This document provides information about the ME 210 "Machine Tools and Machining" course taught by Vikrant Sharma at MITS University. The course objectives are to understand basic machining parameters, tool wear, machine tools, and methods for generating surfaces. Recommended textbooks are listed. Manufacturing is defined as the process of converting raw materials into products through value-adding processes. Machining involves gradually removing excess material from a workpiece in the form of chips using cutting tools. Machine tools are powered devices that facilitate machining processes. Chip formation and types of chips formed are also discussed.

1. Machine Tools and Machining
ME 210 (3-0-0-3)
Vikrant Sharma
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
FET, MITS
vsharma.et@mitsuniversity.ac.in
9887342424

2. Course Objective








Understanding the basic parameters in the metal cutting
operation.
Different types of chips formed in metal cutting.
Select cutting tool material for metal cutting.
Understand tool wear and tool life.
Determine cutting forces.
Understand classification of various machine tools.
Understand different components of the machine tools and their
functions.
Identify various methods used to generate different types of
surfaces.
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

3. Books






Rao P N, “Manufacturing Technology”
Lindberg Roy, “Processes and materials of manufacturing”
Ostwald Phillip, “ Manufacturing Processes and Systems”
Chapman, “Workshop Technology”
DeGarmo, “Materials and Processes in Manufacturing”
Kalpakjian, “Manufacturing Engineering & Technology”
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

4. Manufacturing:
Manufacturing is an industrial activity that
changes the form of raw materials to create
product.
Manufacture is derived from the Latin, manu
factus, means “made by hand”.
Manufacturing is value addition processes. It is
process of conversion of low utility and low value
into a product of high utility and more value of
required shape, size and dimension.
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

5. Lump of
iron /steel
(Raw Material)
Product
Processes
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

6. Manufacturing is science & technology for producing
objects

Effectively

Efficiently

Economically
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

7. This can be achieved through

Proper selection & application of existing processes &
systems.
 Proper selection & use of
materials, tools, machine, environment etc.
 Improvement of existing material & processes
 Development of new
material, processes, machine, technology etc.
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

8. raw
material
finished
product
Conversion Process
Selection of optimum process is based on some objective





manufacturing time
production rate
manufacturing cost
profit
profit rate
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

9. Classification of manufacturing processes
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

10. Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

11. Machining :
Machining is an essential process of finishing by which
jobs of desired dimensions and surface finish are
produce by gradually removing the excess material
from the preformed blank in the form of chips with the
help of cutting tools move past the work surface.
Machine Tool :
A machine tool is a non portable power operating device
or system of devices in which energy is expanded to
produce job of desired size by gradually removing the
excess material from the preformed blank in the form of
chips with the help of cutting tools move past the work
surface.
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

12. Machining Requirement
Power
Blank
Machine
Fixture
m/c process
Product
Analysis
Tools
Environment
Correction
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

13. Major functional component of machine tools:





Device for holding job and tools
Drive(s) for providing power and motions
Kinematics system(s) to transmit motion
Automation and control system
Structure/body
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

14. Machining is a process of gradual removal of excess
material from the preformed blanks in the form of chips.
The form of the chips is an important index of machining
because it directly or indirectly indicates :
 Nature and behavior of the work material under
machining condition
 Specific energy requirement (amount of energy required
to remove unit volume of work material) in machining
work.
 Nature and degree of interaction at the chip-tool
interfaces.
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

15. Mechanism of chip formation
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

16. Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

17. Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

18. Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

19. Chip formation
There are three types of chips that are commonly
produced in cutting,

Œdiscontinuous chips
 • continuous chips
 Ž continuous chips with built up edge
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
ME 210

20. Discontinuous chips :

When relatively brittle materials (e.g., cast irons) are
machined at low cutting speeds, the chips often form
into separate segments.
 This tends to impart an irregular texture to the
machined surface. High tool–chip friction and large feed
and depth of cut promote the formation of this chip type.
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

21. Continuous chips :

When ductile work materials are cut at high speeds and
relatively small feeds and depths, long continuous chips
are formed.
 A good surface finish typically results when this chip
type is formed. A sharp cutting edge on the tool and low
tool–chip friction encourage the formation of continuous
chips.
 Long, continuous chips (as in turning) can cause
problems with regard to chip disposal and/or tangling
about the tool. To solve these problems, turning tools
are often equipped with chip breakers
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

22. Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME

23. Continuous chips with built up edge (BUE) :
When machining ductile materials at low-to medium
cutting speeds, friction between tool and chip tends to
cause portions of the work material to adhere to the
rake face of the tool near the cutting edge. This
formation is called a built-up edge (BUE)
Vikrant Sharma FET, MITS
210
ME