The document discusses the 10-year experience operating the Research Support Facility (RSF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as a net zero energy building. Key points:
- The RSF achieved net zero energy use within 10 years of operation through energy efficiency measures, on-site solar photovoltaics, and engagement of building occupants.
- Operating a building to maintain net zero energy goals over the long-term requires benchmarking energy use, identifying and addressing faults in equipment and systems, managing plug loads, and ensuring occupant comfort and productivity through measures like daylighting and task lighting.
- Lessons from the RSF informed NREL's use of performance-based design-
Our vision for what next generation net zero commercial buildings can do to realize 100% renewables, enhance grid-friendliness, and provide additional resiliency
Integrating Energy Efficiency into the Emerging Off-site modular Construction...Shanti Pless
As the emerging off-site modular sector continues to expand, we are seeking to embed energy efficiency and grid-interactive building concepts into the factory design, construction and assembly process. We see a big opportunity to meet the challenges of affordability and low energy costs in the multifamily sector through the integration of high performance building strategies into the advanced building manufacturing industry.
NASA Net Zero Roadmap: Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group, November ...Shanti Pless
A summary presentation of NASA's Net Zero Roadmap. The roadmap, available at http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/60838.pdf, provides strategic, operational, and tactical level proficiencies necessary for NASA to implement to successfully reach net zero by 2020. Slides posted at FUPWG's site at http://energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/fupwg-fall-2014-agenda-and-presentations.
Our vision for what next generation net zero commercial buildings can do to realize 100% renewables, enhance grid-friendliness, and provide additional resiliency
Integrating Energy Efficiency into the Emerging Off-site modular Construction...Shanti Pless
As the emerging off-site modular sector continues to expand, we are seeking to embed energy efficiency and grid-interactive building concepts into the factory design, construction and assembly process. We see a big opportunity to meet the challenges of affordability and low energy costs in the multifamily sector through the integration of high performance building strategies into the advanced building manufacturing industry.
NASA Net Zero Roadmap: Federal Utilities Partnership Working Group, November ...Shanti Pless
A summary presentation of NASA's Net Zero Roadmap. The roadmap, available at http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy15osti/60838.pdf, provides strategic, operational, and tactical level proficiencies necessary for NASA to implement to successfully reach net zero by 2020. Slides posted at FUPWG's site at http://energy.gov/eere/femp/downloads/fupwg-fall-2014-agenda-and-presentations.
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote Shanti Pless
A review of our 3 sections in the Commercial Buildings Research Group from my ASHRAE Summer 2013 Keynote. http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/commercial.html
Research Support Facility: Three years of net zero operations, occupants, and...Shanti Pless
October 8th, 2015 Center for the Built Environment Industry Advisory Board Keynote on our efforts to deliver long term net zero energy performance at NREL
Preparing for Zero Net Energy BuildingsEnercare Inc.
Enercare’s 3rd annual Thought Leadership event series, Energy Management: What’s New and What’s Next, explores energy conservation opportunities, the latest technologies and regulations shaping the multi-residential and commercial building management space.
Commissioned by the Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA), the Zero Net Energy Buildings research project examined strategies and technologies applied in large commercial and multi-unit buildings, to identify zero net energy (ZNE) best practices. Building automation systems and energy information systems in ZNE buildings were characterized and building occupants and owners were surveyed on the functionality and utilization of these systems. The results of this research can be used to value the system in relation to a ZNE outcome.
Presented by: Greg Walker, Research Director, Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA)
Updates on Policy and Codes - BREEAM, Part L, MEES & BB101IES VE
This presentation was given by Bruce Elrick, Consultancy Operations Manager at IES, at Spaces Study Day in Manchester on 15th June 2018.
Find out about upcoming IES events here: https://www.iesve.com/discoveries/category/event
The PV market has developed significantly in the last years, thanks to a complex combination of price decline, technology improvements and financial support schemes.
This webinar intends to bring additional information about the main trends in the PV market, industry and policy support in key countries and globally. It will highlight the reasons why PV has developed so fast and what can be expected in the coming years. In particular, the current support schemes and market drivers will be analyzed, together with the question of industry development. The geographical rebalancing between western and asian countries will be commented and explained. Finally the growing role of PV in the electricity sector will be explained.
Two presenters will share the floor : Izumi Kaizuka from RTS Corporation in Japan and Gaëtan Masson, Operating Agent of IEA-PVPS Task 1.
How Upcoming Regulation Will Affect YouEnercare Inc.
Enercare’s 3rd annual Thought Leadership event series, Energy Management: What’s New and What’s Next, explores energy conservation opportunities, the latest technologies and regulations shaping the multi-residential and commercial building management space.
Significant new regulations are moving to be implemented in Ontario, and each one may shape the way your property uses energy for years to come. The three major drivers of this change will be the Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan, Carbon Cap and Trade, and Energy Performance Disclosure regulations.
An explanation to: How will your day-to-day activities change? What preparation is needed to manage costs and risks to your business? How can you take advantage of upcoming opportunities?
Presented by: Eric Chisholm, P.Eng., CEM, LEED AP, Technical Lead, Energy and Sustainability, WSP Canada
Mike Singleton of Sustainable Buildings Canada presented an overview on the results of the first year of Enbridge Savings By Design builder workshops. Savings by design aims to help Ontario builders of commercial buildings and production residential projects surpass the energy requirements of the Ontario Building Code by 25%.
Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to OwnersIllinois ASHRAE
Keith Swartz of the Energy Center of Wisconsin presents Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to Owners at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
The latest IES Faculty event took place in London on 24th September, 2014. The seminar, which was part of World Green Building Week, focused on the issue of the Performance Gap, with our aim being to engage and work with the industry to diminish the difference between the expected and actual energy performance of buildings.
Assessment of Photovoltaic Module Failures in the FieldLeonardo ENERGY
This Webinar will present the current status and predictive ability for the power loss of PV modules for specific failure modes. The team describes PV module material interactions and incompatibilities among encapsulation materials and lamination processes so as to better understand PV module failures mechanism.
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
Zero Energy Commercial Buildings: Research For the Next GenerationShanti Pless
Zero Energy Buildings Research overview presented at Symposium on Zero Net Energy Buildings and Beyond: Balancing Building and Grid Objectives
co-sponsored by the ASHRAE Golden Gate Chapter, the Center for the Built Environment, and PG&E. at the PG&E Pacific Energy Center in San Francisco, CA.
October 25, 2017
NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group, ASHRAE June 2013 Research Keynote Shanti Pless
A review of our 3 sections in the Commercial Buildings Research Group from my ASHRAE Summer 2013 Keynote. http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/commercial.html
Research Support Facility: Three years of net zero operations, occupants, and...Shanti Pless
October 8th, 2015 Center for the Built Environment Industry Advisory Board Keynote on our efforts to deliver long term net zero energy performance at NREL
Preparing for Zero Net Energy BuildingsEnercare Inc.
Enercare’s 3rd annual Thought Leadership event series, Energy Management: What’s New and What’s Next, explores energy conservation opportunities, the latest technologies and regulations shaping the multi-residential and commercial building management space.
Commissioned by the Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA), the Zero Net Energy Buildings research project examined strategies and technologies applied in large commercial and multi-unit buildings, to identify zero net energy (ZNE) best practices. Building automation systems and energy information systems in ZNE buildings were characterized and building occupants and owners were surveyed on the functionality and utilization of these systems. The results of this research can be used to value the system in relation to a ZNE outcome.
Presented by: Greg Walker, Research Director, Continental Automated Buildings Association (CABA)
Updates on Policy and Codes - BREEAM, Part L, MEES & BB101IES VE
This presentation was given by Bruce Elrick, Consultancy Operations Manager at IES, at Spaces Study Day in Manchester on 15th June 2018.
Find out about upcoming IES events here: https://www.iesve.com/discoveries/category/event
The PV market has developed significantly in the last years, thanks to a complex combination of price decline, technology improvements and financial support schemes.
This webinar intends to bring additional information about the main trends in the PV market, industry and policy support in key countries and globally. It will highlight the reasons why PV has developed so fast and what can be expected in the coming years. In particular, the current support schemes and market drivers will be analyzed, together with the question of industry development. The geographical rebalancing between western and asian countries will be commented and explained. Finally the growing role of PV in the electricity sector will be explained.
Two presenters will share the floor : Izumi Kaizuka from RTS Corporation in Japan and Gaëtan Masson, Operating Agent of IEA-PVPS Task 1.
How Upcoming Regulation Will Affect YouEnercare Inc.
Enercare’s 3rd annual Thought Leadership event series, Energy Management: What’s New and What’s Next, explores energy conservation opportunities, the latest technologies and regulations shaping the multi-residential and commercial building management space.
Significant new regulations are moving to be implemented in Ontario, and each one may shape the way your property uses energy for years to come. The three major drivers of this change will be the Ontario's Climate Change Action Plan, Carbon Cap and Trade, and Energy Performance Disclosure regulations.
An explanation to: How will your day-to-day activities change? What preparation is needed to manage costs and risks to your business? How can you take advantage of upcoming opportunities?
Presented by: Eric Chisholm, P.Eng., CEM, LEED AP, Technical Lead, Energy and Sustainability, WSP Canada
Mike Singleton of Sustainable Buildings Canada presented an overview on the results of the first year of Enbridge Savings By Design builder workshops. Savings by design aims to help Ontario builders of commercial buildings and production residential projects surpass the energy requirements of the Ontario Building Code by 25%.
Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to OwnersIllinois ASHRAE
Keith Swartz of the Energy Center of Wisconsin presents Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to Owners at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
The latest IES Faculty event took place in London on 24th September, 2014. The seminar, which was part of World Green Building Week, focused on the issue of the Performance Gap, with our aim being to engage and work with the industry to diminish the difference between the expected and actual energy performance of buildings.
Assessment of Photovoltaic Module Failures in the FieldLeonardo ENERGY
This Webinar will present the current status and predictive ability for the power loss of PV modules for specific failure modes. The team describes PV module material interactions and incompatibilities among encapsulation materials and lamination processes so as to better understand PV module failures mechanism.
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
Zero Energy Commercial Buildings: Research For the Next GenerationShanti Pless
Zero Energy Buildings Research overview presented at Symposium on Zero Net Energy Buildings and Beyond: Balancing Building and Grid Objectives
co-sponsored by the ASHRAE Golden Gate Chapter, the Center for the Built Environment, and PG&E. at the PG&E Pacific Energy Center in San Francisco, CA.
October 25, 2017
Event: International Green Building Conference (IGBC) 2014
Speaker: Stephen Selkowitz, Group Leader, Windows and Building Envelope Materials Group & Senior Advisor, Building Technologies and Urban Systems Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Synopsis:
Enhancing building performance is a central feature of Singapore’s quest for a green building future and this need is echoed across the planet. Global climate change, resource challenges and environmental quality are urgent motivations for transforming the patterns and practices of energy use in the building sector.
This is reinforced with the growing interest in enhancing the indoor environment of buildings to enhance health, comfort and performance, and in tying the operation and performance of buildings more intimately to the electric grid that supplies them. A plausible set of questions to ask in terms of building performance is “What performance goals should we achieve?” and “How are we going to get there?” We explore the answers to these questions through the perspective of recent experience in the U.S. and try to understand the similarities and differences in experience between Europe, Asia and the U.S. Two key perspectives are explored: 1) the degree to which new technologies, integrated systems and human-centered design practice allows us to approach the vision of Zero Energy Buildings and 2) the gap that remains between what has been achieved as proof-of-concept and by innovative teams vs. what has proven feasible to rapidly scale.
Rising To The Challenge: Toward Carbon Neutral BuildingsTom Hootman
Presentation given at the 2009 Eco El Paso Conference. Presentation includes building blocks for carbon neutral design and a few case studies. A good primer for the 2030 Challenge.
Chris Piche, Integral Group
Driving the building industry towards a culture of accountability and using energy codes to get high performance buildings into the mainstream
Casestudy of the HVAC systems for the LEED Platinum IGS Building
A presentation by Joe Ventresca of Max Green
Presented at the Columbus Green Building Forum's 2011 Green Building EXPO
A May 31,2013 webinar on parking lighting
Paul Wessel, Green Parking Council, reflects on the Commercial Building Energy Alliance and the launch of the Lighting Energy Efficiency in Parking Campaign.
Michael Myer from the DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory explains the specifications that the DOE has created for parking lot and garage lighting.
Gary Cudney, President of Carl Walker, Inc. offers perspective on the challenges and opportunities that parking facility owners and operators face as they look to implement energy efficient lighting technologies.
Join us as Finegold Alexander presents the study for the Lowell Trial Court, a 250,000 SF state courthouse designated by Gov. Patrick’s Zero Net Energy Building Task Force as one of three public demonstration projects addressing the challenge of designing public buildings to high sustainability standards.
The engineering components of the study involved proposals for energy reduction and on-site production, investigated through a multitude of computer models and cost-to-benefits charts and analysis. Architecture and architects must change. Architectural form is a critical element in achieving any sustainable goals, including zero net energy. This session will look at the Lowell Trial Court design process and the iterative schemes the team produced. We will discuss building massing, orientation, urban context and all the elements we always address in every project. Now we find our attitudes toward these traditional design criteria are influenced by the integration of sustainable design. Design for zero net energy caused this team to think and collaborate differently with consultants, client and user groups.
ENERGY IN BUILDINGs 50 BEST PRACTICE INITIATIVESJosh Develop
Technology, economics and policy are rapidly transforming energy markets
and the broader economy. Global efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse
gases are leading to increased focus on policies that can reduce energy use
or promote low emissions generation.
Australia’s economy-wide target under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change is to reduce emissions by 26-28 per cent
on 2005 levels by 2030. By the second half of the century, achieving net zero
emissions is likely to be necessary to meet international climate commitments.
The cost of producing electricity from renewable resources has declined
significantly over recent years and remains on a rapid downward trajectory.
Engagement Coordinator Megan Hoye gave a presentation on CEE's research projects to the American Institute of Architects Minnesota's, Committee on the Environment.
Plug Load Efficiency for Zero Energy Buildings Webinar 1 29 2013Shanti Pless
Plug loads represent a growing opportunity for efficiency, especially in Zero Energy Buildings where these loads represent a growing percent of the total load. This webinar addresses strategies for plug load efficiency in NREL's net zero RSF.
Occupant Engaged - A ZEB control concept for engaging occupantsShanti Pless
Overly complex and fully automatic control systems in high performance commercial buildings often lead to a disconnect in design intent and realizing net zero in actual operations. To address this disconnect, we have developed a high performance building control concept that simplifies control and engages occupants in reaching net zero operations. This slide deck reviews the details of this concept as applied in our own net zero projects at NREL, and proposes additional Occupant Engaged control concepts.
A review of the 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides, including guide content, modeling process, and savings results. Slides from ACEEE 2012, panel 3, presentation for paper 389: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/55470.pdf.
Advanced Energy Design and Retrofit Guides Summary from the 2013 DOE BTO Peer...Shanti Pless
Our peer review slides from the 2013 DOE BTO Peer Review: http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/2013-building-technologies-office-program-peer-review-report.
Rebuilding Greensburg to be a Zero Energy CityShanti Pless
A review of Greensburg's rebuilding to LEED Platinum with Zero Energy wind powered city goals, with published results at: http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53539.pdf.
AIA 2013: Facts on the Ground: Testing the Performance of Ft. Carson's Green ...Shanti Pless
Our AIA 2013 Ft. Carson GSA High Performance Buildings Demonstration Results. Full site with Executive summary and full report at: http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/195803
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
RSF Net zero operations 2020
1. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Research Support Facility:
10 Years of Net Zero Operations, Occupants
and Analytics
Shanti Pless
Senior Buildings Energy Research Engineer
and Occupant and Zero Energy Building Operator
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4/6/2020
2. Lets Review
I have a new LEED Platinum net zero energy building – now what?
– Year 10 in our own net zero operations efforts in the Research Support
Facility at NREL
– What does it take to operate long term to meet zero energy design
goals?
3. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Snapshot
• Leading clean-energy innovation for 42 years
• 2000 employees with world-class facilities
• Campus is a living model of sustainable energy
• Owned by the Department of Energy
• Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy
• Golden, Colorado Main Campus
• Wind Technology Site
Only National Laboratory Dedicated Solely
to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
4. Zero Energy Catching on
500+ projects targeting zero
Zero Energy School Districts
Zero Energy Districts
100% Renewable Commitments
– 5 states
– Over 100 cities
– Multiple utilities
– Corporate commitments
Zero Energy Codes
– Title 24
– Boulder and Denver working on Zero Energy Building Codes for
2030 now
– Both design and outcome-based codes under consideration
6. Zero Energy K-12 and Office AEDG Published
– www.ashrae.org/aedg
– Multifamily guides underway
NBI Zero Energy Status Update:
– https://newbuildings.org/resource/2018-getting-zero-
status-update/
Zero Energy Resources
7. 7
Next Generation of ZEBs will be…
• Taller
• District Scale
• High Load Building Types
• Grid Friendly
• More Resilient
• Require Proof of Performance
• More and everywhere…
8. 8
California State Agency Zero Net Energy Definition
https://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/osp/sam/mmemos/MM17_04.pdf
11. 11
Taller requires more creative PV integration
South Façade PV in Denver produces more than optimal tilt in Northeast…
– 1,000 kWh/kW+
– Also provides seasonal balance with winter peak production
Image credit Bouldercommons.com
12. What is next in zero energy labs?
California Air Resources Board Vehicle Testing Lab,
Riverside CA
– 380,000 ft2, ~47 kBtu/ft2/yr design goal
– Net Zero with large scale battery storage and 120+
EV charging stations to harmonize ZEBs with the
southern California duck curve grid
– Will be largest on-site ZEB (size and load) in
construction now…
https://www.arb.ca.gov/html/socalfacility/socalfacility.htm
13. National Western Center, Denver CO
District Zero Energy with Ambient Loop and
Wastewater Heat Recovery
15. NREL/DOE Research Support Facility
Location: Golden, CO
Primary Use: Office and
corporate data center
Size: 360,000 ft2
Occupants: Approximately 1,325
LEED Rating: Platinum
Construction Cost: $254/ft2
Energy Budget: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr
Site Net Zero Energy Goal:
Offices, datacenter, and parking
with on-site PV and campus
wood chip boiler
Utilize warranty and incentive
program to ensure operations
goals
21. NREL Campus Growth with Design-Build
Procurement process attributes pre-2007:
o Design-bid-build project delivery
o LEED-driven sustainability goals
Procurement process attributes post-2007:
o Design-build project delivery with firm fixed price for >$400 Million of new
facilities
o Specific energy performance requirements in the Request for Proposal
– RSF, office example: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr
– SEB, guard house example: net zero energy
o Energy modeling required to substantiate goals
o Energy end-use metering requirement
o Voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure measurement and verification
outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance
22. • Performance based design-build with absolute energy
use requirements
o These are NOT bridging documents.
– Owner has significant input into the preliminary design
– Some overlap of A/E costs
o These ARE performance specifications.
– What something must do, not what it must be
– Subcontractor must substantiate that the design meets requirements
– Owner must not give the subcontractor technical direction
No drawings/plans in RFP!
Don’t change your mind
22
Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process
23. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
24. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
25. DOE / NREL: Client
Haselden Construction: General Contractor
RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting
Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling
KL&A: Structural Engineering
Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering
AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning
Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant
26. DOE/NREL Research Support Facility
RFP Design/Build Requirements:
50% energy cost savings over
ASHRAE 90.1
35.1 kBtu/ft2/yr
Net zero energy use
Performance assurance plan with
incentives
Design/Build Results:
Net zero energy use
36.4 kBtu/ft2/yr in 2014
$259/sqft construction costs
26
27. DOE/NREL RSF 3rd Wing
RFP Design/Build Requirements:
27 kBtu/ft2/yr
50% Energy Cost Savings
Performance assurance plan with
incentives
Design/Build Results:
20 kBtu/ft2/yr measured
Demonstration of additional cost
savings, energy efficiency, and
schedule gains over phase 1
• 17% more efficient than the
RSF
• Cost savings of 5%
($14/ft2 cheaper)
27
28. DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage
Design/Build Requirements:
• 0.5 kBtu/ft2
• 175 kBtu/stall
• Net-zero energy Site
Entrance Building
Design/Build Results:
• 90% Energy savings
• 138 kBtu/parking stall
• $14,172 per parking space
• $15,500 to $24,500 for
typical parking space in
Denver area
29. DOE/NREL Cafeteria
RFP Design/Build Requirements:
• 35% energy cost savings over
ASHRAE 90.1
• Best in class commercial
kitchen equipment
• Performance assurance plan
with incentives
• LEED Gold
Design/Build Results:
• 36% energy savings and
Platinum
• Demonstration of max
efficiency in a commercial
kitchen using energy
performance based
design/build delivery and
procurement methods
• Continuous improvement
requirements in vendor
contract to ensure performance
assurance
30. DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility
Design/Build Requirements:
27 kBtu/ft2 Office wing
1.06 PUE supercomputer
• No mechanical cooling
• Waste heat reuse
30% savings for all labs
LEED Gold
Design/Build Results:
26 kBtu/ft2 Office wing
World class efficient supercomputer
– 1.04 PUE
36% savings in labs
LEED Platinum
2014 Lab of the Year R+D Magazine
30
33. Energy Use
Credit: Stantec
Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL
Space Heating
24%
Space Cooling
3%
Pumps
1%
Ventilation Fans
5%
Domestic Hot
Water
3%
Exterior Lights
0%
Lights
6%
Office Plug Loads
22%
Task Lights
0%
Data Center
35%
Data Center
Cooling
0%
Data Center Fans
1%
NREL RSF Energy Model Breakdown
kBtu/ft2 kWh/m2 kWh/ft2
Cooling 0.46 1.46 0.14
Heating 9.68 30.52 2.84
Mechanical
Systems 2.19 6.90 0.64
Lighting 2.83 8.92 0.83
Plug Loads 5.76 18.18 1.69
Data Center 14.43 45.53 4.23
Building Total 35.35 111.51 10.36
34.
35. 35
•100% of the workstations
are daylit
•No employee more than 30
feet from a window
Daylighting
36. Daylighting: Glare Control
A light redirecting
device reflects
sunlight to the
ceiling, creating an
indirect lighting
effect.
Fixed sunshades
limit excess light and
glare.
Credit: RNL
37.
38. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
6 watt task light
50 fc
Ambient daylight
Ambient lighting with
daylight sensors for 25 fc
39.
40.
41. Weekday Lighting Power Density
Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL
0.00
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.33
0.35
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
PowerDensity(W/ft2)
Time of Day
Model Average
October 2010
November 2010
December 2010
January 2011
February 2011
March 2011
April 2011
May 2011
June 2011
July 2011
August 2011
September 2011
42.
43.
44.
45.
46. 0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
PowerDensity(W/ft2)
Time of Day
Model Average
October 2010
November 2010
December 2010
January 2011
February 2011
March 2011
April 2011
May 2011
June 2011
July 2011
August 2011
October 2010 – August 2011 Plug Load Power Density
Note: The elevators are included in the plug loads
Credit:MarjorieSchott/NREL
Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL
47. Zero Energy Buildings Operations
Benchmark energy use and compare to intent
• Near real time
• Report out status
Identify and prioritizing faults and facilitate fixes
• Metering system faults
• Setpoint overrides
• Sequence of operations
• Finding and fixing inverter trips ASAP
• Datacenter load growth
Plug loads
• Always a more efficient option
• IT procurement and enterprise standby modes
Ensuring Occupant Engagement Control philosophy
Developing occupant specific solutions
• Daylighting glare control
• Task lights
• Task fans
• Privacy, acoustics, etc
Telling the story
1300 occupants all happy and
productive?
Can it turn off at night?
Is it working as intended?
Are we on track?
Are the meters working?
Do they know they can use the light
switches?
Why did the window get left open?
50. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
51.
52.
53. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
54. A Solution: Occupant Engaged (OE)
A control philosophy for engaging occupants in high
performance buildings operations as active users
Requires occupant engagement to take a system from off
to occupied state
– Default mode is maximum efficiency mode
• off or setback
– No automatic ON
– Occupant engages control to turn on if service needed
• Intelligence to turn off or go to unoccupied state if occupant “forgets”
to turn off
– MUST have simple local occupant engagement interface
• On/off switches the best
55. Occupant Engaged:
Simple and Local Controls in Action at NREL
Vacancy Sensors for Lighting
– Manual ON, manual OFF, with automatic dim and OFF when
vacancy sensed
Timer-OFF controls for task light and office plug loads with
manual ON
Local glare control
– Local manual tint of electrochromics, manual clear with automatic
timed clear
Operable Windows for Natural Ventilation
– Still need a way to automatically close afterhours…
Self Powered Exercise equipment
Local USB powered desktop fan
– Turns off when computer goes to sleep
56. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
57. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
58.
59. • Self-powered exercise equipment
• No outlets or electrical infrastructure
required
• no electricity use
(other than human generated)
• Requires user to engage to power up
controls
OE Exercise Gym Equipment
60.
61.
62.
63. Occupant Education?
MUST have simple occupant
engagement controls!
• You have light switches- you can use them
• If you open a window – close it
• If you are stuffy- open your window
• If you have a local glare issue, turn on your
electrochromics
• Turn on your power strip in the morning
Occupants have to and will “figure it out”
Adaptive lighting comfort
– Actual office lighting levels measured before occupants engage
to turn on open office ambient lights are 10 FC and below
– 70% savings over occupancy sensor in daylit break rooms
64.
65. PRODUCTIVITY
Please estimate how your productivity is increased or decreased by the
environmental conditions in this building (e.g., thermal, lighting, acoustics,
cleanliness):
76% of the respondents felt that their productivity
was improved by the IEQ conditions in the building
Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman)
67. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NOISE LEVEL / PRIVACY
68. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
PINK NOISE
69. HVAC Systems
•Radiant ceiling space heating and cooling in open offices
•Dedicated outdoor air with underfloor delivery
•Displacement cooling in conference rooms
•Natural ventilation
• Automatic and manual windows
• Security waiver
70.
71. 71
Natural Ventilation
• During mild weather,
operable windows allow
for natural ventilation
and economizer.
• Automatic windows are
controlled and operated
primarily to support
nighttime precooling.
• Occupants are notified
when conditions allow
for manual windows to
be opened.
75. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
77. Operational Lessons- Datacenter
77
•Fully containing hot aisle difficult
• Custom aisle floor and door seals
• Ensure equipment designed for
cold aisle containment
• And installed to pull cold air
– Not hot air…
•Have run ~1.1-1.35 PUE
•A few hot spots were driving up PUE
•Summer time PUE of 1.35 because
of increased cooling
Control hot aisle based on return
temperature of ~90F
NREL/PIX17897
Credit:MarjorieSchott/NREL
78. Radiant Cooling and Program Changes?
• Increase in density by 30% with new
space standards and furniture
• Adding more huddle rooms,
conference space, and acoustically
isolated spaces
• Increase cooling capacity of ceiling
with ceiling fans
• Noise concerns
• Variable speed based on cooling
stage 10%-20% increased capacity
• Coordination with smoke alarm air
flow specs
• Only small huddle rooms with a
ceiling
78
79. Operations Feedback
Jake Gedvilas
10 year RSF Facility Manager
Michelle Slovensky
NREL Intelligent Campus/Sustainability
Anna Hoenmans, PE
NREL Site Mechanical Engineer
Jacob Reynoldson
Site HVAC Controls Tech
In 10 years:
• We have had 2 radiant tube leaks
• Construction ceiling penetrations
• We have had a few radiant panel
connectors leak
• What happens when control valves fail
open?
• We had one radiant panel condense...
• “Need a way to alarm this”
• Occupant comfort seems to be good based
on our comfort surveys
• Acoustics and privacy bigger issues
• 75F setpoints instead of 72F
• Task fans very helpful for local comfort
81. Measured Mechanical System Power Density
Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL
0.00
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
PowerDensity(W/ft2)
Time of Day
Model Average
October 2010
November 2010
December 2010
January 2011
February 2011
March 2011
April 2011
May 2011
June 2011
July 2011
August 2011
September 2011
Note: Control of the VFDs was
optimized in late October 2010,
resulting in energy savings
Note: Control of the dampers was
optimized in April 2011, resulting in
energy savings
s
82. 0
1500
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
10500
12000
13500
15000
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
DailyHeatingEnergy(kWh)
Average Daily Outdoor Temperature (°F)
Model Daily Heating
RSF Daily Heating
Model Heating Trendline
RSF Heating Trendline
Daily Heating Energy
Credit: Chad Lobato/NREL
86. Modeling Consumption
Vertical Irradiance (W/m2)
LPD(W/m2)
Statistical Models
Lighting
Physical Models
PV Generation
Combined Models
Plug Loads
Henze, G.P.; Pless, S.; Petersen, A.; Long, N.; Scambos, T. (2015).
“Control limits for building energy end use based on frequency analysis
and quantile regression." Energy Efficiency, published online. DOI:
10.1007/s12053-015-9342-6
87. Fault Detection Example: Daylighting
Lighting higher
than expected
Lighting out of range
despite full daylighting
potential
Root Cause: Daylighting controls overridden
during repair of ballast and fixtures; controls
weren’t reset
6-Nov-20136-Nov-2013
88. Fault Detection Example: Lighting
Controls
Lighting load is too high
in evening hours (6–10
PM)
Response: Reduce auto-off delays; staff
outreach; lessons learned for future lighting
system design
Multiple Causes: Cleaning staff, individuals
working late
1-Jan-2014 5-Apr-2014
89. Fault Detection Example: Air Handler
Solution: Installation of new
evaporative cooling unit to meet
local demand, enabling the AHU to
turn off at night
Problem: Large AHU on all night:
manually overridden to provide air
and cooling to a few night shift
security employees
16-Aug-2013
7-Oct-2013
90. Fault Detection Example: PV Inverter
Offline
PV output too low.
Why?
Time series suggests inverter
outage; offline inverter confirmed
via vendor web portal and repair
dispatched
20-Mar-2015 20-Mar-2015
91. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Photovoltaic System
92. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
97. PV Production Tracking
97
• PVWatts predict 1,417 kWh/kW/yr for Golden CO
www.pvwatts.nrel.gov
• Operational Lessons:
• Inverters fail – make sure they get fixed ASAP
• Good hail protection – had 1 panel fail out of 4000…
• 10 degree tilt so Rain/snow cleans panels – no flat mounted panels
• Expect snow coverage losses
98. Resources
General HPB operations process linked by
project phase
• Present a storyline for all HPB operations
key actions (above and beyond current
practice)
Unique sections for topics that create a base
recipe that can be used by all HPB owners
and building types
Examples of unique lessons given to
generate motivation and confidence to take
action
• Setting and requiring energy targets
• Procuring an EIS
• Procuring MELs
• Datacenters
• Occupancy and occupant feedback
• Closing the loop with action plans
https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1913
99. How-to Guides for Cost Control
Guide:
– https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1655
– Discusses the recommended strategies
– Pairs strategies with industry examples of success in
ZEBs and other high-performance buildings where
possible
– Describes how to balance key decision-making factors
– Provides quick reference tables to help building owners
and project teams apply the recommended strategies to
their projects.
Fact sheet:
– https://buildingdata.energy.gov/cbrd/resource/1654
– Highlights key ideas from the guide
– Directs readers to the guide for more details.
102. For LEED-0
102
• Meter all energy use on a 15 minute or hourly timestep
• PV used vs exported
• Load met by PV or Grid
• District heating and cooling
• Exclude 100+ EV charging station loads by directly metering
• 10 years of replacement RECs
https://portfoliomanager.energystar.gov/pdf/reference/Source%20Energy.pdf
106. 106
What Worked
• Occupant Engaged Control Philosophy
• Vacancy sensors in daylit spaces
• Performance based design build with
energy performance requirements on a
firm fixed price
• Plug load efficiency
• 50% savings possible
• Insulation and thermal mass
• Attention to details
• Ask for a continuous insulation system
• Focus on envelope component junctions
107. 107
What works (cont.)
• 0.5 W/ft2 lighting power density with 100% LEDs
– Daylighting controls with north windows
– Passive glare control with overhangs and NO shades/blinds
• Systems to turn equipment OFF
– Lights
– Fans
– Pumps
– Plug loads
• Decoupled outdoor air with water hydronic heating and
cooling
• Power purchase agreements for PV
• Use zero energy design predictive energy models to guide
operations by end use
• Passive and SIMPLE!