This powerpoint presentation is a perfect Tool to Report about Lymphatic system Comprehensively yet, briefly. It discusses about the importance of the Lymphatic system and its organs and how each of them works or functions. At the end of the slideshow I have added the most commonly acquired Lymphatic diseases. Besides, I have added tips on how to have a healthy Lymphatic system. All of this comes with pictures so it would not be hard to describe it. Hope you guys will find this useful
This powerpoint presentation is a perfect Tool to Report about Lymphatic system Comprehensively yet, briefly. It discusses about the importance of the Lymphatic system and its organs and how each of them works or functions. At the end of the slideshow I have added the most commonly acquired Lymphatic diseases. Besides, I have added tips on how to have a healthy Lymphatic system. All of this comes with pictures so it would not be hard to describe it. Hope you guys will find this useful
The lymphatic system is responsible for the production, transport and filtration of lymph fluid throughout the body. In addition to its important circulatory functions, the lymphatic system also has important immunological functions
Lymphatic SYSTEM
The lymphatic system involves an extensive network of vessels that passes through almost all our tissues to allow for the movement of a fluid called… lymph.
Since the lymphatic system does not have a heart to pump it, its upward movement depends on the motions of the muscle and joint pumps.
There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms.
A person with a throat infection, for example, may feel that their "glands" are swollen.
Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area.
Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area. These are, in fact, not glands but lymph nodes.
Fast facts about the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system plays a key role in immunity, fluid balance, and absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
The lymph nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
If lymph nodes remain swollen, if they are hard and rubbery, and if there are other symptoms, you should see a doctor.
The lymphatic system has three main functions:
It maintains the balance of fluid between the blood and tissues, known as fluid homeostasis.
It forms part of the body's immune system and helps defend against bacteria and other intruders.
It facilitates absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive system.
BLOOD PLASMA
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, ducts, nodes, and other tissues.
Around 2 liters of fluid leak from the cardiovascular system into body tissues every day. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that collect these fluids, or lymph. Lymph is a clear fluid that is derived from blood plasma.
The lymph vessels form a network of branches that reach most of the body's tissues. They work in a similar way to the blood vessels.
The lymph vessels work with the veins to return fluid from the tissues.
The lymph vessels work with the veins to return fluid from the tissues.
Unlike blood, the lymphatic fluid is not pumped but squeezed through the vessels when we use our muscles.
Lymph is drained progressively towards larger vessels until it reaches the two main channels, the lymphatic ducts in our trunk.
In the lymph nodes, immune cells assess for foreign material, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungus.
Lymphatic system, Human Lymphatic systemAmen Ullah
Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels.
larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is responsible for the production, transport and filtration of lymph fluid throughout the body. In addition to its important circulatory functions, the lymphatic system also has important immunological functions
Lymphatic SYSTEM
The lymphatic system involves an extensive network of vessels that passes through almost all our tissues to allow for the movement of a fluid called… lymph.
Since the lymphatic system does not have a heart to pump it, its upward movement depends on the motions of the muscle and joint pumps.
There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms.
A person with a throat infection, for example, may feel that their "glands" are swollen.
Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area.
Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area. These are, in fact, not glands but lymph nodes.
Fast facts about the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system plays a key role in immunity, fluid balance, and absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
The lymph nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
If lymph nodes remain swollen, if they are hard and rubbery, and if there are other symptoms, you should see a doctor.
The lymphatic system has three main functions:
It maintains the balance of fluid between the blood and tissues, known as fluid homeostasis.
It forms part of the body's immune system and helps defend against bacteria and other intruders.
It facilitates absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive system.
BLOOD PLASMA
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, ducts, nodes, and other tissues.
Around 2 liters of fluid leak from the cardiovascular system into body tissues every day. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that collect these fluids, or lymph. Lymph is a clear fluid that is derived from blood plasma.
The lymph vessels form a network of branches that reach most of the body's tissues. They work in a similar way to the blood vessels.
The lymph vessels work with the veins to return fluid from the tissues.
The lymph vessels work with the veins to return fluid from the tissues.
Unlike blood, the lymphatic fluid is not pumped but squeezed through the vessels when we use our muscles.
Lymph is drained progressively towards larger vessels until it reaches the two main channels, the lymphatic ducts in our trunk.
In the lymph nodes, immune cells assess for foreign material, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungus.
Lymphatic system, Human Lymphatic systemAmen Ullah
Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels.
larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system.
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues, vessels and organs that work together to move a colorless, watery fluid called lymph back into your circulatory system (your bloodstream).
Some 20 liters of plasma flow through your body’s arteries and smaller arteriole blood vessels and capillaries every day. After delivering nutrients to the body’s cells and tissues and receiving their waste products, about 17 liters are returned to the circulation by way of veins. The remaining three liters seep through the capillaries and into your body’s tissues. The lymphatic system collects this excess fluid, now called lymph, from tissues in your body and moves it along until it's ultimately returned to your bloodstream.
Your lymphatic system has many functions. Its key functions include:
Maintains fluid levels in your body: As just described, the lymphatic system collects excess fluid that drains from cells and tissue throughout your body and returns it to your bloodstream, which is then recirculated through your body.
Absorbs fats from the digestive tract: Lymph includes fluids from your intestines that contain fats and proteins and transports it back to your bloodstream.
Protects your body against foreign invaders: The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It produces and releases lymphocytes (white blood cells) and other immune cells that monitor and then destroy the foreign invaders — such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi — that may enter your body.
Transports and removes waste products and abnormal cells from the lymph.
By:M. Thiru murugan
Unit – 5:
Structure and function of lymph vessels
Lymph nodes and lymph circulation
lymphatic tissue - spleen and thymus
Lymphatic system:
The lymphatic system, or lymphoid system, is part of the circulatory system and the immune system.
It is made up of a large network of lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic organs, and lymphoid tissues.
It also maintains fluid balance and plays a role in absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
Functions:
Return tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
It absorbs and transports fat and fat soluble vitamins from the intestine.
Kill the micro-organism.
LYMPH VESSELS:
A thin tube that carries lymph (lymphatic fluid) and white blood cells through the lymphatic system. Also called lymphatic vessel.
Similar to blood vessels
The lymphatic vessels transport lymph fluid around the body.
There are two main systems of lymph vessels:
Superficial vessels: found superficially and accompany venous flow. They supply into deep vessels.
Deep vessels: collect from the deeper structures of the body, such as the internal organs. They tend to accompany deep arteries.
Structure of lymph vessels:
The endothelium the inner layer, middle is smooth muscles and adventitia is the outermost layer
One of the main structure of lymph vessels is their valves, which are semilunar structures, valves is to prevent backflow of fluid
Function:
Carry the lymph fluid in one direction toward the heart.
Providing sites for certain immune system
Facilitating plasma circulation in the CVS
Lymph node:
It is a part of the body’s immune system.
Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (WBC) that help the body fight infection and disease.
There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout the body.
They are connected to lymph vessels.
Lymph nodes are found in the neck, axilla, chest, abdomen, and groin.
Structure:
Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands
Lymph nodes are classified as "secondary" lymphoid organs, with the primary lymph organs being the thymus gland, tonsils, spleen, and bone marrow.
The lymphatic vessels are the highways the immune police cells travel to survey the body, and the lymph nodes are like police stations
Lymph nodes are divided into lobules, each of which contains an outer cortex, para cortex, inner medulla.
B lymphocytes (b cells) are found in the cortex, with T lymphocytes (t cells) and para cortex. Plasma cells and macrophages are present in the medulla.
The entire lymph node is enclosed by a tough fibrous capsule.
Lymph circulation:
Lymph.
After blood travels through capillary and is moved to the venous system, some of fluid is left behind in the tissues it called lymph.
Lymph is a clear, colorless liquid, it contains oxygen, proteins, glucose and WBC.
Fluid that is forced out of the bloodstream during normal circulation is filtered through lymph nodes to remove bacteria, abnormal cells and other matter.
This fluid is then t
2022 Tallat Naz Lymph and Lymphatic system.pptxTallat Naz
Physiology by Guyton
MBBS lecture on Lymph and Lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Reticuloendothelial System
YT Channel's name is "Guyton Academy"
By Tallat Naz
contents of ppt include introduction, embryology, lymphatic organs and tissues, classification of lymph nodes, tnm staging, diseases of lymph nodes, classification of lymph node, inspection and palpation of lymph nodes, composition of lymph, function of lymphatic system and lymph nodes
The histology of the lymphatic system
In this lecture the student will be able to recognize the histological layers of the lymphatic system parts such as lymph nodes, thymus and spleen and the characteristic feature of each organ
Unit-III, chapter-2- Lymphatic System,
Functions of Lymphatic System,
Major Parts of Lymphatic System,
Composition of Lymph,
Lymph and Lymphatic Capillaries,
Structure of lymph node,
Mechanisms of Lymph Flow,
Functions of Lymph Node,
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT),
As per PCI syllabus,
B. Pharm. First Year,
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I.
Lymphatic system
It was studied for the first time by Thomas Bartholin in 1703.
It is a sub-system of circulatory system in vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of lymph vessels or lymphatic’s lymph tissues (nodes) and organs such as tonsils, thymus and spleen which carries a milky fluid Called lymph.
LYMPH
Colorless clearly watery fluid contains lymphocytes similar in composition to with the exception of some proteins. The Main functions of lymph are as under:
Carries plasma proteins which seep out of the capillary beds from the blood stream.
It also carries larger particles such as bacteria and other waste product, cell debris from the damaged tissues which is then filtered out and destroyed by the lymph node.
In lacteals fats absorbed into blood plasma called (chyle) which has a milky appearance.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM// LYMPH CIRCULATION//LYMPH VESSELS// LYMPH ORGANS Wasim Ak
The lymphatic system is a sub-system of circulatory system and immune system.
It is a type of drainage system of human body which collects all the tissue fluids (constantly leaking out of the bloodstream) and takes back to the major veins through a network of lymph vessels.
The lymphatic system consists of -
Lymph – colourless tissue fluid
Lymphatic organs – Thymus, Bone Marrow, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils.
Lymph vessels – through which lymph circulation takes place.
It maintains balance between blood and tissues:
Blood volume : 5 – 6L
Interstitial fluid volume: 10 – 11L
Lymph volume: 2 – 3L.
It helps in Immunity.
It fascilitate absorption of fats and hormones:
Breakdown products of fat and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the central lacteals (lymphatic vessels) of the villi.
Normal blood circulation forces fluid out of the bloodstream and that leads in the increase in the interstitial fluid volume.
Due to osmotic pressure this interstitial fluid will be collected by the fine lymphatic capillaries.
Now this fluid is lymph and it has the same mineral distribution as that of blood plasma.
The lymph is transported to lymph nodes and organs where the pathogen will be killed by lymphocytes and lymph will be filtered.
The back flow of lymph is prevented by the valves present in lymph vessels.
Lymph moves from lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks, collecting ducts, and ultimately into the Subclavian veins.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
5. LYMPHATICSYSTEM…
•Lymphatic System=> Cells, tissues, and organs
that play a central role in the body’s defenses
against pathogens, toxins, waste , and unwanted
material.
•Lymphatic system consists of vessels (lymphatic)
filled with lymph connected to lymphatic organs.
6.
7. FUNCTIONS
The lymphatic system has multiple interrelated functions ,
It is responsible for the removal of interstitial fluid from
tissues.
It absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle
from the digestive system .
It transports white blood cells to and from the lymph
node into bones.
9. 1) LYMPH:-
• It is a clear , watery light yellowish fluid that
flows through the lymphatic system.
•
• Its composition is similar to plasma and
interstitial fluid with low protein content.
• It contains all types of leucocytes.
10. LPYMPHNODES:-
• Lymph node are the small glands that filter lymph,
• The clear fluid that circulates through the
lymphatic system.
• They become swollen in response to infection and
tumors.
11. CONT…
•Lymph nodes are oval or kidney shaped organs,
small in size 1-2 cm.
•
•It has an outer capsule of fibrous tissues.
• 500 to 700 bean-shaped lymph nodes scattered
throughout the body .
13. STRUCTUREOF LYMPHNODE
• 1. Capsule.
• It is made up of connective tissue.
• 2. Hilum.
• Entrance for blood vessels and nerves.
• Efferent vessels leave from the hilum.
• 3.Cortex.
• Outer layer.
14. CONT…
• 4. Medulla.
• Inner layer.
• 5. Sinuses.
• Complex channels through which lymph circulates.
15.
16. FUNCTIONOF LYMPHNODE
They are the major sites of B and T lymphocytes and
other white blood cells.
It acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells.
Filtration and purification of lymph.
17. CONT…
Site for lymphocyte proliferation.
Site for antibody production.
They do not have a detoxification function.
21. 1) CERVICAL LYMPH NODE
• located in neck area.
• filter lymph from head and
neck.
• Approximately 300 lymph
nodes are located in the
cervical region.
29. 5) LYMPHOIDORGANS:-
The immune system is made up
of organs that control the
production and maturation of
certain defense cells , the
lymphocytes.
1. Spleen.
2. Thymus.
3. Bone marrow.
4. Tonsils.
30. 1. SPLEEN
• Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ.
• It is purplish in color.
• located in upper left abdominal quadrant between
9th-11th rib.
• between fundus of stomach and diaphragm.
31. SIZEOF SPLEEN
Its size varies in different
individuals usually about
12cm long,
7cm wide,
2.5 cm thick.
Its weighs about 200g.
32. STRUCTURE OF SPLEEN
capsule
covering of dense connective tissue.
hilum
depression on medial surface .
nerves and arteries enter spleen, veins and lymphatic
vessel exit.
33. CONT…
• trabeculae
• extensions of capsule, form
partitions within the spleen .
• pulp
• tissue inside
• divided into red and white
pulp
34. FUNCTION OF SPLEEN:-
Produces leukocytes and antibodies.
Destroys old erythrocytes or red blood cells.
Stores erythrocytes to release into blood stream if
excessive bleeding occurs.
Destroys thrombocytes or platelets.
Filters some metabolites and wastes from tissues.
35. 2.THYMUSGLAND:-
• It is two-lobed organ.
• located in upper part of chest along trachea.
• Inferior to thyroid gland, posterior to sternum .
• Its weight is about 10g to 15g at birth.
• And at puberty is b/w 30g and 40g.
36. STRUCTUREOFTHYMUS:-
• The thymus consists of two
lobes joined by areolar
tissues.
• The lobes are enclosed by
fibrous capsule, dividing
them into lobules.
38. 3.BONEMARROW:-
• Bone marrow is a semi – solid tissue which may be found
within the spongy or cancellous portion of bone.
• It composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose
tissue and supportive stromal cells.
39. FUNCTION OFBONEMARROW:-
• The major function of
bone marrow is to
generate blood cells.
• That is responsible for the
production of blood cells.
40. 4.TONSILS:-
• Multiple groups of large
lymphatic nodules.
• Location => mucous
membrane of the oral and
pharyngeal cavities.
42. • Palatine Tonsils:
• There is one located on
each side of the oral
pharynx, in the back of
throat.
• Note:
• All tonsils provide a
defense against bacteria
entering the mouth.
43. PYER’SPATCHES
(Also known as aggregated lymph nodes.)
Clusters of lymphoid tissue without a fibrous
capsule.
Common in tonsils, small intestine, and
appendix.
Secrete antibodies in response to antigens in gut
tube, particularly ingested viruses and bacteria.