The project will begin with a comprehensive technical and economic analysis addressing all aspects of a
battery’s lifecycle in search of the best second-use strategies, followed by a comprehensive test program to
verify findings, particularly battery lifetimes. For the field test, researchers will deploy aged EV batteries at
the University of California (UC), San Diego’s campus-wide electric power grid. The results of the study will:
Provide validated tools and data on battery life to industry for battery reuse
Recommendations for EV battery design and manufacturing practices
Identify the necessary regulatory changes to encourage secondary battery use
Assess the economic benefit of second uses
The document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using the perturb and observe method. MPPT is a technique used in solar panel systems to extract the maximum available power from the panels by matching the panel voltage to the maximum power point on its power-voltage curve. The document provides background on renewable energy and solar power generation. It then describes modeling a solar panel as a current source and diode, and explains how solar panel characteristics change with insulation and temperature. The key goal of MPPT is to continuously track the maximum power point of the solar panel as conditions vary.
IRJET- Identification and Validation of Various Factors and Purposes Targ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on factors and purposes that can help advance development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microbes to convert organic matter into electricity and have potential as a renewable energy source. The document identifies several key factors and purposes of MFC research, including improving power output, using various substrates, integrating with plant cells, and applying MFCs to wastewater treatment. It also reviews various existing MFC designs and materials. The overall goal is to better understand how to optimize MFC technology for renewable energy and environmental applications.
The document describes a solar power battery charger circuit that uses a parallel-loaded resonant converter. Key points:
- The circuit consists of a boost converter between the solar panels and battery charger to stabilize the current, and a resonant tank and switching device in the battery charger circuit.
- The switching frequency is higher than the resonant frequency, allowing zero-voltage switching to improve efficiency.
- The continuous current conduction mode divides operation into four modes depending on switch and diode conduction. Waveforms and equivalent circuits are shown for each mode.
- Equations are derived for each operating mode based on the equivalent circuits to analyze current and voltage. Parameters can then be determined and simulation carried out.
India Wind Storage Opportunities Walawalkar FinalRahul Walawalkar
The document discusses opportunities for energy storage in India to address infrastructure challenges. It notes that India's GDP and electricity generation capacity are growing rapidly, with expected additions of 200-450 GW of new capacity in the next 5-10 years. There is also exponential growth in renewable energy like wind and solar due to policy incentives. However, this presents challenges in integrating intermittent renewables into the grid and maintaining stable grid frequency. Energy storage could help bridge supply-demand gaps, integrate renewable energy sources more smoothly by balancing fluctuations, and help comply with the tightened frequency standards in India's new grid code.
This document is a seminar report on paper batteries submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Computer Applications degree. It provides an overview of paper batteries, including their basics, components, construction, working, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and future enhancements. Paper batteries are flexible, thin energy storage devices formed by combining carbon nanotubes with paper. They can be folded, cut, or shaped without loss of efficiency and provide both steady and burst energy output. Early prototypes provide 2.5 volts of power from an area the size of a postage stamp.
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Dharmveer Kumar to his supervisor Dr. K. Sudhakar at the Energy Centre of Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal, India. The report details Dharmveer's performance analysis of a 68 Watt flexible solar PV module under roof-top and facade conditions on a hazy day. It includes an introduction to flexible solar PV technologies, a description of the instruments used, methodology, results and conclusions from the analysis of the module's energy and exergy efficiency.
This document discusses different types of batteries used in electric vehicles. It describes lithium-ion batteries as the most common type due to their high energy density and power-to-weight ratio. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are also used in hybrid electric vehicles. Lead-acid batteries have short lifespans and perform poorly in cold temperatures, limiting their use. The document outlines the components, properties, and working principles of batteries, and examines applications of electric vehicle batteries in transportation, energy storage, and portable electronics. It concludes that batteries will have a large impact on reducing pollution in electric vehicle sectors.
This document provides a review of challenges and solutions related to integrating renewable energy resources into power grids. It discusses solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and renewable hydrogen. For each resource, it examines challenges at the generation and grid integration stages, and outlines common solutions. It concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and recommending areas for future research, such as developing cheaper energy storage and promoting electric vehicles to better integrate renewable power grids.
The document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using the perturb and observe method. MPPT is a technique used in solar panel systems to extract the maximum available power from the panels by matching the panel voltage to the maximum power point on its power-voltage curve. The document provides background on renewable energy and solar power generation. It then describes modeling a solar panel as a current source and diode, and explains how solar panel characteristics change with insulation and temperature. The key goal of MPPT is to continuously track the maximum power point of the solar panel as conditions vary.
IRJET- Identification and Validation of Various Factors and Purposes Targ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on factors and purposes that can help advance development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs use microbes to convert organic matter into electricity and have potential as a renewable energy source. The document identifies several key factors and purposes of MFC research, including improving power output, using various substrates, integrating with plant cells, and applying MFCs to wastewater treatment. It also reviews various existing MFC designs and materials. The overall goal is to better understand how to optimize MFC technology for renewable energy and environmental applications.
The document describes a solar power battery charger circuit that uses a parallel-loaded resonant converter. Key points:
- The circuit consists of a boost converter between the solar panels and battery charger to stabilize the current, and a resonant tank and switching device in the battery charger circuit.
- The switching frequency is higher than the resonant frequency, allowing zero-voltage switching to improve efficiency.
- The continuous current conduction mode divides operation into four modes depending on switch and diode conduction. Waveforms and equivalent circuits are shown for each mode.
- Equations are derived for each operating mode based on the equivalent circuits to analyze current and voltage. Parameters can then be determined and simulation carried out.
India Wind Storage Opportunities Walawalkar FinalRahul Walawalkar
The document discusses opportunities for energy storage in India to address infrastructure challenges. It notes that India's GDP and electricity generation capacity are growing rapidly, with expected additions of 200-450 GW of new capacity in the next 5-10 years. There is also exponential growth in renewable energy like wind and solar due to policy incentives. However, this presents challenges in integrating intermittent renewables into the grid and maintaining stable grid frequency. Energy storage could help bridge supply-demand gaps, integrate renewable energy sources more smoothly by balancing fluctuations, and help comply with the tightened frequency standards in India's new grid code.
This document is a seminar report on paper batteries submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Computer Applications degree. It provides an overview of paper batteries, including their basics, components, construction, working, advantages, disadvantages, applications, and future enhancements. Paper batteries are flexible, thin energy storage devices formed by combining carbon nanotubes with paper. They can be folded, cut, or shaped without loss of efficiency and provide both steady and burst energy output. Early prototypes provide 2.5 volts of power from an area the size of a postage stamp.
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Dharmveer Kumar to his supervisor Dr. K. Sudhakar at the Energy Centre of Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology in Bhopal, India. The report details Dharmveer's performance analysis of a 68 Watt flexible solar PV module under roof-top and facade conditions on a hazy day. It includes an introduction to flexible solar PV technologies, a description of the instruments used, methodology, results and conclusions from the analysis of the module's energy and exergy efficiency.
This document discusses different types of batteries used in electric vehicles. It describes lithium-ion batteries as the most common type due to their high energy density and power-to-weight ratio. Nickel-metal hydride batteries are also used in hybrid electric vehicles. Lead-acid batteries have short lifespans and perform poorly in cold temperatures, limiting their use. The document outlines the components, properties, and working principles of batteries, and examines applications of electric vehicle batteries in transportation, energy storage, and portable electronics. It concludes that batteries will have a large impact on reducing pollution in electric vehicle sectors.
This document provides a review of challenges and solutions related to integrating renewable energy resources into power grids. It discusses solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, and renewable hydrogen. For each resource, it examines challenges at the generation and grid integration stages, and outlines common solutions. It concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and recommending areas for future research, such as developing cheaper energy storage and promoting electric vehicles to better integrate renewable power grids.
Dynamic modeling of photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for BangladeshSaidur Rahman
The document discusses solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. It introduces standalone solar systems as an alternative technology for remote water pumping in areas without electric grid access, like rural Bangladesh. The key components of solar PV water pumping systems are described, including solar panels, motors, and the benefits of using solar energy for irrigation and drinking water. Challenges like improving system efficiency and performance under different operating conditions are also mentioned.
This research aims to develop a new type of sustainable and rechargeable battery for electric vehicles using electrically conducting plastics, metal electrodes, and novel solvents called Deep Eutectic Solvents. The goal is to construct and test a battery prototype. Current lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries have safety and capacity limitations. This new battery works through the deposition and dissolution of zinc during charging and discharging. Testing will examine charge storage, ion transport, and electrode structure to understand the battery's performance.
LIGHTING THE ACADEMIC COMMONS: A Case Study of Electricity Efficiency of Inca...Jenkins Macedo
This project explored the efficiency of the lighting systems at the Academic Commons (AC) at the Goddard Library at Clark University as part of an academic research paper for the
Technology for Renewable Energy course taught by Dr. Charles Agosta, Chair of the Physics Department. The study builds on students' responses to informal and open-ended surveys and electricity energy consumption data from the lighting systems. The data were analyzed using a 2010-MS Excel base calculator to provide descriptive statistics on demographic characteristics and statistical analysis of electricity used via lighting to determine energy cost, savings, CO2 emissions, and offsets by comparing the status quo (CFL lamps) against two hypothetical scenarios. The results indicate that, while the CFL lamps electricity consumption seems efficient in terms of CO2 emissions and cost compared to incandescent lamps, converting the lighting systems to LEDs would reduce CO2 emissions substantially and contribute to Clark University’s goal of zero emissions by 2020 thereby saving cost. The results suggest that Clark University
would be saving about $3,687.00/year in lighting systems at the AC, while reducing 18,420 lbs. of CO2/year against the status quo of 147,355 lbs. of CO2/year.
Key Words: Energy efficiency, Lighting, Academic Commons, Clark University, greenhouse gases, electricity
This document discusses the optimization of a piezo-fibre composite with integrated digitated electrodes (PFC-W14) embedded in a multilayer glass fibre composite for energy harvesting. Eight composites were fabricated with PFC-W14 placed at different layers and in different numbers to study their strain and voltage output. Vibration testing at various frequencies found the maximum voltage generated for each composite. Results provide guidelines for designing energy harvesting structures by optimizing piezo placement and layer thickness.
This document analyzes different dissemination models for solar lanterns in India, including a central charging station model. Currently, about 68 million rural Indian households rely on kerosene for lighting, but solar lanterns provide a safer and higher quality alternative. The paper compares ownership and fee-for-service models, and evaluates the viability of a central charging station model based on acceptable daily rental costs to users and owners. It also estimates the subsidy required to make such a model viable for distributing solar lanterns more widely among rural households.
1) The document discusses the history and types of fuel cells, focusing on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
2) PEMFCs use a proton exchange membrane as the electrolyte, and allow hydrogen protons to pass through while blocking electrons and other gases.
3) The basic elements of a PEMFC are the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst. Hydrogen gas splits into protons and electrons at the anode, protons pass through the membrane, and electrons power an external circuit before recombining with oxygen and protons to form water at the cathode.
Renewable energy and water treatment: emerging opportunitiesCambridgeIP Ltd
This document discusses opportunities for renewable energy solutions in water treatment. It notes that many water treatment needs are located near prime wind, water, and solar resources. It outlines challenges for the UK water sector like flooding, pollution, and adapting to climate change. Renewable energy solutions could help address these challenges. The document asks what renewable options and UK strengths exist, and discusses integrating renewable technologies like solar, wind, wave, and geothermal with water treatment processes.
This document reviews performance improvements in microbial fuel cells through the use of suitable electrode materials and bioengineered organisms. Microbial fuel cells directly convert organic matter to electricity using microorganisms. However, their commercial application is limited by low power output. The review discusses how electrode design and selection of optimal microbe species can enhance electricity generation. In particular, Geobacter and Shewanella species have shown promise for direct electron transfer needed for higher performance. Advances in genomic tools may enable engineering of microbes tailored for microbial fuel cells.
The Coalition for Green Capital seeks to build a productive and sustainable clean energy economy by creating mechanisms to lower the cost of capital for clean energy projects. This will help address challenges like high upfront capital costs, low electricity demand growth in the US, and China's advantage of providing low-cost financing to its clean energy companies. The Coalition proposes establishing an Energy Investment Trust and Green Banks to provide long-term, low-cost financing similar to programs in China that have helped expand the clean energy market. Reducing financing costs could significantly lower the price of electricity from clean energy solutions.
Electrifying Indian Villages by Using Straight Jatropha Vegetable Oil as Fuel...ZY8
The document summarizes a study that assesses the environmental sustainability of a pilot jatropha-based rural electrification project in Ranidhera, India through a life cycle assessment. The study compares the environmental performance of generating electricity from straight jatropha oil to diesel, photovoltaic, and grid-connected systems. Key findings include that the jatropha-based system reduces greenhouse gas emissions over its life cycle by a factor of 7 compared to diesel or grid electricity. However, additional measures could improve oil extraction efficiency and overall system performance. Environmental benefits only occur if jatropha is grown on marginal lands and does not compete for agricultural lands.
IRJET- Feasibility Study and Design of Solar PV-Biomass Hybrid Power Gene...IRJET Journal
This document presents a feasibility study and design of a solar PV-biomass hybrid power generation system for rural areas in Ethiopia. It assesses the solar and biomass energy potential of the Ilu Aba Bora zone, located about 600km from Addis Ababa. The study estimates the energy demands of rural villages in the zone. It then designs an optimal hybrid renewable energy system to provide power to meet the estimated loads, through modeling and simulation. The findings and recommendations are presented for practical implementation of the hybrid system.
Photovoltaic (PV) power harnesses sunlight to generate electricity and has the potential to serve as a viable national energy source. PV cells use semiconductors that generate a direct current when exposed to sunlight, which is then converted to alternating current and transferred to power grids. While initial costs remain high, technology innovations have increased efficiencies and reduced prices. Widespread adoption of PV power would help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil while taking advantage of the nation's solar energy potential. However, challenges around energy storage and developing infrastructure for solar at a national scale remain.
Med enec building ee indicators f visser121129RCREEE
This document discusses key building energy indicators for Lebanon that were developed as part of a European Union-funded project. It identifies relevant indicators for evaluating energy efficiency programs and developing building energy codes, including overall and specific energy consumption for various building sectors and end uses. The indicators will help establish data collection methods and benchmarks to assess Lebanon's building stock energy performance.
Feasibility analysis of an off-grid photovoltaic-battery energy system for a...IJECEIAES
Renewable energy plays a very important role in the improvement and promotion of environmental sustainability in agricultural-related activities. This paper evaluates the techno-economic and environmental benefits of deploying photovoltaic (PV)- battery systems in a livestock farmhouse. For the energy requirements of the farm to be determined, a walkthrough energy audit is conducted on the farmhouse. The farm selected for this study is located in southern Nigeria. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Hybrid Optimization Modeling for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software was adapted for the purpose of the techno-economic analysis. It is found that a standalone PV/battery-powered system in farmhouse applications has higher economic viability when compared to its diesel-powered counterparts in terms of total net present cost (TNPC). A saving of 48% is achievable over the TNPC and Cost of Energy with zero emissions. The results obtained show the numerous benefits of replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources such as PV-battery systems in farming applications.
ZBB Energy Corporation Presentation November 2008 Compressedkathleenunger
This investor presentation provides an overview of ZBB Energy Corporation and its zinc-bromide flow battery technology. ZBB aims to become a leader in large capacity energy storage solutions to address grid stability issues from renewable energy intermittency. Its modular ZESS products offer efficient and cost-effective energy storage in 50kWh or 500kWh systems. ZBB believes its technology is well-positioned to benefit from projected growth in alternative energy generation and the need for storage solutions. The company has over $8 million in cash and no debt on its balance sheet.
This document summarizes the status of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications in Malaysia. It discusses that between 1998-2002, Malaysia successfully completed several pilot BIPV projects totaling over 400kWp installed across various buildings. Key lessons learned included addressing issues like roof leakage and lightning protection that are prevalent in the tropical climate. While BIPV system costs in Malaysia have decreased significantly, costs remain relatively high compared to other countries due to components still being imported and lack of local market. The government is now working to further develop BIPV through new programs and a national steering committee on renewable technologies.
The document discusses distributed generation in India using renewable energy resources. It outlines India's progress in electricity generation capacity overall and the growing role of distributed generation. Key points:
1) India has rapidly increased total electricity generation capacity but renewable sources still only contribute around 12%, with a goal to increase this.
2) Distributed generation using renewable resources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass can help meet demand and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
3) The government has implemented programs to promote solar, wind, hydro, and biomass power through incentives, subsidies and research. However, more can still be done to increase renewable distributed generation in India.
EXPLORING NEW BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSbte-iq-hub
This document summarizes research into new battery technologies and battery management systems conducted by researchers from the University of Surrey, University of Bristol, and Superdielectrics Ltd. It discusses supercapacitors as an alternative to batteries that can charge and discharge more quickly but have lower energy storage. The researchers have developed new hydrophilic electrolyte materials that can improve supercapacitor performance. Experimental results show capacitances over 4F/cm2 using stainless steel electrodes and over 15F/cm2 using MnO2 coated electrodes. The materials have potential to provide low-cost supercapacitors exceeding existing technologies and energy densities competitive with batteries.
This document discusses options for existing U.S. coal-fired power plants facing costs for carbon dioxide emissions, including continuing operations, switching fuels, retrofitting with carbon capture and sequestration, repowering with advanced coal technology incorporating CCS, and refurbishing to improve efficiency. The authors modified the National Energy Modeling System to evaluate the economics of retrofitting, repowering, and refurbishing options compared to other strategies. Under a $45-60/MTCO2e carbon price, the estimated market for retrofitting existing plants with near-commercial CCS technology is around 100 GW, while a similar market exists for repowering with not-yet-commercialized technologies. Refurbishing can
Comprehensive Review of Recent Electric Vehicle Charging Stations.pdfssuser793b4e
The uncertainty associated with modelling and performance of Electric Vehicle (EV) design could be easily and efficiently reduced by using hybridized renewable energy sources. During the past decade the struggle for effective utilization of EVs was very high due to its unreliability interns of durability and sources of charge. This review classified charge station into renewable, nonrenewable and hybrid based on its sources of power generation. In addition, for this decade there is no extensive and comprehensive review on applicability of renewable, non-renewable and hybrid models for performance prediction and modelling of EVs. Therefore, this article focuses on extensive review of design, modelling, battery backup, battery durability, Efficiency Enhancement (EE) components and connectors, advantages and disadvantages of each design based on renewable, non-renewable and hybrid EV charge stations. Furthermore, a total of 15 selected recent articles on the EV charge station together with its technology were reviewed. The review showed the suitability and reliability of renewable, non-renewable, and hybridized EV charge stations. It also showed that hybridization of renewable energy sources with suitable EE components and connectors gave the best EV design in terms of fast charging, priority scheduling and excellent battery backup. Finally, this review presents guide for researchers and engineers in the field of EVs in selecting the best and suitable design to adopt when designing EV charge stations
The document discusses the testing and evaluation challenges of electrified vehicles in the United States. It notes the US goal of having 1 million plug-in electric vehicles on the road by 2015. It also outlines some of the unique facilities at Argonne National Laboratory that enable research into transportation technologies like batteries, fuel cells, and vehicle powertrains. Some of the key challenges mentioned include developing affordable vehicle technologies, building out electric vehicle infrastructure, and addressing performance expectations and fuel economy regulations.
Testing and evaluating electrified vehicles presents various challenges. Dynamometer testing allows for repeatable evaluation of vehicle efficiency and emissions in a controlled environment. Different types of electrified vehicles, such as hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and battery electric vehicles, can be benchmarked using standardized drive cycles and comprehensive instrumentation. The degree of hybridization impacts potential fuel efficiency gains. Idle stop systems show varying fuel savings depending on the certification cycle used.
Dynamic modeling of photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system for BangladeshSaidur Rahman
The document discusses solar photovoltaic water pumping systems. It introduces standalone solar systems as an alternative technology for remote water pumping in areas without electric grid access, like rural Bangladesh. The key components of solar PV water pumping systems are described, including solar panels, motors, and the benefits of using solar energy for irrigation and drinking water. Challenges like improving system efficiency and performance under different operating conditions are also mentioned.
This research aims to develop a new type of sustainable and rechargeable battery for electric vehicles using electrically conducting plastics, metal electrodes, and novel solvents called Deep Eutectic Solvents. The goal is to construct and test a battery prototype. Current lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries have safety and capacity limitations. This new battery works through the deposition and dissolution of zinc during charging and discharging. Testing will examine charge storage, ion transport, and electrode structure to understand the battery's performance.
LIGHTING THE ACADEMIC COMMONS: A Case Study of Electricity Efficiency of Inca...Jenkins Macedo
This project explored the efficiency of the lighting systems at the Academic Commons (AC) at the Goddard Library at Clark University as part of an academic research paper for the
Technology for Renewable Energy course taught by Dr. Charles Agosta, Chair of the Physics Department. The study builds on students' responses to informal and open-ended surveys and electricity energy consumption data from the lighting systems. The data were analyzed using a 2010-MS Excel base calculator to provide descriptive statistics on demographic characteristics and statistical analysis of electricity used via lighting to determine energy cost, savings, CO2 emissions, and offsets by comparing the status quo (CFL lamps) against two hypothetical scenarios. The results indicate that, while the CFL lamps electricity consumption seems efficient in terms of CO2 emissions and cost compared to incandescent lamps, converting the lighting systems to LEDs would reduce CO2 emissions substantially and contribute to Clark University’s goal of zero emissions by 2020 thereby saving cost. The results suggest that Clark University
would be saving about $3,687.00/year in lighting systems at the AC, while reducing 18,420 lbs. of CO2/year against the status quo of 147,355 lbs. of CO2/year.
Key Words: Energy efficiency, Lighting, Academic Commons, Clark University, greenhouse gases, electricity
This document discusses the optimization of a piezo-fibre composite with integrated digitated electrodes (PFC-W14) embedded in a multilayer glass fibre composite for energy harvesting. Eight composites were fabricated with PFC-W14 placed at different layers and in different numbers to study their strain and voltage output. Vibration testing at various frequencies found the maximum voltage generated for each composite. Results provide guidelines for designing energy harvesting structures by optimizing piezo placement and layer thickness.
This document analyzes different dissemination models for solar lanterns in India, including a central charging station model. Currently, about 68 million rural Indian households rely on kerosene for lighting, but solar lanterns provide a safer and higher quality alternative. The paper compares ownership and fee-for-service models, and evaluates the viability of a central charging station model based on acceptable daily rental costs to users and owners. It also estimates the subsidy required to make such a model viable for distributing solar lanterns more widely among rural households.
1) The document discusses the history and types of fuel cells, focusing on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
2) PEMFCs use a proton exchange membrane as the electrolyte, and allow hydrogen protons to pass through while blocking electrons and other gases.
3) The basic elements of a PEMFC are the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst. Hydrogen gas splits into protons and electrons at the anode, protons pass through the membrane, and electrons power an external circuit before recombining with oxygen and protons to form water at the cathode.
Renewable energy and water treatment: emerging opportunitiesCambridgeIP Ltd
This document discusses opportunities for renewable energy solutions in water treatment. It notes that many water treatment needs are located near prime wind, water, and solar resources. It outlines challenges for the UK water sector like flooding, pollution, and adapting to climate change. Renewable energy solutions could help address these challenges. The document asks what renewable options and UK strengths exist, and discusses integrating renewable technologies like solar, wind, wave, and geothermal with water treatment processes.
This document reviews performance improvements in microbial fuel cells through the use of suitable electrode materials and bioengineered organisms. Microbial fuel cells directly convert organic matter to electricity using microorganisms. However, their commercial application is limited by low power output. The review discusses how electrode design and selection of optimal microbe species can enhance electricity generation. In particular, Geobacter and Shewanella species have shown promise for direct electron transfer needed for higher performance. Advances in genomic tools may enable engineering of microbes tailored for microbial fuel cells.
The Coalition for Green Capital seeks to build a productive and sustainable clean energy economy by creating mechanisms to lower the cost of capital for clean energy projects. This will help address challenges like high upfront capital costs, low electricity demand growth in the US, and China's advantage of providing low-cost financing to its clean energy companies. The Coalition proposes establishing an Energy Investment Trust and Green Banks to provide long-term, low-cost financing similar to programs in China that have helped expand the clean energy market. Reducing financing costs could significantly lower the price of electricity from clean energy solutions.
Electrifying Indian Villages by Using Straight Jatropha Vegetable Oil as Fuel...ZY8
The document summarizes a study that assesses the environmental sustainability of a pilot jatropha-based rural electrification project in Ranidhera, India through a life cycle assessment. The study compares the environmental performance of generating electricity from straight jatropha oil to diesel, photovoltaic, and grid-connected systems. Key findings include that the jatropha-based system reduces greenhouse gas emissions over its life cycle by a factor of 7 compared to diesel or grid electricity. However, additional measures could improve oil extraction efficiency and overall system performance. Environmental benefits only occur if jatropha is grown on marginal lands and does not compete for agricultural lands.
IRJET- Feasibility Study and Design of Solar PV-Biomass Hybrid Power Gene...IRJET Journal
This document presents a feasibility study and design of a solar PV-biomass hybrid power generation system for rural areas in Ethiopia. It assesses the solar and biomass energy potential of the Ilu Aba Bora zone, located about 600km from Addis Ababa. The study estimates the energy demands of rural villages in the zone. It then designs an optimal hybrid renewable energy system to provide power to meet the estimated loads, through modeling and simulation. The findings and recommendations are presented for practical implementation of the hybrid system.
Photovoltaic (PV) power harnesses sunlight to generate electricity and has the potential to serve as a viable national energy source. PV cells use semiconductors that generate a direct current when exposed to sunlight, which is then converted to alternating current and transferred to power grids. While initial costs remain high, technology innovations have increased efficiencies and reduced prices. Widespread adoption of PV power would help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil while taking advantage of the nation's solar energy potential. However, challenges around energy storage and developing infrastructure for solar at a national scale remain.
Med enec building ee indicators f visser121129RCREEE
This document discusses key building energy indicators for Lebanon that were developed as part of a European Union-funded project. It identifies relevant indicators for evaluating energy efficiency programs and developing building energy codes, including overall and specific energy consumption for various building sectors and end uses. The indicators will help establish data collection methods and benchmarks to assess Lebanon's building stock energy performance.
Feasibility analysis of an off-grid photovoltaic-battery energy system for a...IJECEIAES
Renewable energy plays a very important role in the improvement and promotion of environmental sustainability in agricultural-related activities. This paper evaluates the techno-economic and environmental benefits of deploying photovoltaic (PV)- battery systems in a livestock farmhouse. For the energy requirements of the farm to be determined, a walkthrough energy audit is conducted on the farmhouse. The farm selected for this study is located in southern Nigeria. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Hybrid Optimization Modeling for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software was adapted for the purpose of the techno-economic analysis. It is found that a standalone PV/battery-powered system in farmhouse applications has higher economic viability when compared to its diesel-powered counterparts in terms of total net present cost (TNPC). A saving of 48% is achievable over the TNPC and Cost of Energy with zero emissions. The results obtained show the numerous benefits of replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources such as PV-battery systems in farming applications.
ZBB Energy Corporation Presentation November 2008 Compressedkathleenunger
This investor presentation provides an overview of ZBB Energy Corporation and its zinc-bromide flow battery technology. ZBB aims to become a leader in large capacity energy storage solutions to address grid stability issues from renewable energy intermittency. Its modular ZESS products offer efficient and cost-effective energy storage in 50kWh or 500kWh systems. ZBB believes its technology is well-positioned to benefit from projected growth in alternative energy generation and the need for storage solutions. The company has over $8 million in cash and no debt on its balance sheet.
This document summarizes the status of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications in Malaysia. It discusses that between 1998-2002, Malaysia successfully completed several pilot BIPV projects totaling over 400kWp installed across various buildings. Key lessons learned included addressing issues like roof leakage and lightning protection that are prevalent in the tropical climate. While BIPV system costs in Malaysia have decreased significantly, costs remain relatively high compared to other countries due to components still being imported and lack of local market. The government is now working to further develop BIPV through new programs and a national steering committee on renewable technologies.
The document discusses distributed generation in India using renewable energy resources. It outlines India's progress in electricity generation capacity overall and the growing role of distributed generation. Key points:
1) India has rapidly increased total electricity generation capacity but renewable sources still only contribute around 12%, with a goal to increase this.
2) Distributed generation using renewable resources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass can help meet demand and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
3) The government has implemented programs to promote solar, wind, hydro, and biomass power through incentives, subsidies and research. However, more can still be done to increase renewable distributed generation in India.
EXPLORING NEW BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSbte-iq-hub
This document summarizes research into new battery technologies and battery management systems conducted by researchers from the University of Surrey, University of Bristol, and Superdielectrics Ltd. It discusses supercapacitors as an alternative to batteries that can charge and discharge more quickly but have lower energy storage. The researchers have developed new hydrophilic electrolyte materials that can improve supercapacitor performance. Experimental results show capacitances over 4F/cm2 using stainless steel electrodes and over 15F/cm2 using MnO2 coated electrodes. The materials have potential to provide low-cost supercapacitors exceeding existing technologies and energy densities competitive with batteries.
This document discusses options for existing U.S. coal-fired power plants facing costs for carbon dioxide emissions, including continuing operations, switching fuels, retrofitting with carbon capture and sequestration, repowering with advanced coal technology incorporating CCS, and refurbishing to improve efficiency. The authors modified the National Energy Modeling System to evaluate the economics of retrofitting, repowering, and refurbishing options compared to other strategies. Under a $45-60/MTCO2e carbon price, the estimated market for retrofitting existing plants with near-commercial CCS technology is around 100 GW, while a similar market exists for repowering with not-yet-commercialized technologies. Refurbishing can
Comprehensive Review of Recent Electric Vehicle Charging Stations.pdfssuser793b4e
The uncertainty associated with modelling and performance of Electric Vehicle (EV) design could be easily and efficiently reduced by using hybridized renewable energy sources. During the past decade the struggle for effective utilization of EVs was very high due to its unreliability interns of durability and sources of charge. This review classified charge station into renewable, nonrenewable and hybrid based on its sources of power generation. In addition, for this decade there is no extensive and comprehensive review on applicability of renewable, non-renewable and hybrid models for performance prediction and modelling of EVs. Therefore, this article focuses on extensive review of design, modelling, battery backup, battery durability, Efficiency Enhancement (EE) components and connectors, advantages and disadvantages of each design based on renewable, non-renewable and hybrid EV charge stations. Furthermore, a total of 15 selected recent articles on the EV charge station together with its technology were reviewed. The review showed the suitability and reliability of renewable, non-renewable, and hybridized EV charge stations. It also showed that hybridization of renewable energy sources with suitable EE components and connectors gave the best EV design in terms of fast charging, priority scheduling and excellent battery backup. Finally, this review presents guide for researchers and engineers in the field of EVs in selecting the best and suitable design to adopt when designing EV charge stations
The document discusses the testing and evaluation challenges of electrified vehicles in the United States. It notes the US goal of having 1 million plug-in electric vehicles on the road by 2015. It also outlines some of the unique facilities at Argonne National Laboratory that enable research into transportation technologies like batteries, fuel cells, and vehicle powertrains. Some of the key challenges mentioned include developing affordable vehicle technologies, building out electric vehicle infrastructure, and addressing performance expectations and fuel economy regulations.
Testing and evaluating electrified vehicles presents various challenges. Dynamometer testing allows for repeatable evaluation of vehicle efficiency and emissions in a controlled environment. Different types of electrified vehicles, such as hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and battery electric vehicles, can be benchmarked using standardized drive cycles and comprehensive instrumentation. The degree of hybridization impacts potential fuel efficiency gains. Idle stop systems show varying fuel savings depending on the certification cycle used.
THE CENTRAL QUESTION ...
Since the battery is pivotal to my EV, what are the core issues that will allow me to understand battery technology?
COURSE ABSTRACT
A discussion of battery components and fabrication approach, the reasons that building higher capacity batteries are constrained by geometry and technological factors, the key characteristics to assess when comparing battery chemistries, and new battery tech that may lead to significant improvements in those characteristics. To obtain a copy of the EVU study guide for this and other available EVU courses, please complete the form on this page.
Course level: Intermediate
Technology and applied R&D needs for electrical energy storage Andrew Gelston
This document discusses the technology and research needs for electrical energy storage. It provides an overview of applications for energy storage in transportation, stationary power systems, and portable devices. Transportation applications require high energy and power densities to enable electric vehicles with performance comparable to gas-powered vehicles. For stationary power, reliable electricity 24/7 is needed, requiring energy storage to balance intermittent renewable sources. Current battery and capacitor technologies fall short of these application requirements. The document outlines the needs for basic research to develop revolutionary new energy storage technologies.
Technology and Applied R&D Needs for Electrical Energy Storage (March 2007)Andrew Gelston
This document discusses the technology and research needs for electrical energy storage. It provides an overview of applications for energy storage in transportation, stationary power systems, and portable devices. Transportation applications require high energy and power densities for electric vehicles. Stationary power applications need energy storage for load leveling of renewable energy sources on the electric grid. Portable devices would benefit from higher energy density batteries and capacitors. The document reviews current battery technologies like lead-acid, lithium-ion, and flow batteries that are relevant for these applications and outlines their limitations. It also discusses electrochemical capacitors and opportunities for further technological advances.
This document discusses batteries and battery recycling. It begins with an introduction to problem-based learning and describes how a battery recycling project was implemented with students. It then provides details on battery chemistry and components, as well as environmental issues related to batteries. Finally, it discusses legislation around batteries and different disposal and recycling options. The key points are:
1) A battery recycling project was used as a problem-based learning activity with students to develop skills like independent learning and presentation.
2) Batteries are made up of electrochemical components like anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes that allow the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy.
3) While batteries themselves are not a threat, improper disposal
Concentrated Solar Thermal Power can be coupled with Thermal Energy Storage using Molten Salts. This presentations offers a compelling argument why this technology will remain competitive despite future improvements in other storage technologies
The document analyzes the technical and economic viability of solar photovoltaics (PV) and energy storage systems to provide both economic and resiliency benefits at three critical infrastructure sites in New York City. The analysis models four scenarios: 1) Resilient PV sized for economic savings without considering resiliency needs, 2) Resilient PV sized to meet resiliency needs, 3) A hybrid system of resilient PV and generator sized to meet resiliency needs, and 4) A generator only system sized to meet resiliency needs. The results show that resilient PV can be economically viable and provide resiliency benefits for NYC critical infrastructure, with the exact savings depending on site-specific factors. Hybrid systems generally
IRJET- Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses a hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles that combines batteries and supercapacitors. It begins by introducing the challenges of battery life and charging times for electric vehicles. It then explains that supercapacitors can help address these issues by supporting batteries during peak demands, improving efficiency, and extending battery life. The document provides details on how batteries and supercapacitors work and their advantages when combined in a hybrid system. It describes the basic configuration of such a hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles.
Planning and Designing a Stand Alone Solar Power System for Multi-Building Or...IJMER
The purpose of this project is to discover ways to produce energy with alternate sources. This presents current status, major achievements and future aspects of solar energy in India and evaluation of current energy policies for conquering the obstructions and implementing solar for the future is also been presented. Solar energy is expected to play a very significant role in the future especially in developing countries, but it has also potential prospects for developed countries. Solar radiation is an integral part of different renewable energy resources like PV power, solar thermal power, solar heater etc.
This consists of Study of the Solar cell, Solar Photovoltaic Technology, Planning and Designing a Stand Alone Solar Power System for Multi Building in an Organization where Solar energy plays an important role for the power supply in case of emergency by replacing Diesel Generator set i.e. DG Set.
This gives a detail planning and designing of solar power system of 80KW demand per hour for Al-Falah School of engineering and technology, Brown hills college of engineering and technology, central canteen, masjid, Hostel as well as Al-Falah School of Training and Education.
electrical vehicle here described on the types of EV i.e. PHEV AND FCEV.An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is powered by electricity. EVs are either partially or fully powered by electricity. They use an electric motor powered by electricity from batteries or a fuel cell.
Some types of electric vehicles include:
Electric passenger cars
Electric buses
Electric trucks
Electric buggy
Electric tricycles
Electric bicycles
Electric motorcycles/scooters .
EVs have low running costs and are environmentally friendly. They have less moving parts for maintaining and use little or no fossil fuels. All-electric vehicles produce zero direct emissions. FCEVs use a propulsion system similar to that of electric vehicles, where energy stored as hydrogen is converted to electricity by the fuel cell. Unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, these vehicles produce no harmful tailpipe emissions.Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) use batteries to power an electric motor and another fuel, such as gasoline, to power an internal combustion engine (ICE).Plug-in-hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) are the bridge between traditional gasoline vehicles and strictly battery-powered electrics. In many cases, the PHEV model serves as the performance trim. See, for example, the 302-hp Toyota RAV4 Prime or the 5.0-second-to-60-mph Lincoln Aviator Grand Touring.Like all-electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) use electricity to power an electric motor. In contrast to other electric vehicles, FCEVs produce electricity using a fuel cell powered by hydrogen, rather than drawing electricity from only a battery.Why is FCEV better?
Fuel cell vehicles are more efficient than combustion engines – a typical FCEV has about a 300 mile range. Similar to electric vehicles and hybrid technologies, their regenerative braking system is capable of capturing energy lost during braking and storing it in the battery.Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) rely solely on a battery to power the car. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have both batteries and an internal combustion engine (ICE) that work together or separately to power the car. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) produce power from a hydrogen fuel cell in the car. PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
They are similar to HEVs but have a bigger battery pack and electric motor.
Read more about these types of EVs in the following sections.
1. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Vehicles powered solely by one or more electric batteries are known as BEVs. They are more popularly called EVs. Chargeable batteries power them, and there is no IC engine (petrol or diesel-powered). All the power comes from the battery pack, which is chargeable from the electricity grid. The charged battery pack sends power to one or more electric motors to move the vehicle.
Components of BEV
Battery pack
Electric motor(s).PHEVs are an extended form of HEVs. They have an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. However
Photovoltaic ( Pv ) Based Distributed Generators EssayLaura Torres
The document discusses photovoltaic (PV) based distributed generators (DGs) that are controlled as current sources to deliver active power to the grid from a PV source. The proposed algorithm considers the environmental conditions' effect on active power generation and assigns reactive power references to the inverters after computing available inverter capacity. This ensures equal utilization of inverters irrespective of DG active power variations and avoids overloading inverters. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink confirm the algorithm's effectiveness over other methods.
The document discusses using retired lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles for residential power storage applications. It describes dividing the project into hardware and software phases. The hardware phase involved building battery banks and load circuits, while the software phase uses LabView to monitor and measure the health of the battery banks. Testing showed the ability to plot voltage, current over time, calculate state of charge, and predict state of health based on initial and final battery capacity. The results demonstrated using retired EV batteries for secondary applications in homes.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of SupercapacitorsYogeshIJTSRD
In recent years, the demand for electric EV has increased drastically because of the rising pollution from emissions into the atmosphere in recent years. EV’s have simpler architecture, lower noise levels, better stability, and, most significantly, they safeguard the environment. Rapidly increasing population, energy consumption, and the need to reduce emissions through the conventional vehicle have motivated researchers to study the electric hybrid vehicles EHVs . In normal scenario in INDIA in electric vehicles like E cabs and E cars conventional battery is used and the real drawback of conventional batteries is that it drained out fast when used with full capacity and rechargeable is time significantly high usually 7 to 8 hours. A large number of methods have already been already proposed by various researchers that can solve the problem, however, these systems were not efficient enough for draining out the charging in EV. In order to overcome the limitation rapid discharge and slow recharge supercapacitors can be very significant solution of this problems. Using of solar panel is precure our environment which can be most important thing in this developing and growing world the use of solar in vehicle and using electric cars can be safeguard of our society and we can be free from using petroleum fuels which are limited and world can be made safer for our upcoming generations. supercapacitor used as additional energy storage for hybrid wind and photovoltaic system. It charges energy when it is windy or sunny and discharges when there is no power generated from photovoltaic or wind due to the sudden passing clouds disturbance or very low wind speed. Hence, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the supercapacitor and determine these different electric models. Satya Veer Singh | Poonam Kumari "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of Supercapacitors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45037.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45037/hybrid-electric-vehicle-charging-by-solar-panel-using-of-supercapacitors/satya-veer-singh
Feasibility analysis and modeling of a solar hybrid system for residential el...IJECEIAES
The process of transforming sunshine energy into electrical power is known as solar power generation. Photovoltaic (PV) technology has recently proved its cost-effectiveness and low environmental impact in generating power. The key goals of this study are to develop a solar PV system for charging electric vehicles (EVs) while utilizing the residential apartment's current domestic power supply. This study focuses on modeling grid-interactive solar PV systems for charging EVs inside a 40-unit residential apartment complex. The Solar Pro tool is used to do the techno-economic analysis of the modeled PV system. The research investigates the installation of a rooftop solar plant devoted to delivering electricity to EV charging devices on a real-time five-story residential building. The performance of the PV plant is tested under a variety of scenarios, including EV loading, shadow mapping, and local meteorological conditions. The PV plant's size is optimized at 150 kW, taking into consideration economic aspects as well as the actual proportions of the structure. In addition, the MiPower tool is used to do a load flow study of the modeled system, which includes both the grid and the PV system. This research evaluates line losses, line loading, and voltage levels at each bus at maximum loading circumstances.
2011 National Energy Policy Recommendations IEEE-USAJohn Ragan
The document provides recommendations for a national energy policy from IEEE-USA. It recommends increasing energy efficiency, transforming transportation through electrification and alternative fuels, greening the electric power supply through renewables, nuclear, and carbon capture, and building a stronger and smarter electrical infrastructure through a smart grid, transmission expansion, and large-scale electricity storage.
Market transformation in the energy sector. The implications of battery storage and reducing renewable energy costs to the Australian environment. Presents projections from NREL, DoE, CSIRO, GDF Suez, IRENA and others
- The document introduces the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI), which aims to achieve 70% clean energy in Hawaii by 2030 through 30% energy efficiency improvements and 40% renewable energy generation.
- It discusses various renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies being researched at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) that could help Hawaii meet its clean energy goals, such as net-zero energy buildings, solar and wind power, geothermal and biofuels.
The Differences between Single Diode Model and Double Diode Models of a Solar...ssuser793b4e
This research paper systematically reviewed and investigated single
diode model and double diode model of a solar photovoltaic systems in terms
of accuracy, differences under major unknown PV parameters, different
optimization and fabrication. This research paper reviewed the differences and
the similarities between the single diode model and double diode model. From
the review, it was clear that single diode model has less computation time and
number of unknown parameters compared to double diode model. The double
diode model on its own superiority is more accurate under solar shading
condition effect than single diode model but single diode model performs
better under high insolation levels. None of the two models is superior than
the other but the solar photovoltaic modelers/installers should bear the solar
irradiance of the environment before installation
Similar to UCSD to test 2nd Life EV Batteries for NREL & CCSE (20)
This document summarizes a study conducted by SDG&E on how time-of-use (TOU) electricity rates impact electric vehicle (PEV) charging decisions. The study found that TOU rates encouraged customers to charge their PEVs during super off-peak hours from midnight to 5am. Over 80% of total charging occurred during these low-cost super off-peak hours, regardless of the specific TOU rate structure. The study also found that onboard vehicle technology helped facilitate convenient off-peak charging. While charging patterns matured over the first 6 months of ownership, TOU rates were still effective at shifting charging to less expensive hours.
This report provides a method for calculating the renewable net short for California loadserving
entities and identifies data sources and input values for the calculation.
Renewable net short is an estimate of the gap (or net short) between current levels of
renewable energy production and target levels established by state policy for some
future date. Estimates of renewable net short are required to determine the amount of
new renewable generation capacity that must be built and/or delivered from out-of-state
sources to meet the Renewables Portfolio Standard target. This also includes
evaluating the electricity infrastructure requirements for integrating new generation
additions, and identifying market mechanisms that must be modified to provide the
ancillary services that would be required to maintain reliable system operations.
The CPUC modified the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) to conform with Senate Bill 412 and improve program outcomes. Key changes include:
1) Basing eligibility on achieving greenhouse gas reductions instead of financial need or cost-effectiveness.
2) Setting technology-based incentive levels and a hybrid payment structure of upfront and performance-based incentives.
3) Establishing metering, warranty, and other administrative requirements for participating technologies like advanced energy storage.
4) Allocating budgets among eligible wind, fuel cell, gas turbine, and other renewable and efficiency technologies.
ORNL econ analysis of repurposed EV batteries for Stationary ApplicationsUCSD-Strategic-Energy
The objective of this ORNL study is to explore the various possible markets for the secondary use of Li-ion batteries removed from electric or hybrid electric vehicles (EVs or HEVs) after they can no longer conform to vehicle specification but still have substantial functional life. This report is the first phase of the study, and the scope is limited to secondary use of Li-ion batteries in power system applications. The primary focus of this report is the cost competitiveness of these batteries for power grid applications. Original equipment manufacturers such as General Motors, Nissan, and Toyota offer long-term warranties for the battery packs in their vehicles. The expectation is that once battery efficiency (energy or peak power) decreases to 80%, the batteries will be replaced. The rationale is that a 20% reduction in the vehicle range, imposed by the decrease in efficiency, would be unacceptable to consumers. Based on various forecasts for market penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and EVs over the next 10 years, it is estimated that a large number of PHEVs and EVs will be approaching the 80% battery efficiency level by 2020. These batteries can be recycled or used in other less demanding applications provided a business case can be made for their secondary use. For this economic analysis, data have been gathered on the projected cost of new batteries in 2020 and the projected supply of HEVs, EVs, and PHEVs over the next decade. These data were then used to determine the potential supply of batteries for secondary use and the acceptable refurbishing costs. Based on this, a proposed sale price for the secondary-use batteries has been developed. This price and the system prices for various grid applications were used to calculate potential benefits. In this analysis, the battery pack was assumed to have a lifetime of either 5 or 10 years because the secondary life is dependent largely on application. The applications that offer the most attractive value proposition for secondary use of EV batteries over the entire range of value and cost assumptions used in this report include area regulation, transmission and distribution (T&D) upgrade deferral, and electric service power quality. Those applications should be targeted for additional in-depth analysis and initial deployment of used EV batteries as they become available in the market. However, these markets will presumably not be enough to absorb the entire volume of secondary-use EV batteries predicted for 2020 and beyond. The cost of the applications is determined by the cost of the used batteries, balance of system cost, refurbishment cost, transportation cost, and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. The transportation cost will depend on whether used batteries are treated as hazardous materials or hazardous waste. When calculating the cost of a particular application, the peak power requirement and the energy capacity of the storage system were defined based on simi
This document provides the agenda for a two-day DOE microgrid workshop held on August 30-31, 2011 at UC San Diego. Day 1 involves opening remarks, assigning breakout groups to discuss technical sessions on topics like switch technologies and inverters. The groups will identify priority R&D areas and plans. Day 2 will include reports from the breakout groups and a closing session. Transportation between the workshop location and hotel will be provided by shuttle buses.
UH-Maui College Wins DOE Grant for Renewable Energy Charging of Rental Electr...UCSD-Strategic-Energy
DOE Planning Grant for Electric Vehicles Awarded to UHMC and DBEDT
The Department of Energy has awarded nearly $300,000 to University of Hawaiʻi Maui College—in partnership with the State of Hawaiʻi Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism (DBEDT)—to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Hawaiʻi. UHMC was the only college or university that received a community planning grant in this initiative. “Our strategy,” says Susan Wyche, UHMC Special Projects Coordinator, “is to capitalize on Maui’s unique features that will support the mass adoption of electric vehicles, such as our short driving distances, high cost of gasoline, and the large number of rental vehicles that make up our vehicle population. Our goal is to have the highest EV ownership per capita in the world, and to combine that with the greatest percentage of fossil free sources to charge those EVs. Maui will serve as a case study for other islands in Hawaii, and the world.”
The strategy required extensive recruiting of partners willing to dedicate personnel time to the planning process. Over 30 partners will participate, including car rental companies and car dealers, resort hotels, utility companies, local and state environmental agencies, organizations with large vehicle fleets, and renewable energy producers. In addition, UHMC will be consulting with the University of California San Diego and San Diego Regional Clean Fuels Coalition, which have been national leaders in developing renewable energy resources, innovative policies, and studies on consumer use of electric vehicles.
“We worked with UH Maui College to get this grant because Maui is an ideal location for EV adoption. Maui attracts some two million visitors per year, and 85 percent of these use rental cars. Visitors and local people can test drive the cars; this will help them decide whether they would like to become EV owners. Many Maui resorts are putting in charging stations, so the infrastructure will be available. And EVs can be plugged in at night to use Maui-generated wind energy, which is usually most available in the evenings,” said Estrella Seese, acting administrator of DBEDT’s Energy Office.
The connection to renewable energy is key for the project, because the goal is not just to encourage drivers to switch to electric vehicles—which would only mean exchanging where the fuel is burned from the combustible engine to the central energy plant—but to power the vehicles through renewable energy. “This grant fits with the College’s goals of providing leadership in sustainable solutions for island-based economies,” says Chancellor Clyde Sakamoto, “We look forward to cooperatively spearheading this effort which will contribute to our independence from imported fuels.”
CPUC TAKES ACTION TO PROMOTE ALTERNATIVE-FUELED VEHICLES
SAN FRANCISCO, July 14, 2011 - The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) today furthered efforts to break down barriers for the widespread deployment and use of alternative-fueled vehicles in California.
In order to promote the use of electric vehicles, the CPUC today:
· Directed electric utilities to collaborate with automakers and other stakeholders to identify where electric vehicle charging will likely occur on their electric systems and plan accordingly. If a utility obtains timely notification that an electric vehicle will be charging in its service territory, the utility can address potential reliability problems, keep infrastructure costs down, and assist, as appropriate, with ensuring that electric vehicle owners have positive experiences with their vehicles.
· Affirmed that, with certain exceptions, the electric utilities' existing residential electric vehicle rates are sufficient for early electric vehicle market development, and, similarly, that existing commercial and industrial rates are sufficient in the early electric vehicle market for non-residential customers.
· Established a process to develop an electric vehicle metering protocol to accommodate increased electric vehicle metering options, such as submetering.
· Determined that until June 30, 2013, the costs of any distribution or service facility upgrades necessary to accommodate basic residential electric vehicle charging will be treated as shared cost.
· Required utilities to perform load research to inform future CPUC policy.
· Addressed utility ownership of electric vehicle service equipment.
This document provides capital workpapers for SDG&E's Smart Grid Portfolio project. The project aims to implement smart grid technologies across SDG&E's electric system to maintain reliability and accommodate increased renewable energy and electric vehicles. Key components of the project include energy storage, dynamic line ratings, and expanding SCADA capabilities. The workpapers provide cost forecasts and justification for the smart grid technologies included in the portfolio.
This document summarizes Southern California Edison's approach to evaluating energy storage applications. It identifies over 20 potential operational uses of energy storage across the electric grid. It then develops 12 representative applications by bundling related operational uses. Technologies are matched to each application, and application-technology pairs are evaluated based on their benefit-cost ratios under current and future scenarios. Applications that provide peak capacity over several hours, like shifting intermittent energy to peak periods or downstream distribution load shifting, are found to have the highest potential for cost-effectiveness.
Ricardo low carbon vehicle partnership life cycle co2 measure - final reportUCSD-Strategic-Energy
A Ricardo study released in June highlighted the increasing importance of accounting for whole life carbon emissions to compare the GHG of low carbon vehicles. Ricardo found that a typical medium sized family car will create around 24 tonnes of CO2 during its life cycle, while a battery electric vehicle (BEV) will produce around 18 tonnes over its life. For a battery EV, 46% of its total carbon footprint is generated at the factory, before it has travelled a single mile. If the charging source is renewable energy, i.e., “Tailpipe Endgame” rather than 500g/kWH that Ricardo assumed, then the battery EV would have a life cycle C02 footprint only 37% that of a standard gasoline vehicle. The report was prepared by Ricardo for, and in collaboration with, the expert membership of the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership that includes major vehicle manufacturers and oil companies, and it will be a strong baseline along with other analyses for all present and future funded efforts to document the environmental benefits of renewable energy charging of BEVs.
offers this policy framework to chart a path forward on the imperative to modernize the grid to take advantage of opportunities made possible by modern information, energy, and communications technology. This framework is premised on four pillars:
1. Enabling cost-effective smart grid investments
2. Unlocking the potential for innovation in the electric sector
3. Empowering consumers and enabling them to make informed decisions, and
4. Securing the grid.
Each pillar supports a set of policy recommendations that focus on how to facilitate a smarter and more secure grid. Progress in all four areas, as part of an overall grid modernization effort, will require sustained cooperation between the private sector, state and local governments, the Federal Government, consumer groups, and other stakeholders. Such progress is important for the United States to lead the world in the 21st century economy, be at the forefront of the clean energy revolution, and to win the future by encouraging American innovation.
Today’s electric grid needs to be more efficient, reliable, and secure. A modern,
smarter electric grid may save consumers money, help our economy run more
efficiently, allow rapid growth in renewable energy sources, and enhance energy
reliability. However, new technology will only be deployed if utilities, including
public power distributors, gain confidence in the associated integrated system
performance. The Department will therefore promote well-instrumented microgrids
for understanding the performance of new technologies in real-life settings, where
industry and researchers alike will access these capabilities via open, peer-reviewed
competition.
The document discusses strategies for effective cost management of electrical infrastructure through microgrids. It defines microgrids and outlines their benefits, such as optimized electrical infrastructure, distributed energy generation, and energy cost savings. It also provides a generic technology roadmap for developing an operational microgrid, including basic elements like energy services, energy experts, energy generation, energy storage, and automated demand response.
"The University California at San Diego’s Zero Emission Vehicle Project, with $2.5 million from the Energy Commission and additional U.S. DOE funds, is diverting a portion of its solar and biogas resources to charge a fleet of about 50 new PEVs. This study will establish the technical feasibility of using renewable energy to electrify the transportatsector." " All these developments can help solve the problem of “on‐peak” PEV charging. The Energy Commission will consider how to encourage further development of renewable PEV charging infrastructure."
This document discusses how microgrids can provide sustainable, affordable, secure and reliable energy through local generation and storage. It describes a microgrid master controller that optimizes energy usage and scheduling of assets in real-time based on market prices. The controller allows two-way communication and monitoring of energy usage down to individual circuits to improve efficiency and utilize on-site renewable generation and storage.
The University of California, San Diego has implemented numerous smart energy technologies and initiatives that have helped reduce costs and increase efficiency. This includes a cogeneration plant that provides 85% of campus electricity and 95% of heating and cooling. UCSD has also installed solar panels, plans to add an energy storage system, and is upgrading its control system to allow integrated optimization of generation, storage and load. The campus serves as a living laboratory for testing new technologies and their application to a microgrid and the smart grid.
Washom tsunami impacts on midway atoll 3 11-11 abbreviated versionUCSD-Strategic-Energy
Abbreviated version of seminar provided to Scripps Insitution of Oceanography by Byron Washom on 4-6/11 on the impacts of the 3-11-11 Honshu Tsunami on Midway Atoll.
AI-Powered Food Delivery Transforming App Development in Saudi Arabia.pdfTechgropse Pvt.Ltd.
In this blog post, we'll delve into the intersection of AI and app development in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the food delivery sector. We'll explore how AI is revolutionizing the way Saudi consumers order food, how restaurants manage their operations, and how delivery partners navigate the bustling streets of cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. Through real-world case studies, we'll showcase how leading Saudi food delivery apps are leveraging AI to redefine convenience, personalization, and efficiency.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
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Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
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- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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UCSD to test 2nd Life EV Batteries for NREL & CCSE
1. PHEV/EV Li-Ion Battery
Second-Use Project
Jeremy Neubauer
Ahmad Pesaran
April 2010
NREL/PR-540-48018
NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
2. NREL: News - NREL Team Investigates Secondary Uses for Electric Drive Vehicle Batteries
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NREL Team Investigates Secondary Uses for Electric Drive Vehicle
Research Support Facility Batteries
Construction Update
April 5, 2011
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), industry and
academia are teaming to give batteries from electric drive vehicles (EV) a “second life.” NREL’s partner is an
industry-academia team led by the California Center for Sustainable Energy (CCSE).
Possible secondary uses for lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries include residential and commercial electric power
management, power grid stabilization to help provide reliable electricity to users, and renewable energy
system firming — which in this case involves using batteries to make power provided to the grid by variable
resources such as wind and solar energy more useable. To date, no one has comprehensively studied the
feasibility, durability, and value of Li-ion batteries for second-use applications.
The project will begin with a comprehensive technical and economic analysis addressing all aspects of a
battery’s lifecycle in search of the best second-use strategies, followed by a comprehensive test program to
verify findings, particularly battery lifetimes. For the field test, researchers will deploy aged EV batteries at
the University of California (UC), San Diego’s campus-wide electric power grid. The results of the study will:
Provide validated tools and data on battery life to industry for battery reuse
Recommendations for EV battery design and manufacturing practices
Identify the necessary regulatory changes to encourage secondary battery use
Assess the economic benefit of second uses
The cost of Li-ion batteries also currently affects the affordability of EVs for consumers. Researchers will do a
technical and economic investigation to see if the potential for reusing Li-ion batteries could lead to
consumers obtaining a cost credit for the remaining value of a used battery, potentially offsetting a portion of
the initial cost to the EV buyer. It might be the case that while a battery no longer has sufficient power for
an EV, it still has the capability to meet the needs of other less demanding applications.
Allocating used electric vehicle batteries to second-use applications also could benefit the environment by
delaying the recycling or disposing of batteries, and by supplying a service that improves the efficiency and
cleanliness of other industries.
Team Members
The CCSE project team includes the UC Davis’s Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research Center, the UC
Berkeley, Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC), UC San Diego Strategic Energy Initiatives,
San Diego Gas & Electric, and AeroVironment.
The NREL award to the CCSE team leverages an ongoing UC Davis-CCSE-TSRC study funded by the California
Energy Commission on the repurposing of used EV batteries for home energy storage. The total budget for
the NREL-CCSE second use battery project is approximately $1.3 million with 51 percent of the funding
coming from CCSE and its partners.
This activity is sponsored by DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NREL’s cross-cutting
capabilities and expertise in energy storage, advanced vehicles, grid interfaces, system analysis, and solar
and wind energy will provide overall project direction and critical assessment.
NREL is the Department of Energy’s primary national laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency
research and development. NREL is operated for DOE by The Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
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Content Last Updated: April 05, 2011
http://www.nrel.gov/news/press/2011/959.html[5/13/2011 5:23:42 AM]
3. PHEV/EV Adoption
• Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
(PHEVs) and full electric vehicles
(EVs) have massive potential to
reduce U.S. dependence on foreign
oil and emissions…
• …but their high initial battery costs
inhibit rapid proliferation
– EV packs can cost more than $30,000!
• One option to reduce initial battery
cost: reuse it in a second
application following its retirement
from automotive service and obtain
a cost credit for its residual value
Becker, “Electric Cars in the United States: A New Model with Forecasts to 2030”
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2 Innovation for Our Energy Future
4. Battery Reuse Strategies
Manufactured & Installed • PHEV/EV batteries degraded to
in Automobile
70%-80% of their original
power/capacity are insufficient for
Employed in Automotive automotive use
Application
• These “retired” batteries may still
Refurbished & Installed in
Second Use Application
be highly useful and could be
reused in other applications
Employed in Second Use
Application
• “Second-use” applications could
significantly increase the total
lifetime value of the battery, and
Recycled thus reduce its cost to the
automotive user
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 3 Innovation for Our Energy Future
5. Some Second Use Applications
• Grid-Based Stationary
– Energy Time Shifting
– Renewables Firming
– Service Reliability / Quality
• Off-Grid Stationary
– Backup Power
– Remote Installations
• Mobile
– Commercial Idle Off
– Utility & Rec. Vehicles
– Public Transportation
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4 Innovation for Our Energy Future
6. Second Use History
• General second use of automotive traction batteries has been studied
before:
– Pinsky, et al., “Electric Vehicle Battery 2nd Use Study”
– EPRI, “Market Feasibility for Nickel Metal Hydride and Other Advanced
Electric Vehicle Batteries in Selected Stationary Applications”
– Cready, et al. “Technical and Economic Feasibility of Applying Used EV
Batteries in Stationary Applications”
• Results showed some promise, but highlighted several barriers:
– Sensitivity to uncertain degradation rates in second use
– High cost of battery refurbishment and integration
– Low cost of alternative energy storage solutions
– Lack of market mechanisms and presence of regulation
– Perception of used batteries
• Due in part to the limited market of PHEV/EVs at the time, no second
use programs have been implemented yet
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5 Innovation for Our Energy Future
7. Renewed Interest in Second Use Programs
• New opportunities and dynamics for second use of
PHEV/EV batteries are driven by…
– Recent strong interest in PHEV/EVs for reducing emissions and
dependence on imported oil
– Increased need for grid-integrated energy storage to address peak
load reduction, grid stabilization / reliability, energy efficiency, etc.
– Envisioned growth of renewable solar and wind electricity further
increasing the value of grid-integrated energy storage
– Large investment in battery manufacturing for green economy
– Advances in Li-ion batteries with longer life, but still high cost
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 6 Innovation for Our Energy Future
8. Present Second Use & Related Activities
• AEP & EPRI… developing a Community Energy Storage (CES) appliance,
which they’ve stated is “the ideal secondary market we have been seeking for
used PHEV batteries”
• UC Davis… has released an RFP titled “Second Life Applications and Value of
Traction Lithium Batteries” to investigate profitable second use strategies and
develop a Home Energy Storage Appliance (HESA)
• UC Berkeley/CEC… investigated strategies to overcome the battery cost of
plug-in vehicles by the value of integrating post-vehicle battery to grid
• Rochester Institute of Technology… funded by NYSERDA to investigate the
second use of lithium ion batteries
• Nissan… has partnered with Sumitomo to initiate a business plan centered on
recovering and reselling used automotive batteries
• Enerdel … is working with Itochu to develop energy storage systems for
apartment buildings to “help develop a secondary market” for used batteries
• Better Place… is “evaluating … second life applications for used batteries” in
partnership with Renault-Nissan
• DOE / NREL… funded to investigate reducing initial PHEV/EV battery cost via
the second use of automotive lithium ion batteries
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 7 Innovation for Our Energy Future
9. NREL: Uniquely Positioned to Investigate Second Use
Li-Ion Batteries
Energy
Analysis
Utilities & Grids Solar Energy Wind Energy
Hybrid & Electric Vehicles Energy Efficient Commercial & Residential Buildings
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 8 Innovation for Our Energy Future
10. DOE - NREL’s Second Use Project
• Objective: Identify, assess, and verify profitable
applications for the second use of PHEV/EV Li-ion traction
batteries to reduce the cost and accelerate adoption of
PHEV/EVs
• Strategy:
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3:
Assess Verify Facilitate
Merit Performance Implementation
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 9 Innovation for Our Energy Future
11. Phase 1: Assess the Merit
of Second Use Applications
and Strategies
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3:
Assess Verify Facilitate
Merit Performance Implementation
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 10 Innovation for Our Energy Future
12. Application Identification
• All applications are
considered, but high-value /
high-impact ones are most
desirable Numerous grid-connected
applications at consumer to
power plant levels, ranging
from T&D support to energy
• Accurate use profiles and time shifting
economic data are needed
Secondary mobile
applications may also
prove valuable
• Application value and
impact will be estimated
before progressing to a
detailed investigation
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 11 Innovation for Our Energy Future
13. Application Identification
• For each application, consider…
– How does a battery retired from automotive service perform when
subjected to the second use profile?
– What are the projected revenues and costs?
– What are the safety concerns and liabilities?
– How do the performance, life, and cost of a second use battery compare
with those of competing technologies?
– What are the regulatory issues or other barriers specific to this
application?
– Is the scale of this application well suited to the expected availability of
retired PHEV/EV batteries?
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 12 Innovation for Our Energy Future
14. Tool Development & Use
• Must consider value and performance in both automotive
and secondary use environments to calculate total lifetime
battery value
Second
Use
Automotive
Use
Eyer, “Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits
and Market Potential Assessment Guide”
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 13 Innovation for Our Energy Future
15. Tool Development & Use
• First, model performance through automotive use
– Consider multiple automotive scenarios, such as various climates,
use profiles, initial sizing strategies, retirement dates, etc.
Scenario 2: Standard
auto use, retired early
Scenario 1: Standard
auto use, retired @ 70%
Scenario 3: Aggressive
auto use, retired @ 70%
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 14 Innovation for Our Energy Future
16. Tool Development & Use
• Next, select a second use application (or aggregation
thereof) and model performance in the second life
– Consider appropriate second use application variables
These example second
use apps retired @ 60%
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15 Innovation for Our Energy Future
17. Tool Development & Use
• Third, calculate the net
present value of each Scenario 2: $16479
scenario and select the Scenario 1: $15333
optimum use strategy
– Apply a $/mile valuation to
automotive life?
Scenario 3: $8030
– Include both a discount rate
for future revenue and
anticipated increase /
decrease in future second
use revenue
– Account for costs, including
reconfiguration, shipping,
maintenance, etc.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 16 Innovation for Our Energy Future
18. Tool Development & Use
Scenario 2: $16479
• Some things to consider Early retirement sounds good here…
but under these assumptions the
in a proper analysis… battery is most cost-effective when
never installed in an automobile!
Scenario 1: $15333
– Every time a battery is
replaced in a car, a cost is
incurred to the owner
– Linear battery degradation
may not be a good Scenario 3: $8030
Looks really bad, but
assumption remember the initial
battery cost is assumed
to be much lower!
– If the second use
application is too valuable,
operators may choose new
batteries over used ones
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 17 Innovation for Our Energy Future
19. Tool Development & Use
• Repeat for multiple (aggregations of)
second use applications, identify the
best ones, and calculate an initial
battery price discount
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 18 Innovation for Our Energy Future
20. Tool Development & Use
• Questions the tool will be asked to answer…
– How do different automotive use profiles, environmental conditions, and
lifetimes affect performance in the second use application?
– What is the total lifetime value of the battery, in both its automotive and
second use applications?
– What is the sensitivity of total lifetime value to use history and other
parameters?
– What is the uncertainty in the complete analysis?
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 19 Innovation for Our Energy Future
21. Optimizing Use Strategies What design and
manufacturing practices
should be employed?
• For a given second use Manufactured & Installed
application, there can be many in Automobiles
How should the
different ways to implement it battery be used and
retired?
Employed in Automotive
• Changing these variables can Applications
have a significant impact on How do you collect,
screen, refurbish, certify,
total lifetime value and general & distribute the batteries?
feasibility Refurbished for Second
Use Applications
How do you manage
ancillary systems, the
• In this segment, the use use of multiple packs,
and servicing needs?
strategy of the battery is Employed in
optimized via the developed Second Use Applications
tools and practical
considerations Who owns
the battery at
each stage?
Recycle
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 20 Innovation for Our Energy Future
22. Optimizing Use Strategies
• Example timeline …
Decision to remove /
replace battery in auto
Battery manufactured based on…
& installed in auto • In-car performance? Decision to retire / replace
• Second use value? battery based on…
• Replacement cost? • Safety concerns?
• Cont’d second use value?
• Replacement cost?
• Recycled value?
Auto continues
with new battery…
Regular performance
checks to support Second use service
retirement election continues with battery
replacement
Regular performance
checks to support
Retired auto battery
retirement election
tested, certified, and Battery recycled
reconfigured
Battery shipped
and installed for
second use
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 21 Innovation for Our Energy Future
23. Selecting the Best Applications & Strategies
• Maximum total lifetime value of the battery (biggest
initial cost reduction)
• High feasibility of implementation
• Matched well to the size of the PHEV/EV market
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 22 Innovation for Our Energy Future
24. Phase 2: Verify Performance
In Second Use Applications
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3:
Assess Verify Facilitate
Merit Performance Implementation
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 23 Innovation for Our Energy Future
25. Acquire Aged Li-Ion Batteries
• Prefer field-tested
Courtesy chevrolet.com Courtesy fiskerautomotive.com
batteries from (pre)
production PHEV/EVs
• Accelerated aging via Courtesy nissanusa.com Courtesy thinkev.com
lab testing is also an
option, but may not
ensure correlation with
actual field use
Courtesy miniusa.com
• Mass-produced cell Courtesy teslamotors.com
and pack designs are
required
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 24 Innovation for Our Energy Future
26. Conduct Long-Term Testing
• Subject the aged batteries to the expected use profile and
conditions of the second use application to verify performance
and degradation predictions and lifetime valuations
• Lab testing for precise
control of conditions
• Field testing for final
demonstration
NREL’s Distributed
Energy Resources Test
Facility could serve as a
venue for this phase
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 25 Innovation for Our Energy Future
27. Phase 3: Facilitate Implementation of Second Use Programs
– Disseminate study findings to inform the market of the
potential profitability of the second use of traction batteries
– Provide validated tools and data to industry
– Develop design and manufacture standards for
PHEV/EV batteries that facilitate their reuse
– Propose regulatory changes to encourage the reuse of
retired traction batteries in other applications
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3:
Assess Verify Facilitate
Merit Performance Implementation
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 26 Innovation for Our Energy Future
28. DOE-NREL’s Second Use Program Status
Where we are now
Phase 1: Phase 2: Phase 3:
Assess Verify Facilitate
Merit Performance Implementation
• High-level objectives and strategies have been formulated
• Work has begun on researching possible second use applications
and on tools to forecast performance / degradation
• Discussions with possible partners are under way
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 27 Innovation for Our Energy Future
29. What’s Next?
• NREL is currently seeking partners to investigate the reuse of retired
PHEV/EV traction batteries to reduce vehicle cost and emissions as
well as our dependence on foreign oil
• A Request for Proposal (RFP) will be issued in April 2010 seeking
subcontractors to support all aspects of this effort
• A workshop to solicit industry feedback on the entire process is also
being planned
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 28 Innovation for Our Energy Future
30. Acknowledgements
• This activity is funded by the DOE Vehicle Technologies
Program, Energy Storage Technology
• We appreciate the support provided by DOE program
managers
– David Howell
– Steve Goguen
• Technical questions regarding Battery Second Use
should be directed to Jeremy Neubauer at 303-275-
3084 or jeremy.neubauer@nrel.gov
• Questions regarding the request for proposals should
be directed to Kathee Roque at kathee.roque@nrel.gov
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 29 Innovation for Our Energy Future