This document provides technical data on LV switchgear products from Alfanar including:
- Circuit breakers from Teraski for applications up to 6300A with short circuit ratings of 100kA/1s or 50kA/3s.
- MCCBs and MCBs from Teraski for applications up to 1600A and 125A respectively.
- Switchboards can be designed to IEC 61439-2 standards with IP65 protection, internal arc testing up to 65kA, and seismic withstand of 8 on the Richter scale.
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
Online Condition Monitoring And Diagnosis Of Power Transformers Their Bushin...vvsatyanarayana K
A bushing must be designed to withstand the electrical field strength produced in the insulation, when any earthed material is present
In a Oil-filled power transformers, their bushings, tap changer, insulation system and auxiliary equipment are critical to the operation of every electrical power system to such an extend that their reliable and uninterrupted functioning is a key factor in profitable generation, transmission and distribution.
Recent years on-line monitoring systems have been installed in a large scale at power transformers.
The electrical arc creates a pressure wave. The incident energy is the energy of this arc-flash coming into contact with a surface. Essentially an electric arc creates a radiation burn which accounts for the internal burns a person can receive when exposed to an electrical arc flash.
Electrical substation (one and half breaker scheme)Sourabh sharma
Double Bus One and Half Breaker Scheme is mostly adopted in high voltage electrical substations (220 KV or 400KV, 700 KV). Due to many advantages of this arrangement like high selectivity, reliability and less cost as compare to other bus arrangements for power stations or switch yards
FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
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Online Condition Monitoring And Diagnosis Of Power Transformers Their Bushin...vvsatyanarayana K
A bushing must be designed to withstand the electrical field strength produced in the insulation, when any earthed material is present
In a Oil-filled power transformers, their bushings, tap changer, insulation system and auxiliary equipment are critical to the operation of every electrical power system to such an extend that their reliable and uninterrupted functioning is a key factor in profitable generation, transmission and distribution.
Recent years on-line monitoring systems have been installed in a large scale at power transformers.
The electrical arc creates a pressure wave. The incident energy is the energy of this arc-flash coming into contact with a surface. Essentially an electric arc creates a radiation burn which accounts for the internal burns a person can receive when exposed to an electrical arc flash.
Electrical substation (one and half breaker scheme)Sourabh sharma
Double Bus One and Half Breaker Scheme is mostly adopted in high voltage electrical substations (220 KV or 400KV, 700 KV). Due to many advantages of this arrangement like high selectivity, reliability and less cost as compare to other bus arrangements for power stations or switch yards
FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Occasionally we need dc power source which is adjustable along with protections. This slide will help you to create a circuit that can adjust the dc voltage and apply thereby.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
4. Introduction for LV electrical characteristics
Circuit-breakers:
Disconnect and connect the power and provide protection for
cable, load and human against overload and overcurrent.
The following are the type of the CB:
MCB, RCCB, RCBO, MCCB, ICCB, ELCP, MCP, Power circuit and ACB.
Rated operational current (In, Ie):
Continuous current Without overheating
Rated operational voltage (Ue):
This is the voltage at which the equipment has been designed to
operate, in normal (undisturbed) conditions
5. Rated insulation voltage (Ui) for Circuit-breakers:
This is the value of voltage to which the dielectric tests voltage
and Creepage distances are referred too. The Ue ≤ Ui
Rated impulse-withstand voltage (Uimp) for Circuit-breakers:
This characteristic expresses, in kV peak, the value of voltage
which the equipment is capable of withstanding without failure,
under test conditions. Generally, for industrial circuit-breakers,
Uimp=8kV and for domestic types, Uimp=6kV, and in special cases
could be 12KV
Rated ultimate short-circuit breaking capacity (Icu):
The maximum current, that can be broken across the contacts,
twice times without being damage.
Introduction for LV electrical characteristics
6. Rated service short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics):
The maximum current, that can be broken across the contacts, without being
damage.
Rated short-time withstand current rating (Icw):
Is the maximum current, that the B category CB can withstand, thermally and
electro dynamically, without sustaining damage, for a period of time given by the
manufacturer.
Category A:
For which there is no calibrate delay in the operation of the “instantaneous” short-
circuit magnetic tripping device.
Category B:
For which, in order to discriminate with other circuit-breakers on a time basis, it is
possible to delay the tripping of the CB, where the fault-current level is lower than,
that of the short-time withstand current rating (Icw) of the CB.
Introduction for LV electrical characteristics
7. Co-ordination study:
Discrimination/Selectivity:
Is the Co-ordination of protective device such that a fault is
cleared by the protective device installed immediately
upstream of the fault, and by that device alone.
Total Discrimination:
Discrimination is said to be total if the downstream circuit
breaker opens and the upstream circuit breaker remains
closed. This ensure maximum availability of the system.
Partial Discrimination:
Discrimination is partial if the above condition is not fulfilled
up to the prospective short-circuit current, but to lesser
value, above this value both circuit breakers could open,
resulting in loss selectivity.
Cascading/Backup:
Is a technique where the current limiting capability of
upstream circuit breakers is used to permit the installation
of lower circuit breakers downstream.
Introduction for LV electrical characteristics
8. Introduction for LV electrical characteristics
Discrimination/Selectivity:
Cascading/Backup:
9. Introduction for LV Mechanical characteristics
Ingrees of Protection (IP X X):
Standard IEC 60529 (February 2001) indicates the degree of protection
provided by electrical equipment enclosures against accidental direct contact
with live parts and against the ingress of solid foreign objects or water.
10. IK Code “Mechanical Impact test:
The European standard EN 50102 dated March 1995 defines a coding system
(IK code) for indicating the degree of protection provided by electrical equipment
enclosures against external mechanical impact.
Introduction for LV Mechanical characteristics
12. Form IEC standard definition Specific recommendations
1 No Internal separation Protection over busbar for customer
safety
2a Separation of busbars from the functional units Terminals not separated from busbars
2b Separation of busbars from the functional units Terminals separated from busbars
3a Separation of busbars from the functional units
and of all functional units from each other.
Terminals not separated from busbars
3b Separation of busbars from the functional units
and of all functional units from each other.
Terminals separated from busbars
4a Separation of busbars from the functional units
and of all functional units from each other, also
separation of terminals from any functional unit
Terminals in the same compartment
as associated functional units.
4b Separation of busbars from the functional units
and of all functional units from each other, also
separation of terminals from any functional unit
Terminals are not in the same
compartment as the associated
functional units
Introduction for LV Mechanical characteristics
13. IEC 61439:
Is a series of standard IEC 60439
Fundamental change:
• The categories of TTA (Type Tested Assemblies) and PTTA (Partially
Type Tested Assemblies) have been discarded in favor of a design.
• The performance of assemblies is now determined by a “Design
Verification”.
IEC 61439 Vs IEC 60439:
14. Arc Flash protection:
International standards (IEC / ANSI) guidelines are
different but the objectives are the same,
i.e. defining minimum safety level for operators
Assessment criteria for the internal arc test:
• Correctly secured doors, covers, etc. do not open.
• Parts of the assembly (which may cause a hazard) do
not fly off.
• Arcing does not cause holes in the external parts of
the enclosure.
• Indicators do not ignite (made from black cretonne).
• The protective circuit is still operational.
• The arc is to be confined in the same area where it
was ignited.
If these criteria are achieved by the panel, then the
test is a success.
Arc Flash protection:
15. Seismic :
Proper mounting of the equipment is the
single most important factor in
withstanding a seismic event.
The foundation must be level and
continuous under the entire assembly. The
foundation must be designed to withstand
the reaction loads imposed on it by the
equipment during a seismic event.
Earth quake protection (Seismic):
16. Product Portfolio :
Main Distribution Switchboards
ATS, Synch, 2 out of 3
Motor Control Center (MCC)
Control Panels & Panel Boards
Power Factor Correction Capacitors (PFC)
Switch rack
ICP
alfanar L.V Factory:
17. • Applicable standards IEC 61439-2
• Ie Up to 6300A (No derating up to 6100A, tested at 40° C)
• ICW 100kA/1 sec or 50kA/3 sec
• Ue 690Vac/600Vdc
• Ui 1000Vac
• Uimp 12KV
• Form Form 1 to Form 4B
• Internal Arc Withstand 65kA/300 mSec (Upon Request)
• Seismic Withstand 8 on Richter Scale (Standard Feature)
Alfanar-Terasaki
alfanar L.V SWG:
19. ALFANAR TERASAKI Breakers:
Tem Power-2 is ACB made in Japan up to 6300A/135kA.
TemBreak2 is MCCB made in Japan up to 1600A/200kA.
TemDin2 is MCB made in France up to 125A/15KA.
All ACBs & MCCBs tested under 50°C w/o derating.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
20. Air Circuit Breakers (World Class Circuit Breakers):
Ie=800A to 6300A
Icu=Ics=Icw/1sec
Ue=690Vac/600Vdc
Ui=1000Vac
Uimp=12KV
Three frame size (800-2000A, 2500-4000A and 5000-6300A)
Fixed or Withdrawable (Front, vertical or horizontal connection)
Manual or Motor charging
Comply with IEC 60947-2
Comply with ANSI C37.13 and NEMA PUB NO.SG3
3P or 4P
Category B
Trip Unit is AGR (L, R for general feeder or Transformer and S for
generator protection)
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
21. Protection Relays:
The Tem Power-2 series is equipped with an RMS sensing over-current
release AGRB AR Protection Relay samples& calculates the load current
every
(500 micro seconds).
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
22. Harmonic Monitoring:
TemPower 2 AGRs can detect & protect up to the 31th Harmonic.
Protection Relays:
The Phase Rotation Protection function detects the negative phase
current occurring due to reverse phase or phase loss and prevents
burnout of a
Moto or damage to equipment.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
23. Tempreture control:
CONTACT TEMPERATURE MONITORING, This AGR protection function
monitors the temperature of the ACBs main contacts.
An alarm when the temperature exceeds 155°C.
Continuous monitoring of the contact temperature provides valuable
information for BMS, preventative and predictive maintenance programs.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
24. Double break:
The Tem Power-2 Air Circuit Breaker is the smallest depth Air Circuit
Breaker in the world with a one second Short Circuit Withstand.
The unique “Double Break” main contact system ensures extremely
fast interruption of short circuit currents.
Conventional break time is 70msec, TemPower 2 breaking time is
25~30msec.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
25. Eeasy maintenance:
The unique design of Tem Power-2 incorporates its
isolating clusters and main contacts on the ACB body. Allowing for
quick easy maintenance of the main electrical contact points and for
maintenance to be completed without having to isolate the board.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
26. Replacement of main contacts:
The fixed and moving main contacts can easily
be replaced in the field, thus prolonging the life
on the circuit breaker. Changing each pole takes
around 15 minutes.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
27. Double opening and closing coils:
Double Opening and Closing Coils provides extended control
system redundancy to an ACB. Double coils allow designers to
implement back-up tripping and closing systems. It provides the
end user with ultimate reliability on critical UPS circuits connected
to critical loads.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
29. Moulded Case Circuit Breakers Circuit Breakers:
Ie=125A to 1600A
Ue=690Vac/600Vdc
Ui=800Vac
Uimp=8KV
Fixed or Withdrawable (Front, vertical or horizontal connection)
Manual or Motor charging
Comply with IEC 60947-2
Comply with NEMA AB-1
1P, 3P or 4P
Category A/B
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
30. Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (Thermal Magnetic):
6
8
12
10
0.8
0.63
1
Ir (x ln) Ii (x ln)
125A
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
31. Moulded Case Circuit Breakers
(Electronic):
Electronic version with integrated
monitoring and communication, data
can be sent to integrated display
local display and Modbus network
simultaneously.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
32. Direct opening “Yellow and red symbol “:
This symbol located on the MCCB rating label,
indicates that the MCCB has direct opening
action.
According to IEC 60204 provides a positive
off.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
33. Plug-in safety lock:
MCCB can only be
withdrawn when MCCB is
switched off.
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
35. Circuit breaker with integral Residual Current
Protection “CBR”:
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
36. Al Imam Muhammed
ibn Saud Islamic
University
King Abdullah
Financial District -
KAFD
King Abdullah Sport
City –Jeddah (KASC)
Haramain High Speed Railway
King Abdullah Port
Alfanar Low Voltage equipment:
Reference projects in KSA: