NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Energy Efficiency Research in NREL’s
Commercial Buildings Research Group
6/24/13
Keynote 1: Research Summit
ASHRAE Annual Conference
www.nrel.gov/rsf
Shanti Pless
Senior Research Engineer, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Let’s Review
2
• Commercial Buildings
Research Sections
• Research in Action
• Energy use intensity
procurement
• AEDGs
• CBPs
• Real Performance/Real
Buildings
• Energy Systems Integration

What We Do
3
Advanced Commercial Buildings Research, through
applied research and demonstration, supports DOE’s
speed-and-scale goals to reduce building energy use.
Focus areas:
• Whole-building systems integration
• Comprehensive building energy modeling
• Cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies
• Systematic performance metrics and monitoring
Our team’s key strength lies in combining all
these tools to design well-integrated new
buildings and cost-effective retrofits.

Vision: All new buildings and major
retrofits achieve 50% energy savings
by 2030 in support of the
Architecture 2030 challenge
and EISA 2007
Fundamentals
& Technology
Tools
NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy
efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation
alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy
Whole Building
Integration
Development
Validation
Catalyze
Deployment

Fundamentals
& Technology
Tools
NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy
efficiency utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation
alternatives at each stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy
Vision: All new buildings and major
retrofits achieve 50% energy savings
by 2030 in support of the
Architecture 2030 challenge
and EISA 2007
Whole Building
Integration
Commercialization
AEDGs
Case Studies
Design Process
Procurement Process
Web Resources
Tools for Market
Case Studies
ESTCP
GPG
Lab Testing
Field Testing
New Technologies
Foundational Data
Sector Analysis
Tool Development
Development
Validation
Catalyze
Deployment

Strategic Area 1: Integrated Design: Develop innovative design and acquisition
processes for Whole Building System and subsystem optimization
Strategic Area 2: Real Performance in Real Buildings: Demonstrate how market viable
50% savings can be achieved in real buildings through innovative business plans,
advanced modeling tools, and robust performance verification research.
Strategic Area 3: Industry Resources: Develop industry and owner relevant Best
Practices and Advanced Guidance to implement and deploy ultra-efficient building
systems in high performance new construction and deep retrofit projects
Strategic Area 4: Net Zero Energy Ready Buildings: Perform applied research to
demonstrate how to reach net zero energy buildings through the integration of
maximum achievable efficiency and on-site renewables
Strategic Area 5: Advanced Technology Integration and Demonstration: Demonstrate
real performance in advanced efficiency technologies such as plug loads, integrated
lighting systems, integrated hydronic HVAC, and integrated refrigeration systems.
NREL Mission: Enable decision makers to quickly and easily optimize energy efficiency
utilizing an ever-broadening array of building design and operation alternatives at each
stage of planning, procurement, and occupancy
Whole Building Integration Mission:
Develop and demonstrate
integrated high performance and
Net Zero Energy Ready buildings
using advanced design, technologies
and tools.
Fundamentals & Tech Mission:
Provide innovative energy efficient
solutions, trusted analysis, and
accurate performance assessment
resources to advance the design,
adoption, and operation of energy-
efficient systems in the built
environment.
Tools Mission:
Enable decision makers to quickly
and easily assess the energy impacts
of alternatives at every stage of
planning and procurement for the
built environment.

DOE/NREL Research Support Facility
RFP Design/Build Requirements:
• 50% energy cost savings over
ASHRAE 90.1
• 35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr
• Net zero energy use
• Performance assurance plan
with incentives
Design/Build Results:
• Net zero energy use
• 36 .4 kBtu/ft2/yr
• Demonstration of max
efficiency in an institutional
office building on typical
construction budgets using
energy performance based
design/build delivery and
procurement methods
• $259/sqft construction costs –
$250/sqft - $300/sqft typical

DOE/NREL RSF 3rd Wing
• 27 kBtu/ft2/yr
• 50% Energy Cost Savings
with incentives
• 20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured
• Demonstration of additional
cost savings, energy
efficiency, and schedule gains
over phase 1
• 17 % more efficient than the
RSF
• Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft2
cheaper)

DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage
Design/Build Requirements:
• 0.5 kBtu/ft2
• 175 kBtu/stall
• Net-zero energy Site
Entrance Building
• 90% Energy cost savings
• 138 kBtu/parking stall
• $14,172 per parking space
• $15,500 to $24,500 for
typical parking space in
Denver area

DOE/NREL Cafeteria
• 35% energy cost savings over
ASHRAE 90.1
• Best in class commercial
kitchen equipment
with incentives
• 36% energy savings
• Demonstration of max
efficiency in a commercial
kitchen using energy
performance based
design/build delivery and
procurement methods
• Continuous improvement
requirements in vendor
contract to ensure
performance assurance

DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility
Design/Build Requirements:
• 27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing
• 1.06 PUE Super computer
• No mechanical cooling
• Waste heat reuse
• 30% savings for all labs
• 26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing
• World class efficient super
computer
• 36% savings in labs

Influencing New High Performance Buildings
14
"It may sound corny, but after seeing the RSF, it really was the
first day of the second half of my career. I saw the integration at
RSF, the total comprehensive thinking, and thought, 'I've got to
get involved in a project that's going in this direction.'”
— Kenner Kingston
Director of Sustainability for ARCHITECTURAL NEXUS, INC.
Designing an administrative office space in the area of Salt Lake City, Utah.
"We've had quite a bit of input from NREL, and my visit to the
RSF showed me the opportunities to be deeply energy efficient.
The New York State Energy Research and Development
Authority is partnering with us and contributing funding to the
design effort.”
— Robert R. Bland
Senior director for energy and sustainability with Cornell University
"It was very impressive, the degree to which NREL is monitoring
the things that people are doing on their side of the plugs. We'd
known that we could do dramatic things with efficient
refrigerators, dishwashers, and lighting, but the fact that NREL
was paying so much attention to the real work side of the house
— the computers, monitors, printers, and task lights — caused
us to go back and look at our IT really carefully.”
— Denis Hayes
Bullitt Foundation President
Credit: Dennis Schroeder
Courtesy of Kilograph 2012
Credit: Dennis Schroeder, 19911

15
World Class Efficiency is Possible within our
Construction Budgets!
• Spend the time to get RFP right
• Include absolute EUI requirements if possible
• Set up acquisition process to “force” integrated design
• Energy modeling guides conceptual design decisions
• Architecture and envelope are also efficiency measures
• Unwavering commitment to problem statement
• Unleash power of design/build team of experts to meet your
needs – true value engineering
• Commit to your objectives and don’t adjust
Process for Replication at Scale

Process for Replication at Scale
• Evolved from component-based goals to building-wide goals
• Design-build procurement process with energy goals in the
RFP
• Based on energy models updated for as-built conditions
• Superior performance voluntary incentive ($) program to
ensure M+V outcome has a chance to meet predicted
performance
• Design energy use intensity requirements CAN be met in
operations
• Each project has end use metering and public displays of
energy performance as part of contractual performance
requirements

Energy Performance-Based Procurement
Background Materials
• Summary Documents
• Foundational Documents
• How-To Documents
• Results Documents on Integrated Design Team,
Architects, Owners, and Building Occupants

RSF Demonstration: Moving Research to Market
Follow-on Research
and Deployment
• Procurement Training and
How-to Guide
• Ft. Carson Net Zero support
• Dashboard Enhancements
• Building Occupant Agent
• CU-Boulder Nat Ventilation
• NASA Facilities Workshop and Net
Zero Roadmap
Market Tools
and Resources
• BBA Webinars on Cost
Control and Plug Loads
• Datacenter Best Practices
• Plug Load Control Strategies
• Review for Replication
Industry Workshop
• www.nrel.gov/rsf
Market Uptake and Influences
• SMUD net zero Operation Facility
• GSA Net Zero Courthouse Retrofit
• SLAC Visitor and Conference Center
• Salt Lake City net zero District Attorney
Offices
• Cornell NYC net zero Tech Campus
RSF Procurement and Design
RSF Net Zero Energy Operations
Net Zero Energy Implementation Manager
1. Design and Commission Metering and Display
2. Verify Measured Performance
3. Coach Occupants, Operators, and IT/Datacenter
managers on efficiency strategies
Background Research as
Foundation
• Model driven design process
• Metering of high performance projects
• Integrated design processes
• ZEB Definitions
Commercial Buildings Inputs to RSF
• Goal setting using Optimization tools
• RFP Energy specifications
• Plug Load baseline and efficiency strategy
• Datacenter heat recovery and cooling
• Design and Substantiation review
• Efficiency champion on Owner’s
Integrated Project Team
• Development and implementation of
Occupant ENGAGED control
and system philosophy
Large Scale Net Zero Energy
Demonstration

Advanced Energy Design Guides
30% guides
o Small office buildings
o Small retail buildings
o K-12 school buildings
o Small warehouse and self-
storage buildings
o Highway lodgings
o Small hospitals and
healthcare facilities
50% guides
o Small to medium office
(SMO) buildings
o K-12 school buildings
o Medium to big box retail
(MBR) buildings
o Large hospitals (LH)

What Is an AEDG?
Developed in collaboration
with ASHRAE, AIA, IES,
USGBC, DOE
Two series:
o Original series targeted
30% savings over 90.1-
1999
o Current series targets 50%
savings over 90.1-2004
Educational guidance—not
a code or standard
Available for free as a PDF
download from
www.ashrae.org/freeaedg

AEDG Path to Market
BBC BBA Greensburg New Orleans
AEDGs influence the market
through multiple paths
Building
Codes
Training
Industry
Adoption
Webinars YEA
Standard 90.1
LEED
Standard 189
Market
Architects
Designers
Engineers
Contractors
Owners
Market
Assessment
Report
>500,000 in
Circulation
Results
Owners’
RFPs

Advanced Energy Retrofit Guides

Advanced Energy Design
Guides
Provide prescriptive energy savings guidance and
recommendations by building type and geographic
location:
Design packages and strategies to help owners
and designers achieve 50% site energy savings
over Standard 90.1
Two series:
– 30% savings over 90.1-1999
– 50% savings over 90.1-2004
Educational guidance to enable high-performance
design beyond minimum code requirements
Developed in collaboration with ASHRAE, AIA,
IES, USGBC, DOE and National Labs
Available as a free download from
www.ashrae.org/freeaedg
Advanced Energy Retrofit
Guides
Provide commercial building energy managers
with comprehensive guidance for planning and
executing successful retrofit projects:
Objective discussion of retrofit measures that
should be considered:
– Building type
– Level of energy savings / depth of retrofit
– Climate region
Methods for calculating complex, multi-year
cash flows in support of a strong business
case
Sample analysis and recommended
packages
Developed in collaboration with E Source, RMI,
NAESCO, PECI, DOE
Available as a free download from
www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/aerg.html
AEDG and AERG

DOE national labs (NREL /PNNL/LBNL)
teamed with 35 companies to:
– Retrofit at least one existing building at
30% less energy
– Build one new building at 50% less
energy than Standard 90.1
Labs provide support with advanced life
cycle analysis tools, performance
verification, and business case
development to biggest names in retail,
commercial real estate, and financial
sectors
Companies from the private sector working with national
laboratories to achieve significant, unprecedented building
energy savings.
Commercial Building Partnerships:
Partnering for Speed and Scale
Bank of America ProLogis
ForestCity Simon
IHG Tishman Speyer
Kohl‘s Whole Foods
PNC CBRE
Ryan Hines
Target John Deere
Westfield Opus
Best Buy Regency Centers
Hilton SuperValue
JCPenney Toyota
Macy's
Commercial Building
Partnerships

CBP Case Studies
Concise, consistent, and comparable for portfolio and sector
replication
Focus on savings, decision making, lessons learned
Connected by Sector Overview documents

Replication with CBP
AEDG/AERG
CBP
(+ direct impact through
CBP participation and resources)
Broader Design
Community
- Validation
- Case studies
- Best Practices
- EEM Packages
-Integrated Design
-Advanced analysis
Participation
and review
- EEM Packages
- How-to details
- Code impact
Commercial
Sector
80 Bsf
CBP
Pilots
5 Msf
Better Building
Alliances
8 Bsf
Partner
Portfolios
3 Bsf

Net Zero Energy buildings using
advanced design, technologies and
tools.
Tools Mission:
built environment
Strategic Area 1: Create and extend DOE’s building energy modeling middleware
(OpenStudio) to enable rapid and consistent development of desktop and web
applications for impactful building energy analysis
Strategic Area 2: Create and populate a standard database (BCL) for reusable building
energy modeling components and measures that integrate with applications for highly
efficient and repeatable analysis
Strategic Area 3: Create and market comprehensive workflows, applications, and
training materials for effective design and retrofit tools (OpenStudio tool suite,
simuwatt, Asset Rating Calculator, VirtualPULSE, Xcel Design Assistance, etc.)
Strategic Area 4: Conveniently incorporate measured data with simulation by
automating calibration, validation, and inverse-modeling
Strategic Area 5: Enable and establish procedural mass simulation along with user
interfaces for preliminary design assistance, asset rating, and sector analysis
Fundamentals & Tech Mission:
Provide innovative energy efficient
solutions, trusted analysis, and
accurate performance assessment
resources to advance the design,
adoption, and operation of energy-
efficient systems in the built
environment.

What is OpenStudio?
Utility
Focused
Web Tools
Easy-to Use
Tools for
Practitioners
Enabling
Analysis for
Emerging
Technologies
EnergyPlus
OpenStudio Software Development Kit (SDK)
BroadMarketPenetration
User ExpertiseExperts Beginners
RadianceEngines Other Engines
simuwatt
Mobile
Auditing Tool
“Operating System”
Sample Applications
An open source platform to
enable rapid development of
building energy modeling and
analysis capability for market
facing purposes

Data Sources
Baseline
Building
Energy
Models
Automated Modeling from Mined Data
• OpenStudio enables:
• modeling using multiple data sources,
• rigorous portfolio assessment, and
• detailed analysis of retrofit measures for
each building
GIS
BCL
Customer
Records
Public
Records
Meter
Data
Portfolio
Performance
Analysis
Specific
Recommend-
ations
Automated
Tuning From
Meter Data

EE Program
EE Program
EE Program
ROI,
Energy Savings,
etc.
ROI,
Energy Savings,
etc.
ROI,
Energy Savings,
etc.
1
2
n
1
2
n
Customer
Cost Hurdle
+
+
+
Optimized
Incentives
✔
✔
✗
Approach to Incentive Program Design
Program measures
are applied to
tuned model of a
customer building
Energy savings,
simple payback,
and more are
calculated from an
energy simulation
Repeat Across Portfolio
Ranked and
Optimized
Marketing
Strategy for
Specific
Customer
Calculate incentive
required to
overcome individual
customer hurdle
rate
Ranked,
customer-
specific
marketing
strategy
.
.
.
.
.
.
Tuned Model

Energy Design Assistance Program Tracker
(EDAPT)
• Problem: Reduce cost of Xcel’s EDA
program, while maintaining quality as
additional energy consultants are
engaged
• Solution:
– EDAPT web service tracks projects,
manages data and communications,
and reports program-wide outcomes
– OpenStudio and BCL are expanded to
include automated quality and EDA
protocol checking
– EDAPT connects high level project
data with model outcomes to
streamline reporting
• Planned for Launch in June 2013

A New Approach to Auditing and PV Assessment &
Design
Key Goals
– Reduce cost of level 3 audits below level 1 or 2
– Produce higher quality, more consistent audits with greater residual value
• Not simply a report that prescribes actions and quantifies savings
• Data and models aggregate and can be reused for further cost reduction in
EISA 2007 compliance, portfolio assessment, etc.
Procedural Modeling
OpenStudio and Building
Component Library (BCL) Analysis of Baseline and
Energy Conservation Measures
Software Guided Audit
Workflow on Tablet

Informatics for Net Zero Performance Assurance
Visualizing Energy Use in 3D
At-A-Glance Campus View
RSF Interactive View
Phidgets and Occupant
Feedback Heat Maps

Realtime Data vs Realtime Budgets

Databus Data Layer
The goal is to turn data into information.
“Good Data” is not just collection, storage and
access. To be informative data should be
structured, cleaned, annotated, integrated and
visualized.

AFUF
Building 251/2
Dynamometer
Building 254/6
SIMTA
OTF
FTLB
IBRF
RSF 1+2
STF
SERF
SEB
Garage
ISOs
(NE/NY, PJM,
MISO, CAL)
BACNet
900,000/hr
ModBus
221,000/hr
Weather
24,000/hr
Web API
2,000/hr
Building
Agent
Dashboard
Analysis
Graphs
+ Charts
SDI
Modules
Data Sources 15-30 TB/Year
Collection Systems
1.15M Points/Hour
Data Use
>100K Reads/Second
DataBus
MIDC/SRRL
Cafe

Data Visualization – PUE & EUE

Buildings are for people, so where
are they in the feedback loop?

The Building Agent app
enables occupants to
quantify and communicate
their comfort levels to the
building
And for the Building to
communicate to the
occupants

• Four of the six thermal comfort factors
defined by ASHRAE Standard 55
(ASHRAE 2004) are addressed in the BA
feedback interface:
– Air and Radiant temperature
– Air speed
– Humidity
• Building Feedback to Occupant
– Window status
– Energy performance
• Building scale to outlet level
– Demand management (soon)

• The survey consisted of 65
questions based on LEED
requirements and examples
from the Center for the Built
Environment
• The app may be used to
disseminate other surveys in
the RSF or in other buildings
across the NREL campus

Credit:MarjorieSchott(NREL)
Correlate local
measurements to
occupant feedback
“Phidgets” collect
temperature,
humidity, and light
readings through a
USB port on
occupant’s
computer
Temperature
Comfort
Humidity
Comfort
Lighting
Comfort
Glare
Comfort
Noise
Comfort
Air
Movement
Comfort
Temp
C°
Lighting
Lux
Humidity
%
Timestamp
Cold Dry Glare Noisy 23 354.0 28 05/23 17:13

Strategic Area 1: New Technology Development: Develop the next generation of high
efficiency HVAC technologies
Strategic Area 2: Testing and Validation of New Technologies: Provide unbiased
laboratory and field testing and validation of new technology performance.
Strategic Area 3: Demonstrations of Efficient Solutions: Work with industry partners to
find the best paths to market of proven energy efficient solutions
Strategic Area 4: Performance Analysis Frameworks: Provide a standard framework for
performance analysis through metrics and reference building energy models
Strategic Area 5: Performance Data: Provide comprehensive and unbiased performance
data for systems and environmental performance
Net Zero Energy buildings using
advanced design, technologies and
tools.
Tools Mission:
built environment.
Fundamentals & Technology
Mission: Provide innovative energy
efficient solutions, trusted analysis,
and accurate performance
assessment resources to advance the
design, adoption, and operation of
energy-efficient systems in the built
environment.

Key Elements of Technology Evaluation
Third-party laboratory testing
– Pros: Controlled experiment; accurate performance evaluation for specific operating
conditions and assumed usage patterns.
– Cons: May not reveal reliability and integration information or business productivity impacts.
Assumptions may not mimic actual usage patterns.
Field testing – Current basis for most tech evaluation programs
– Pros: Provides information on reliability, whole system integration, business productivity
impacts, and actual use patterns.
– Cons: Involves a less controlled experiment, fewer sensors, and less accurate equipment.
Harder to generalize site-specific results to other facilities.
Analytical methods
– Pros: Results can be generalized while accounting for building- and site-specific parameters.
– Cons: Accuracy depends heavily on whether inputs incorporate findings from third-party
laboratory and field testing. (Without third-party lab and field testing, garbage in, garbage out)
The combination of (1) third-party laboratory testing, (2) field testing, and (3) analytical methods can be
more effective than any one of these approaches alone. It is understood that some programs should
focus on a single approach, but providing additional means to integrate these three approaches will
improve prediction of power and energy use. (Quality in, quality out.)

Systems Approach for Developing New
Technologies
53
Starting Point
– Strong fundamental technical knowledge
– Systems integration experts
– Intimate market place awareness
– Practical implementation/operation experience
Approach
– Employ “trifecta” method to maximize understanding of
performance and opportunities
– Develop technology, performance data, and modeling
simultaneously to provide continuous optimization
– Work closely with building owners and operators to avoid market
and practical implementation barriers
– Utilize unique large scale building simulation capability to
develop component design recommendations that incorporate
dependencies such as climate zone, building type and
application
– Work with market leaders to widely deploy the technology

54
Technology Development
– Advanced evaporative cooling
– Advanced dehumidification
– Membrane heat and mass exchangers
High Efficiency Demonstrations
– DOD and ESTCP
– GSA and GPG
– DOE Tech Demos
– NREL campus buildings
Deployment
– Better Building Alliances
• Space Conditioning project team leadership
• RTU Retrofit and Early Retirement Campaign
Systems Approach for Developing New
Technologies

Energy Systems Integration across ScalesScale
Appliance
(Plug)
Building
(meter)
Campus
Subdivision
(feeder)
Community
(substation)
Area
(Service
Territory)
Region
(Balancing
Area)
Nation

56
NREL’s Energy System Integration Facilities

Reducing investment risk and optimizing systems in a rapidly
changing energy world
• New energy technologies and services
• Increasing penetration of variable RE in grid
• New communications and control models
• Electrification of transportation
• Integrating energy storage
• Increasing system flexibility
• Understanding interactions between electricity/thermal/fuels
Current Energy Systems Future Energy Systems
Why Energy Systems Integration?

• Sensors and
controls
• Design and
integration
• Modeling
and
simulation
• System
integration
Buildings
• H2/electric
interfaces
• RE
electrolyzers
• Storage
systems
• Standards
• Fuel cell
integration
• Fueling
systems
Advanced
Fuels
Grid
Planning
and
Operations
• Transmission
and Distribution
Systems
• Smart Grid
Technologies
• Microgrids
• Standards
Advanced
Vehicles
Solar and
Wind
ESIF System Integration Capabilities
RE integration
Power
electronics
Building
integration
Thermal and PV
system
optimization
• Plug-in-hybrids
and vehicle-to-
grid
• Battery thermal
management
• Power
electronics
Energy
Storage
• CSP Thermal
Storage
• Utility scale
batteries
• Distributed
storage.
Full systems interface evaluation for integration of electricity, fuels,
thermal, storage, and end-use technologies
Energy System Research and Development Across Technologies

• Substantial
completion by the
end of 2012
• Space for 200 NREL
staff and research
partners
• Focus of the ESIF is
to conduct R&D of
integrated energy
systems (Electricity,
Fuels, Transportation,
and Buildings &
Campus systems)
Addressing the challenges of large-scale
integration of clean energy technologies
into the energy systems infrastructure
• NREL’s largest R&D facility (182,500 ft2) (ESIF)
NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facility

ESIF Laboratories
High Performance Computing, Data
Analysis, and Visualization
16. ESIF Control Room
17. Energy Integration Visualization
18. Secure Data Center
19. High Performance Computing
Data Center
20. Insight Center Visualization
21. Insight Center Collaboration
Fuel Systems Laboratories
9. Energy Systems Fabrication
10. Manufacturing
11. Materials Characterization
12. Electrochemical
Characterization
13. Energy Systems Sensor
14. Fuel Cell Development &
Test
15. Energy Systems High
Pressure Test
Thermal Systems Laboratories
6. Thermal Storage Process and
Components
7. Thermal Storage Materials
8. Optical Characterization
Electrical Systems Laboratories
1. Power Systems Integration
2. Smart Power
3. Energy Storage
4. Electrical Characterization
5. Energy Systems Integration

Component
and systems
testing at MW-
scale powers
with state-of-
the-art electric
systems
simulation and
visualization.
Functioning systems with utility system simulations for real-time,
real-power evaluation of high penetration deployment scenarios.
Power Hardware- and Systems-in-the-Loop
Integrates
HIL I/O
Interface
Visualization
Interface
Load Banks
Grid
Simulator
PVArray
Simulation and Visualization at ESIF
Actual hardware at ESIF
Subdevelopment
with PVat end of
circuit
Utility Substation
Inverter is replicated in
100 homes on circuit
Actual utility
circuitmodel
Unitunder test

ESI and Net Zero Buildings
Load Profile Management Options
• Car Charge limit
• Super Computer speed
• Building mass
• Stationary batteries
• Light dimming
62
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Car Charging
Total cooling
Total Lighting (kW)
Total Plug Loads (kW)
Total Mechanical (kW)
Total Data Center (kW)
PV (kW)
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
Car Charging
Total cooling
Total Lighting (kW)
Total Plug Loads (kW)
Total Mechanical (kW)
Total Data Center (kW)
PV (kW)
Net Building Utility Draw (kW)
ElectricityDemand(kW)
• Laptop batteries
• Chilled water storage
• Occupant engagement
through Building Agent
• Others?

Thanks and Questions
Shanti Pless
Shanti.pless@nrel.gov
63

NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote

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NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote