The document discusses the key components and processes of a speed frame machine. It describes the functions of creeling, drafting, twisting, building, and winding processes to attenuate sliver and produce roving. The drafting system and its roller configuration is explained. Common issues like irregular roving, breakages, and machine faults are also summarized.

1. Machine parameter of speed
Frame

3.  The chief function of roving frame is the attenuation
of sliver.
 To draft the sliver to reduce weight per unit length.
 Insertion of protective twist in order to hold the fine
strand of sliver.
 To make conical or tapper shape of the bobbin.
 Wind the twisted roving on to the bobbin.
 Winding of roving into a package that can be
transported, sorted, donned on ring spinning
machine.

4.  Creeling: Creeling is the first objective of speed frame
arrangement. By the creeling, small amount of draft is applied to
the drawn sliver.
 Drafting: Attenuation of drawn sliver to produce required amount
of roving by drafting. Thick drawn sliver is converted into thin
roving by drafting system.
 Twisting: Small amount of twist is inserted in the drafted stand of
fibres by the twisting. The amount of twist is very low.
 Building: Build the roving on to bobbin such a form which will
facilate unwinding, handling and transfer to the next process.
 Winding: Produced or twisted roving is wound on the bobbin by
the winding process. This bobbin is feed to the ring frame and
this bobbin accelerates the next process. So, it is important.
 Doffing: It is the optional function of speed frame. Doffing could
be done manually or automatically.

5.  There are two principle reason:
 First reason is to apply drafting.
 Sliver is thick, untwisted strand that tends to be
hairy and to create fly. There fore, if we directly
want to produce yarn from sliver by discarding
simplex, we need 300 to 500 draft to do so. But the
fine twisted roving is significantly better suited to
this purpose.
 Second reason is related with transportation and
space limitation on ring frame.
 Draw frame “can” is the worst conceivable mode of
transportation and presentation of feed material.

6.  The creel
 The drafting arrangement
 Roller drafting
system
 The apron
 Applying pressure
to the top roller.
 The condenser
 The spacer
 Winding of bobbin
 Package
build
 Bobbin drive
 Cone drive transmission
 The lifter motion
 The builder motion
 Spindle & flyer
 Imparting
twist
 Spindle
 Flyer
 Design of
flyer
 Pressure arm

7. Roller Drafting system
 Conventional roller drafting system:
 4 over 4 without apron.
 Modern Roller drafting system:
 3 over 3 drafting system with double apron (Lakshmi
Rieter FS185P)
 4 over 4 drafting system with double apron (SKF PK
1600)

8.  Draft range: Total draft 5 to 20
 Total draft is distributed in each zone as follows:
 Back zone: Break draft is applicable in here. Amount of
break draft is depends upon material.
Material Break Draft
Sliver Coarse 1.5-1.4
Sliver Medium 1.4-1.3
Sliver Fine 1.3-1.2
Sliver MMF 1.2-1.1

9.  Back zone:
 Less amount draft is applicable in here.
 Condenser is used in middle zone to condense sheet
like sliver.
 Front zone:
 Maximum amount of draft is applicable in
here. Apron is used in this zone.

10.  Top rollers are synthetic rubber coated
 Bottom rollers are made of steel
 Front, 3rd and back rollers (bottom) are spiral fluted.
 2nd roller has granulated pin.

11. Roller Front roller 2nd roller 3rd roller Back roller
Top roller 28 mm 25 mm 28 mm 28 mm
Bottom
roller
30-32 mm 25-27 mm 30-32 mm 30-32 mm

13. The upper aprons are short and made either
of leather or more commonly of synthetic
rubbers. They have a thickness of about 1
mm and are held by tensioning device.
The lower aprons are longer and usually
made of leather. They run over the guide
bar, usually known as nose bar, to position
close to the delivery roller.
Function:
The aprons co-operated with each other t
guide and transports the fibers during drafting
and they exert a very significant influence on
the drafting operations.

14.  The top roller must be pressed with relatively
high force against the lower rollers to ensure the
guidance of fiber.
 Pressure are in the range of 100 to 250 N per
roller which may vary as per raw material and its
volume.
 Pressure is applied by spring pressure, pneumatic
weighting, magnetic weighting.

15. Feature:
• Condensers are mounted on a reciprocating bar
behind the drafting arrangement.
• The second condenser is provided in break draft
field.
• And the 3rd one is located in main draft field.
Function:
• Spreading sliver masses are condensed to
improve evenness and lead to drafting zone.
Advantage:
• Reduce the high fly level and hairiness of roving.

16.  As the top apron are forced by spring pressure against
the lower apron, the arrangement of this apron should
permit precise adoption of minimum distance to fibre
volume. In order to be able to maintain this minimum
distance, spacer are replace ably inserted between the
nose bar of the lower apron and the cradle edge of top
apron. Spacer size is 4 to 7 mm in accordance with
roving hank.

17. •

18.  Flyer is used to impart twist
 Flyer has two legs, one with hollow path or slot and
pressure arm another for balancing the flyer while
rotating.
 Flyer is placed on spindle, it gets motion by
gearing.
 Flyer speed has direct influence on production.
 Flyer can be varying in sizes which are specified in
inch. For example, 12”X 5.5”, 12”X6” and 14”X6”.
First no. indicate maximum height and second no.
indicate maximum dia of wound package.

19. The spindle is a simply support and drive
element for the flyer,without any axuilary
function. It is a long steel shaft mounted at
it’s lower end in a bearing.
 Types of spindle:
 01.mounted mounted.
 02.closed mounted.
 03.top mounted.

20.  A steel yoke attached to the lower end of hollow
flyer leg is called pressure arm.
 The roving is wrapped 2 or 3 times around the
yoke.
 The no. of turn determine the roving tension.
For higher tension, a hard compact package is
obtained and if it is too high false draft or roving
breakage can be caused.
 Therefore, the no. of wrap depends upon
material and twist level.

21.  Bobbin leading principle (For cotton spinning)
 Flyer leading principle (For jute spinning)

22.  Bobbin speed is higher than flyer
speed at all point of winding.
 The winding on speed is constant
throughout the process.
 With the increase of bobbin dia,
bobbin speed must be decreased.
 The variation of bobbin speed
with the increase of bobbin dia
must be constant.
 Less tension on roving. RPM
d
Empty
Bobbin
Full
Bobbin
Bobbin
Speed
Flyer Speed

23.  Flyer speed is higher than
bobbin speed at all point of
winding.
 The winding on speed is
constant throughout the
process.
 With the increase of bobbin
dia, bobbin speed must be
increased.
 The variation of bobbin speed
with the increase of bobbin dia
must be constant.
 Higher tension on roving.
Flyer Speed
Empty
Bobbin
Full
Bobbin
Bobbin
Speed

24. The speed frame is the machine that has gone least
change. This can be realised from the fact that a spindle
speed of 1,500 rpm as on date as compared to 600 rpm in
1950s. Still there are certain changes that have been
carried out for better production and quality like,
I. Increase the roving bobbin dia from 4″ to 7″ and lift
from 8″ to 16″.
II. Use of straight cone drum instead of hyperbolic cone
drum for better control over the roving tension etc
III. The roving frames are equipped with auto doffing
system that apart from avoiding man handling and
reduce doffing time.
IV. Decrease the sliver damage by modifying the flyer top.
V. The flyer is now making with plastic which helps to light
weight and low power consumption.

25.  01/ Irregular Roving.
 02/ Roving breakage .
 03/ Sliver breakage.
 04/ Roller lapping.
 05/ Unequal tapering .
 06/ Hard roving bobbin.
 07/ Ridgy bobbin .
 08/Thicks thin place.
M/C Faults:
i. Fluction of power
ii. Ununiform rotation of flyer
iii. Using of damaged flyer
iv. Damage top roller
v. Damage apron.