Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
Analysis of rejected ring cops in autoconer winding machineTaukir Kabir Tusar
This work describes the causes of rejections of rejected ring cops in autoconer winding machine with assessment of various experimental datas from various quality instruments . This causes includes count variation , co efficient of variation (CV%) , Thick and thin places , neps , slubs , hairiness and some miscellunous causes like oil stained yarns , crackers in yarns , half and excess full cops , coca cola shaped cops etc . This work also suggest a few ways to solve the problems and to reduce the rejection rate of cops in an acceptable range . Sufficient amount of figures and graphs are also included here to make this work more accurate .
Opening in blow room means opening into small flocks. Technological operation of opening means the volume of the flock is increased while the number of fibres remains constant
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
Analysis of rejected ring cops in autoconer winding machineTaukir Kabir Tusar
This work describes the causes of rejections of rejected ring cops in autoconer winding machine with assessment of various experimental datas from various quality instruments . This causes includes count variation , co efficient of variation (CV%) , Thick and thin places , neps , slubs , hairiness and some miscellunous causes like oil stained yarns , crackers in yarns , half and excess full cops , coca cola shaped cops etc . This work also suggest a few ways to solve the problems and to reduce the rejection rate of cops in an acceptable range . Sufficient amount of figures and graphs are also included here to make this work more accurate .
Opening in blow room means opening into small flocks. Technological operation of opening means the volume of the flock is increased while the number of fibres remains constant
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
INTRODUCTION
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning machine in the near future, because it exhibits significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes.
Following are the advantages of ring spinning frame
• It is universally applicable, i.e. any material can be spun to any required count
• It delivers a material with optimum characteristics, especially with regard to structure and strength.
• It is simple and easy to master
• The know-how is well established and accessible for everyone
Warp knitting is a family of knitting methods in which the yarn zigzags along the length of the fabric, i.e., following adjacent columns ("wales") of knitting, rather than a single row ("course"). For comparison, knitting across the width of the fabric is called weft knitting
Fabric Manufacturing Technology for Shoe UpperTanvir Moin
Fabric is a plain sheet of cloth, which is made from natural or man-made fibres by weaving or knitting process. Most fabrics are knitted or woven, but some are produced by non-woven processes such as braiding, felting, twisting, etc. Fabric considers a major raw material in the footwear manufacturing process.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Combing action
1. AKM Sahedujjaman (SAJU)
Student of Textile Engineering
City University, Dhaka
Email:shahedsaju2015@gmail.com
Cell: 01737-171048
Combing action:
The straightening and paralleling of fibers and the removal of short fiber are neps and impurities by
using a comb or combs assisted brushes and rollers is called combing action.
Objects of combing action:
Elimination of a precisely, pre-determined amount of short fiber.
Elimination of remaining impurities.
Elimination of large proportion of neps from the fiber material.
Formation of combed sliver with maximum possible evenness.
Sequence of operation of comber:
I. Felling
II. Nipping
III. Rotary combing
IV. Nipper forward
V. Web return
VI. Piecing
VII. Detaching
VIII. Combing by the top comb
IX. Top comb withdrawing
X. Brushing
Noil:
The waste found in comber machine which mainly short fibers or neps.
2. Production calculation of comber:
Lap weight = 750 grain/yards
Nips/min =300
Feed/nips = 5.5 mm
Noil =15%
No of head = 8
Calculate the production hour /shift ?
Solution:
Here,
Lap weight = 750 grain/yards [7000 grain= 1 pound]
Nips/min =300
Feed/nips = 5.5 mm
Noil = 15% = =85/100 =0.85
Prod. / hrs. =
=
=30.31 kg
=30.31 8 (1 shift =8 hours)
= 243 kg (Ans.)
Objectives of lap formation:
I. To produce a suitable lap formation for combing.
II. To wind the lap or bobbin.
III. Facilitate the next subsequent process.
Working principle of super lap former:
3. Fig: super lap former
In this machine, 42 slivers are used to form the lap . Dram sliver are arranged on a creel in three individual vertical columns. The
machine has a three layered feed table. From the 1st
column (on left) sliver are enter to the bottom layer of the table, then from the
mid column to the mid layer and from the 3rd
columns to the layer. The slivers move forward though the pairs of guide rollers
(Leather coated top roller and fluted steel bottom). The table is made of metal, the slivers can slip and move on to it. Then the
three layers of slivers from three layers of feed table entre to the 4 over 4 drafting zone. After drafting the lap is wound on to
bobbin by the help of two lap rollers.
Simplex / roving frame
Objective of simplex / roving frame:
I. To form the required hank of roving by drafting.
II. To insert small amount of twist to give required strength roving.
III. To wind the roving on bobbin.
IV. To build the roving on bobbin in such a form this will facilitate handing and withdrawing.
Necessity of simplex:
I. High draft range cannot be achieve in one frame to form yarn to sliver.
II. Drawn sliver is not in such a form so that it can be feed directly to the ring frame.
Functions of simplex:
Cree ling:
To arrange finisher drawn frame sliver toward creel for further processing.
4. Drafting:
A process of drawing out laps, slivers and roving to decrease the thickness .
Twisting:
Method of on an imparting twist.
Winding:
A process of accumulating roving on bobbin.
Building:
Technique of forming bobbin to a uniform shape.
Doffing:
The removal of textile material or package from a textile machine.
Modern drafting system (Apron draft):
Characteristics of modern drafting system:
1. Roller weighting is spring or pneumatic.
2. Not require to change the roller setting due to slight variation of fiber length.
3. Apron (Endless synthetic or rubber sheet) is used here and fiber moves with its contact.
4. There is a control or fiber while leaving the nip point, so fiber controlling l is better.
5. Apron may be single (Bottom drafting roller) or double both top and bottom drafting system.
6. Helps to maintain fiber alignment.
Roller hardness:
Hardness of synthetic coating is expressed by shore and denoted by degree.
Hardness is highest at back gradually decrease to the front.
Example:
Back - (75-80)
Front – 65
Twist insertion on roving/flyer:
5. Function of flyer:
Helps to insert twist on strands of fiber.
Holds the roving.
Helps to wind.
Helps for building.
Calculation of T.P.I (twist per inch):
T.P.I =
Factors considered for T.P.I in simple machine:
Staple length of fiber(staple length , strength ,twist ,production )
Fineness of fiber ( Mic , fineness ,no of fiber in cross section , twist )
Hank of roving ( count , twist )
Types of material ( Polyester : twist cotton : twist )
Bobbin loading principle of winding:
I. In order to wind roving on to bobbin, the bobbin speed must be higher than spindle/
flyer speed, at point of winding.
II. With increase in bobbin diameter the bobbin speed must be decreased.
III. The reduction of bobbin speed with in bobbin diameter must be re-corrected.
IV. The variation of bobbin speed with the increases in bobbin diameter must be
synchronized.
Change wheels in simplex:
DCP – Draft Change Pinion.
DCCP – Draft Constant Change Pinion.
TCP – Twist Change Pinion.
TCCP – Twist Constant Change Pinion.
RCW – Retched Change Wheel.
LCP – Lappet Change Pinion.
6. SSCP – Surface Speed Change pinion.
PCW – Pigeon Change Wheel.
SWCP – Spur Wheel Change Pinion.
BCDCP – Back Constant Draft Change Pinion.
Common faults or problem in simplex machine:
1. Stretch roving:
I. Improper cone drum belt starting position.
II. Improper no. of rat chest wheel teeth.
III. More tension draft.
2. Rigidity bobbin (uneven bobbin surface):
I. Faulty bobbin rail movement.
II. Broken lifter shaft bearing.
3. Soft bobbin :
I. Less no. of teeth in new.
II. Less winding speed with respect to delivery speed.
III. Higher rate of bobbin rail speed (less coil / inch).
4. Unequal tapering :
I. Unequal setting of pucker rod (Imperfect leveling).
II. Unequal pucker rod.
5. Doubles :
I. Double sliver feeding.
II. After breaking if the roving attach with another.
III. Long piecing.
6. Slough off :
I. Improper tapering.
II. Imperfect building motion.
7. Cut- roving:
I. Closer setting of two drafter roller.
II. High top roller weight.
III. Broken gear of drafting zone.
8. Irregular roving :
I. Irregular feed sliver.
II. Roller lapping.
III. Incorrect distribution of draft.
IV. Incorrect tension draft.
V. Worn out drafting roller.
9. Excessive and breaking :
I. Loose cone drugs belt.
II. Insufficient twist.
III. Roller lapping.
IV. Higher tension draft.
V. Higher or lower winding or speed than delivery.
VI. Thick or their or stubby roving.
10 . Slobs :
I. Improper drafting.
II. Irregular feed sliver.
Causes of reducing the efficiency of simple machine:
1. Cree ling
7. 2. Roving breakage
3. Bad sliver
4. Schedule maintain
5. Break down maintain
6. Shortage of sliver
7. Doffing
8. Mechanical problem
9. Electrical problem
10. Power failure
11. Quality change
12. Improper relative humidity%
13. Unskilled worker
14. Lot change
Recent development in modern simplex (roving):
1. Improved drafting system
2. Higher flyer speed
3. Polymer made flyer
4. Auto stop motion
5. Inching motion
6. Data monitoring system
7. Cone drum belt returns automatically
8. Suction unit drafting zone
9. Air blower introduced
10. Auto doffing
Production calculation of simplex machine:
Given data,
Spindle speed=11.50 r .p. m
No of spindle=120
T.P.I =1.2
Roving hank = 0.68 Ne
Efficiency = 85%
Prod. / Hours. =
=
=129.37 kg
Ans. 129.37 kg
Ring frame
Object of ring frame:
I. Drafting to form yarn.
8. II. To impart twist in yarn to hold the fibers.
III. To wind yarn into bobbin.
IV. To build the bobbin in such a way this will facilitate handling as well as the subsequent process.
Causes of using ring frame (why should we go for ring frame):
It is universally applicable. That means any material can be spun to any required thickness.
It delivers a yarn with optimal characteristics.
It is an uncomplicated process.
Operation of the machine is well as established and accessible to everyone.
Functions of ring frame:
Cree ling: To arrange roving bobbin towards creel for further processing.
Drafting: A process of drawing roving and to from yarn.
Twisting: Method of imparting twist.
Winding: A process of accumulating yarn or package (cone)
Building: Technique of winding yarn onto bobbin in a suitable shape.
Doffing: The removal of yarn or package from a textile machine.
Creel:
A structure of holding supply package in textile processing is called creel.
Fig: creel
Spacer:
Plastic element which maintains space between two aprons are termed as spacer. Finer the count, less the space required
between aprons.
9. Example:
Red spacer 2.5mm
Yellow spacer 3.5mm
Black spacer 2 mm
Green spacer 4 mm
Count wise spacer size:
Up to 20 ne 4.5mm
Up to 20-30 ne 3.5mm
Up to 30-60 ne 3 mm
Up to 50-80 ne 2 mm
Traveller:
The metal or plastic element/component through which yarn passes its way from the ballooning eye to the package
surface in ring spinning is called traveller.
It is mounted on a ring and is dragged round by the yarn. It is the must tiny part in ring frame, but impossible to produce
yarn without its help.
Objective of using traveller:
I. To insert twist to the drafted strands of fiber.
II. To maintain spinning tension.
III. To help to wind the yarn on package.
IV. Act as a thread guide.
Types of traveller:
According to shape:
J shape
SU shape
C shape
Elliptical
According to crossection:
Flat
Round
Semi circular
10. Traveller size/number (conventional system):
1 weight of 10 travellers= 10 grain = traveller no. 1
2 weight of 10 travellers= 11 grain = traveller no. 2
3 weight of 10 travellers= 12 grain = traveller no. 3
4 weight of 10 travellers= 9 grain = traveller no. 1/0
5 weight of 10 travellers= 8 grain = traveller no. 2/0
6 weight of 10 travellers= 7.50 grain = traveller no. 3/0
Factors to be considered for selection of traveller:
Traveller cleaner:
It is a tiny metal part, set from the traveller to a prescribed distance. It helps to keep traveller clean.
Traveller changing schedule:
Travellers are changed due to count change, during schedule maintain and spindle
gauging.
Replacement of all travellers is re commended at the same time, but not partially.
A typically changing schedule of travellers are given below –
1 week for 3 shift running
1/2 week for 2 shift running
1/3 week for 1 shift running
Spindle:
11. Essential characteristics of spindle:
I. It must be perpendicular to the roving rail.
II. Both ring and spindle should be concentric.
III. Spindle blade should never run with defective manner.
IV. Spindle must be well balanced.
V. It must run with minimum friction and less vibration.
Function of spindle:
I. It holds the bobbin.
II. It helps to insert twist with aid of ring and traveller.
III. Helps to wind yarn on to bobbin.
Bobbin:
A cylinder (Simplex use) or slightly tapered (Ring frame use) form with or without flange or flanges for holding roving or yarns.
Bobbin is made of wood metal or plastic. Now a day’s plastic bobbin is mostly used. Lighter the bobbin, better the result.
Problem of wooden bobbin:
Very heavy.
High spindle speed can’t be achieved.
High power required due to high bobbin weight.
100% unwinding of yarn is not possible.
Features of paper bobbin:
Long time can’t be used (Less life time)
Lighter in weight.
Easy package damage while holding and thus damage the yarn.
12. Features of plastic bobbin:
Longer life.
Appropriate weight.
Slippery.
Mostly used.
Less power required.
Less expensive.
End breakage:
It is measured as no. of break /1000 spindle / hours. Breakage at start position is high, at middle it is low and at and at
last average. For this reason start the machine at low speed and gradually we increase speed step by step. At mid position machine
runs at highest speed, against we reduce the speed at last.
Causes of end breakage:
I. Technology fault.
II. Machine fault.
Technology fault:
1. In correct roving twist.
2. Incorrect yarn twist.
3. Irregular roving.
4. In correct roller setting.
5. In correct break draft.
6. Excessive yarn tension due to high traveller weight.
7. Excessive yarn tension due to high spindle speed.
8. Excessive yarn tension due to bobbin vibration.
9. In correct number of traveller selection.
10. In correct atmospheric condition.
Machine fault:
1. Defective ring.
2. Dirty ring.
3. Worn out roller.
4. Roller lapping due to defective.
5. Worn out traveller.
6. Spindle vibration.
Limitation of ring frame:
1. Traveller speed:
Maximum attainable speed 50m/sec.
2. Delivery speed:
For every high delivery speed problem arisen for piecing.
3. Yarn tension:
13. For higher machine speed size of balloons increases as machine speed as has
positive influence on balloon size. Due to increase in tension, end breakage rate
increases.
4. Roving consumption:
After a certain speed power consumption of the machine increase
in such a way which doesn’t fit commercially.
5. Limitation of drafting system:
For higher speed of the machine drafting
zone can’t control fiber perfectly due to high roller speed.
As a result irregular yarn will to produce.
Types of wastage found in ring frame:
1. Pneumatic wastage
2. Bonda wastage Useable wastage
3. Roving wastage
4. Hard wastage
5. Wood roller Non- useable wastage
6. sweeping
Some yarn faults:
1. Yarn irregular.
2. Thick and thin place.
3. Slubs.
4. Neps.
5. Spiness double.
6. Crackness.
7. Bad piecing.
8. Short length of hard twist.
9. Hairiness.
10. Dirty yarn.
11. Badly shaped bobbin.
12. Slough off.
Faults associated in ring frame:
1. Soft bobbin: due to bigger twist wheel and higher traveller, fault way occur.
2. Fuzzy and uneven yarn: due to uneven surface of drafted roller and worn out draft roller create and uneven yarn.
3. High twisted or brittle yarn: worn out ring heavy traveller, luck of humidity this type of faults will occur.
4. Rough yarn: worn out traveller, rough bobbin and rough separate can create this type fault.
5. Slub: due to piecing fault, fly thick-thin roving faulty drafting zone, this type fault may occur.
6. In elastic yarn: excessive twist, excessive draft can produce in elastic yarn.
7. Neppy yarn: hard cot roller (top drafting roller) processing fault can produce neppy yarn.
8. Cracked yarn: by keeping the top arm pressure at position during stop condition of the machine can create this fault.
Recent development in ring frame:
1. Automation
Auto Cree ling
Auto doffing
Auto piecing nep
14. Data collection
Spin wind link system
2. Higher drafting capacity
3. Direct two ply yarn spinning
4. Lubricated balloon control ring
5. Ring traveller with an increased contact area
6. Rotating ring
Twist stabling/heat setting:
Normally heat setting is done after winding in cone form but it can be done with other package. Heat
setting is done by vapor at 95 (degree) c or higher temperature. After passing vapor sometime vacuum is created to ensure the
penetration of vapor to inside the package. It set down the twist.
COMPILED & EDITED & ASSEMBLED BY-
AKM Sahedujjaman (SAJU)
01/03/2018