployment
- 6. Strategic Area 1:Integrated Design: Develop innovative design and acquisition processes for Whole Building System and subsystem optimization Strategic Area 2: Real Performance in Real Buildings: Demonstrate how market viable 50% savings can be achieved in real buildings through innovative business plans, advanced modeling tools, and robust performance verification research. Strategic Area 3: Industry Resources: Develop industry and owner relevant Best Practices and Advanced Guidance to implement and deploy ultra-efficient building systems in high performance new construction and deep retrofit projects Strategic Area 4: Net Zero Energy Ready Buildings: Perform applied research to demonstrate how to reach net zero energy buildings through the integration of maximum achievable efficiency and on-site renewables Strategic Area 5: Advanced Technology Integration and Demonstration: Demonstrate real performance in advanced efficiency technologies such as plug loads, integrated lighting systems, integrated hydronic HVAC, and integrated refrigeration systems. NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy Whole Building Integration Mission: Develop and demonstrate integrated high performance and Net Zero Energy Ready buildings using advanced design, technologies and tools. Fundamentals & Tech Mission: Provide innovative energy efficient solutions, trusted analysis, and accurate performance assessment resources to advance the design, adoption, and operation of energy- efficient systems in the built environment. Tools Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily assess the energy impacts of alternatives at every stage of planning and procurement for the built environment.
- 7. DOE/NREL Research SupportFacility RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 50% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr • Net zero energy use • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • Net zero energy use • 36 .4 kBtu/ft2/yr • Demonstration of max efficiency in an institutional office building on typical construction budgets using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • $259/sqft construction costs – $250/sqft - $300/sqft typical
- 8. DOE/NREL RSF 3rdWing RFP Design/Build Requirements: • 27 kBtu/ft2/yr • 50% Energy Cost Savings • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured • Demonstration of additional cost savings, energy efficiency, and schedule gains over phase 1 • 17 % more efficient than the RSF • Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2 cheaper)
- 9. DOE/NREL 1800 CarStaff Parking Garage Design/Build Requirements: • 0.5 kBtu/ft2 • 175 kBtu/stall • Net-zero energy Site Entrance Building Design/Build Results: • 90% Energy cost savings • 138 kBtu/parking stall • $14,172 per parking space • $15,500 to $24,500 for typical parking space in Denver area
- 10. DOE/NREL Cafeteria RFP Design/BuildRequirements: • 35% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 • Best in class commercial kitchen equipment • Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: • 36% energy savings • Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods • Continuous improvement requirements in vendor contract to ensure performance assurance
- 11. DOE/NREL Energy SystemsIntegration Facility Design/Build Requirements: • 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing • 1.06 PUE Super computer • No mechanical cooling • Waste heat reuse • 30% savings for all labs Design/Build Results: • 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing • World class efficient super computer • 36% savings in labs
- 12.
- 13.
- 14. Influencing New HighPerformance Buildings 14 "It may sound corny, but after seeing the RSF, it really was the first day of the second half of my career. I saw the integration at RSF, the total comprehensive thinking, and thought, 'I've got to get involved in a project that's going in this direction.'” — Kenner Kingston Director of Sustainability for ARCHITECTURAL NEXUS, INC. Designing an administrative office space in the area of Salt Lake City, Utah. "We've had quite a bit of input from NREL, and my visit to the RSF showed me the opportunities to be deeply energy efficient. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority is partnering with us and contributing funding to the design effort.” — Robert R. Bland Senior director for energy and sustainability with Cornell University "It was very impressive, the degree to which NREL is monitoring the things that people are doing on their side of the plugs. We'd known that we could do dramatic things with efficient refrigerators, dishwashers, and lighting, but the fact that NREL was paying so much attention to the real work side of the house — the computers, monitors, printers, and task lights — caused us to go back and look at our IT really carefully.” — Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation President Credit: Dennis Schroeder Courtesy of Kilograph 2012 Credit: Dennis Schroeder, 19911
- 15. 15 World Class Efficiencyis Possible within our Construction Budgets! • Spend the time to get RFP right • Include absolute EUI requirements if possible • Set up acquisition process to “force” integrated design • Energy modeling guides conceptual design decisions • Architecture and envelope are also efficiency measures • Unwavering commitment to problem statement • Unleash power of design/build team of experts to meet your needs – true value engineering • Commit to your objectives and don’t adjust Process for Replication at Scale
- 16. Process for Replicationat Scale • Evolved from component-based goals to building-wide goals • Design-build procurement process with energy goals in the RFP • Based on energy models updated for as-built conditions • Superior performance voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure M+V outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance • Design energy use intensity requirements CAN be met in operations • Each project has end use metering and public displays of energy performance as part of contractual performance requirements
- 17. Energy Performance-Based Procurement BackgroundMaterials • Summary Documents • Foundational Documents • How-To Documents • Results Documents on Integrated Design Team, Architects, Owners, and Building Occupants
- 18.
- 19. RSF Demonstration: MovingResearch to Market Follow-on Research and Deployment • Procurement Training and How-to Guide • Ft. Carson Net Zero support • Dashboard Enhancements • Building Occupant Agent • CU-Boulder Nat Ventilation • NASA Facilities Workshop and Net Zero Roadmap Market Tools and Resources • BBA Webinars on Cost Control and Plug Loads • Datacenter Best Practices • Plug Load Control Strategies • Review for Replication Industry Workshop • www.nrel.gov/rsf Market Uptake and Influences • SMUD net zero Operation Facility • GSA Net Zero Courthouse Retrofit • SLAC Visitor and Conference Center • Salt Lake City net zero District Attorney Offices • Cornell NYC net zero Tech Campus RSF Procurement and Design RSF Net Zero Energy Operations Net Zero Energy Implementation Manager 1. Design and Commission Metering and Display 2. Verify Measured Performance 3. Coach Occupants, Operators, and IT/Datacenter managers on efficiency strategies Background Research as Foundation • Model driven design process • Metering of high performance projects • Integrated design processes • ZEB Definitions Commercial Buildings Inputs to RSF • Goal setting using Optimization tools • RFP Energy specifications • Plug Load baseline and efficiency strategy • Datacenter heat recovery and cooling • Design and Substantiation review • Efficiency champion on Owner’s Integrated Project Team • Development and implementation of Occupant ENGAGED control and system philosophy Large Scale Net Zero Energy Demonstration
- 20. Advanced Energy DesignGuides 30% guides o Small office buildings o Small retail buildings o K-12 school buildings o Small warehouse and self- storage buildings o Highway lodgings o Small hospitals and healthcare facilities 50% guides o Small to medium office (SMO) buildings o K-12 school buildings o Medium to big box retail (MBR) buildings o Large hospitals (LH)
- 21. What Is anAEDG? Developed in collaboration with ASHRAE, AIA, IES, USGBC, DOE Two series: o Original series targeted 30% savings over 90.1- 1999 o Current series targets 50% savings over 90.1-2004 Educational guidance—not a code or standard Available for free as a PDF download from www.ashrae.org/freeaedg
- 22. AEDG Path toMarket BBC BBA Greensburg New Orleans AEDGs influence the market through multiple paths Building Codes Training Industry Adoption Webinars YEA Standard 90.1 LEED Standard 189 Market Architects Designers Engineers Contractors Owners Market Assessment Report >500,000 in Circulation Results Owners’ RFPs
- 23. Advanced Energy RetrofitGuides
- 24. Advanced Energy Design Guides Provideprescriptive energy savings guidance and recommendations by building type and geographic location: Design packages and strategies to help owners and designers achieve 50% site energy savings over Standard 90.1 Two series: – 30% savings over 90.1-1999 – 50% savings over 90.1-2004 Educational guidance to enable high-performance design beyond minimum code requirements Developed in collaboration with ASHRAE, AIA, IES, USGBC, DOE and National Labs Available as a free download from www.ashrae.org/freeaedg Advanced Energy Retrofit Guides Provide commercial building energy managers with comprehensive guidance for planning and executing successful retrofit projects: Objective discussion of retrofit measures that should be considered: – Building type – Level of energy savings / depth of retrofit – Climate region Methods for calculating complex, multi-year cash flows in support of a strong business case Sample analysis and recommended packages Developed in collaboration with E Source, RMI, NAESCO, PECI, DOE Available as a free download from www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/aerg.html AEDG and AERG
- 25. DOE national labs(NREL /PNNL/LBNL) teamed with 35 companies to: – Retrofit at least one existing building at 30% less energy – Build one new building at 50% less energy than Standard 90.1 Labs provide support with advanced life cycle analysis tools, performance verification, and business case development to biggest names in retail, commercial real estate, and financial sectors Companies from the private sector working with national laboratories to achieve significant, unprecedented building energy savings. Commercial Building Partnerships: Partnering for Speed and Scale Bank of America ProLogis ForestCity Simon IHG Tishman Speyer Kohl‘s Whole Foods PNC CBRE Ryan Hines Target John Deere Westfield Opus Best Buy Regency Centers Hilton SuperValue JCPenney Toyota Macy's Commercial Building Partnerships
- 26. CBP Case Studies Concise,consistent, and comparable for portfolio and sector replication Focus on savings, decision making, lessons learned Connected by Sector Overview documents
- 27. Replication with CBP AEDG/AERG CBP (+direct impact through CBP participation and resources) Broader Design Community - Validation - Case studies - Best Practices - EEM Packages -Integrated Design -Advanced analysis Participation and review - EEM Packages - How-to details - Code impact Commercial Sector 80 Bsf CBP Pilots 5 Msf Better Building Alliances 8 Bsf Partner Portfolios 3 Bsf
- 28. NREL Mission: Enabledecision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy Whole Building Integration Mission: Develop and demonstrate integrated high performance and Net Zero Energy buildings using advanced design, technologies and tools. Tools Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily assess the energy impacts of alternatives at every stage of planning and procurement for the built environment Strategic Area 1: Create and extend DOE’s building energy modeling middleware (OpenStudio) to enable rapid and consistent development of desktop and web applications for impactful building energy analysis Strategic Area 2: Create and populate a standard database (BCL) for reusable building energy modeling components and measures that integrate with applications for highly efficient and repeatable analysis Strategic Area 3: Create and market comprehensive workflows, applications, and training materials for effective design and retrofit tools (OpenStudio tool suite, simuwatt, Asset Rating Calculator, VirtualPULSE, Xcel Design Assistance, etc.) Strategic Area 4: Conveniently incorporate measured data with simulation by automating calibration, validation, and inverse-modeling Strategic Area 5: Enable and establish procedural mass simulation along with user interfaces for preliminary design assistance, asset rating, and sector analysis Fundamentals & Tech Mission: Provide innovative energy efficient solutions, trusted analysis, and accurate performance assessment resources to advance the design, adoption, and operation of energy- efficient systems in the built environment.
- 29. What is OpenStudio? Utility Focused WebTools Easy-to Use Tools for Practitioners Enabling Analysis for Emerging Technologies EnergyPlus OpenStudio Software Development Kit (SDK) BroadMarketPenetration User ExpertiseExperts Beginners RadianceEngines Other Engines simuwatt Mobile Auditing Tool “Operating System” Sample Applications An open source platform to enable rapid development of building energy modeling and analysis capability for market facing purposes
- 30. Data Sources Baseline Building Energy Models Automated Modelingfrom Mined Data • OpenStudio enables: • modeling using multiple data sources, • rigorous portfolio assessment, and • detailed analysis of retrofit measures for each building GIS BCL Customer Records Public Records Meter Data Portfolio Performance Analysis Specific Recommend- ations Automated Tuning From Meter Data
- 31. EE Program EE Program EEProgram ROI, Energy Savings, etc. ROI, Energy Savings, etc. ROI, Energy Savings, etc. 1 2 n 1 2 n Customer Cost Hurdle + + + Optimized Incentives ✔ ✔ ✗ Approach to Incentive Program Design Program measures are applied to tuned model of a customer building Energy savings, simple payback, and more are calculated from an energy simulation Repeat Across Portfolio Ranked and Optimized Marketing Strategy for Specific Customer Calculate incentive required to overcome individual customer hurdle rate Ranked, customer- specific marketing strategy . . . . . . Tuned Model
- 32. Energy Design AssistanceProgram Tracker (EDAPT) • Problem: Reduce cost of Xcel’s EDA program, while maintaining quality as additional energy consultants are engaged • Solution: – EDAPT web service tracks projects, manages data and communications, and reports program-wide outcomes – OpenStudio and BCL are expanded to include automated quality and EDA protocol checking – EDAPT connects high level project data with model outcomes to streamline reporting • Planned for Launch in June 2013
- 33. A New Approachto Auditing and PV Assessment & Design Key Goals – Reduce cost of level 3 audits below level 1 or 2 – Produce higher quality, more consistent audits with greater residual value • Not simply a report that prescribes actions and quantifies savings • Data and models aggregate and can be reused for further cost reduction in EISA 2007 compliance, portfolio assessment, etc. Procedural Modeling OpenStudio and Building Component Library (BCL) Analysis of Baseline and Energy Conservation Measures Software Guided Audit Workflow on Tablet
- 34. Informatics for NetZero Performance Assurance Visualizing Energy Use in 3D At-A-Glance Campus View RSF Interactive View Phidgets and Occupant Feedback Heat Maps
- 35.
- 36. Realtime Data vsRealtime Budgets
- 37. Databus Data Layer Thegoal is to turn data into information. “Good Data” is not just collection, storage and access. To be informative data should be structured, cleaned, annotated, integrated and visualized.
- 38. AFUF Building 251/2 Dynamometer Building 254/6 SIMTA OTF FTLB IBRF RSF1+2 STF SERF SEB Garage ISOs (NE/NY, PJM, MISO, CAL) BACNet 900,000/hr ModBus 221,000/hr Weather 24,000/hr Web API 2,000/hr Building Agent Dashboard Analysis Graphs + Charts SDI Modules Data Sources 15-30 TB/Year Collection Systems 1.15M Points/Hour Data Use >100K Reads/Second DataBus MIDC/SRRL Cafe
- 39. Lighting End UseTracking
- 40. Plug End UseTracking
- 41. Mechanical End UseTracking
- 42. Data Visualization –PUE & EUE
- 43. Buildings are forpeople, so where are they in the feedback loop?
- 45. The Building Agentapp enables occupants to quantify and communicate their comfort levels to the building And for the Building to communicate to the occupants
- 46. • Four ofthe six thermal comfort factors defined by ASHRAE Standard 55 (ASHRAE 2004) are addressed in the BA feedback interface: – Air and Radiant temperature – Air speed – Humidity • Building Feedback to Occupant – Window status – Energy performance • Building scale to outlet level – Demand management (soon)
- 48. • The surveyconsisted of 65 questions based on LEED requirements and examples from the Center for the Built Environment • The app may be used to disseminate other surveys in the RSF or in other buildings across the NREL campus
- 49. Credit:MarjorieSchott(NREL) Correlate local measurements to occupantfeedback “Phidgets” collect temperature, humidity, and light readings through a USB port on occupant’s computer Temperature Comfort Humidity Comfort Lighting Comfort Glare Comfort Noise Comfort Air Movement Comfort Temp C° Lighting Lux Humidity % Timestamp Cold Dry Glare Noisy 23 354.0 28 05/23 17:13
- 50.
- 51. Strategic Area 1:New Technology Development: Develop the next generation of high efficiency HVAC technologies Strategic Area 2: Testing and Validation of New Technologies: Provide unbiased laboratory and field testing and validation of new technology performance. Strategic Area 3: Demonstrations of Efficient Solutions: Work with industry partners to find the best paths to market of proven energy efficient solutions Strategic Area 4: Performance Analysis Frameworks: Provide a standard framework for performance analysis through metrics and reference building energy models Strategic Area 5: Performance Data: Provide comprehensive and unbiased performance data for systems and environmental performance NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy Whole Building Integration Mission: Develop and demonstrate integrated high performance and Net Zero Energy buildings using advanced design, technologies and tools. Tools Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily assess the energy impacts of alternatives at every stage of planning and procurement for the built environment. Fundamentals & Technology Mission: Provide innovative energy efficient solutions, trusted analysis, and accurate performance assessment resources to advance the design, adoption, and operation of energy-efficient systems in the built environment.
- 52. Key Elements ofTechnology Evaluation Third-party laboratory testing – Pros: Controlled experiment; accurate performance evaluation for specific operating conditions and assumed usage patterns. – Cons: May not reveal reliability and integration information or business productivity impacts. Assumptions may not mimic actual usage patterns. Field testing – Current basis for most tech evaluation programs – Pros: Provides information on reliability, whole system integration, business productivity impacts, and actual use patterns. – Cons: Involves a less controlled experiment, fewer sensors, and less accurate equipment. Harder to generalize site-specific results to other facilities. Analytical methods – Pros: Results can be generalized while accounting for building- and site-specific parameters. – Cons: Accuracy depends heavily on whether inputs incorporate findings from third-party laboratory and field testing. (Without third-party lab and field testing, garbage in, garbage out) The combination of (1) third-party laboratory testing, (2) field testing, and (3) analytical methods can be more effective than any one of these approaches alone. It is understood that some programs should focus on a single approach, but providing additional means to integrate these three approaches will improve prediction of power and energy use. (Quality in, quality out.)
- 53. Systems Approach forDeveloping New Technologies 53 Starting Point – Strong fundamental technical knowledge – Systems integration experts – Intimate market place awareness – Practical implementation/operation experience Approach – Employ “trifecta” method to maximize understanding of performance and opportunities – Develop technology, performance data, and modeling simultaneously to provide continuous optimization – Work closely with building owners and operators to avoid market and practical implementation barriers – Utilize unique large scale building simulation capability to develop component design recommendations that incorporate dependencies such as climate zone, building type and application – Work with market leaders to widely deploy the technology
- 54. 54 Technology Development – Advancedevaporative cooling – Advanced dehumidification – Membrane heat and mass exchangers High Efficiency Demonstrations – DOD and ESTCP – GSA and GPG – DOE Tech Demos – NREL campus buildings Deployment – Better Building Alliances • Space Conditioning project team leadership • RTU Retrofit and Early Retirement Campaign Systems Approach for Developing New Technologies
- 55. Energy Systems Integrationacross ScalesScale Appliance (Plug) Building (meter) Campus Subdivision (feeder) Community (substation) Area (Service Territory) Region (Balancing Area) Nation
- 56. 56 NREL’s Energy SystemIntegration Facilities
- 57. Reducing investment riskand optimizing systems in a rapidly changing energy world • New energy technologies and services • Increasing penetration of variable RE in grid • New communications and control models • Electrification of transportation • Integrating energy storage • Increasing system flexibility • Understanding interactions between electricity/thermal/fuels Current Energy Systems Future Energy Systems Why Energy Systems Integration?
- 58. • Sensors and controls •Design and integration • Modeling and simulation • System integration Buildings • H2/electric interfaces • RE electrolyzers • Storage systems • Standards • Fuel cell integration • Fueling systems Advanced Fuels Grid Planning and Operations • Transmission and Distribution Systems • Smart Grid Technologies • Microgrids • Standards Advanced Vehicles Solar and Wind ESIF System Integration Capabilities RE integration Power electronics Building integration Thermal and PV system optimization • Plug-in-hybrids and vehicle-to- grid • Battery thermal management • Power electronics Energy Storage • CSP Thermal Storage • Utility scale batteries • Distributed storage. Full systems interface evaluation for integration of electricity, fuels, thermal, storage, and end-use technologies Energy System Research and Development Across Technologies
- 59. • Substantial completion bythe end of 2012 • Space for 200 NREL staff and research partners • Focus of the ESIF is to conduct R&D of integrated energy systems (Electricity, Fuels, Transportation, and Buildings & Campus systems) Addressing the challenges of large-scale integration of clean energy technologies into the energy systems infrastructure • NREL’s largest R&D facility (182,500 ft2) (ESIF) NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facility
- 60. ESIF Laboratories High PerformanceComputing, Data Analysis, and Visualization 16. ESIF Control Room 17. Energy Integration Visualization 18. Secure Data Center 19. High Performance Computing Data Center 20. Insight Center Visualization 21. Insight Center Collaboration Fuel Systems Laboratories 9. Energy Systems Fabrication 10. Manufacturing 11. Materials Characterization 12. Electrochemical Characterization 13. Energy Systems Sensor 14. Fuel Cell Development & Test 15. Energy Systems High Pressure Test Thermal Systems Laboratories 6. Thermal Storage Process and Components 7. Thermal Storage Materials 8. Optical Characterization Electrical Systems Laboratories 1. Power Systems Integration 2. Smart Power 3. Energy Storage 4. Electrical Characterization 5. Energy Systems Integration
- 61. Component and systems testing atMW- scale powers with state-of- the-art electric systems simulation and visualization. Functioning systems with utility system simulations for real-time, real-power evaluation of high penetration deployment scenarios. Power Hardware- and Systems-in-the-Loop Integrates HIL I/O Interface Visualization Interface Load Banks Grid Simulator PVArray Simulation and Visualization at ESIF Actual hardware at ESIF Subdevelopment with PVat end of circuit Utility Substation Inverter is replicated in 100 homes on circuit Actual utility circuitmodel Unitunder test
- 62. ESI and NetZero Buildings Load Profile Management Options • Car Charge limit • Super Computer speed • Building mass • Stationary batteries • Light dimming 62 -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 Car Charging Total cooling Total Lighting (kW) Total Plug Loads (kW) Total Mechanical (kW) Total Data Center (kW) PV (kW) -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 Car Charging Total cooling Total Lighting (kW) Total Plug Loads (kW) Total Mechanical (kW) Total Data Center (kW) PV (kW) Net Building Utility Draw (kW) ElectricityDemand(kW) • Laptop batteries • Chilled water storage • Occupant engagement through Building Agent • Others?
- 63. Thanks and Questions ShantiPless Shanti.pless@nrel.gov 63