The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the lungs. It describes how the lungs inhale and exhale air, the parts of the lungs including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli, and how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged during breathing. It also discusses common lung diseases like pneumonia, bronchitis, and emphysema along with their symptoms and treatments. Finally, it provides tips for proper lung care including avoiding pollution and keeping good nutrition, rest, and exercise.

1. THE
LUNGS
T R Y T O I N H A L E O R E X H A L E . W H AT H A P P E N S T O Y O U R
C H E S T A S Y O U I N H A L E ? A S Y O U E X H A L E ?

2. LUNGS
- Two stretchy and
sponge-like organs
found on either side
of your chest.
- It inflates as they are
filled with air and
deflate as you release
air.

3. MAIN PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
1. Trachea – a long tube at the top part of the lungs.
2. Bronchi – two large tube where air travels from trachea to the
lungs.
3. Bronchioles – little “branches” extending from the main
branch (bronchi).
4. Alveoli – little bags where the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide takes place.

5. WHAT HAPPENS DURING BREATHING
OF AIR?
• Air pass through the nose  trachea  bronchi  bronchioles 
alveoli.
• As the air reaches alveoli, oxygen goes through the walls of alveoli
where capillaries is located (very small blood vessels covering the
alveoli), and enters to the red blood cells.
• The blood bring the oxygen to the heart, which then pumps the oxygen-
rich blood to the rest of the body.
• The red blood cells unload the oxygen, then absorbs the carbon dioxide
in the cells, and bring the gas to alveoli, which in turn release the gas as
you breathe out.
• When you breathe out, your lungs become smaller as they release air.

6. DISEASES

7. – Infection of the lungs that may be caused by
viruses, bacteria, or fungi. It result to inflammation of the
alveoli. In severe cases, the alveoli are filled with pus or
fluid making the person difficult to breathe.
• SYMPTOMS: experience
chest pain, dry cough, rapid
breathing, shortness of
breath, and chills. He or she
may feel very weak and may
vomit due to nausea.
• TREATMENT: pneumonia
caused by bacteria must have
prescriptions from doctor of
antibiotics and can be
assured in two or three days.
Pneumonia caused by virus is
advised to have complete bed
rest, and given antiviral
medication s from doctor
(improves within one or three
weeks.

8. – inflammation of bronchi caused by viruses,
bacteria, and other particles that irritates the bronchial
tubes.
• SYMPTOMS: shortness of
breath, production of a lot of
mucus, wheezing, fatigue,
and chest pain.
• TREATMENT: most cases,
given antibiotics, cough
medicine, and medications fro
headaches, fever, and fever-
related joint pains. Advised to
drink more fluids, and get
plenty of rest, and stay away
from people with flu or colds.

9. – long-term disease characterized by damage to
or obstruction of the alveoli. It is caused by long-time smoking
and exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollution and chemicals.
Damage of alveoli causes it to collapse, that makes it difficult
to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
• SYMPTOMS: not obvious in early
stage. Most noticeable, shortness of
breath (starts gradually but worsens
that even while resting, he/she
might have shortness of breath), the
chest may appear enlarged or barrel
shaped due to air that is trapped in
air passages of the lungs. Some the
lips and fingernails turned blue or
gray (when exert even just some
effort).
• TREATMENT: NOT CURABLE but
can be managed to relieved the
sick person’s symptoms. They
should quit smoking or stop
activities associated with the
ingestion of chemicals and
similar substances. Doctors may
also prescribe certain
medications to help relieve the
person’s discomfort.

10. PROPER CARE
1. Keep away from dirty and dusty places.
2. Keep away from overcrowded areas where you can get airborne
diseases.
3. Never use other people’s personal things to avoid contamination
of diseases that harm the lungs.
4. Eat nutritious food and get enough rest and sleep.

11. PROPER CARE
5. Engage in physical activities, exercises, and sports.
6. Avoid places that are polluted and those in which harmful
chemicals like paint, paint thinners, and solvents are kept.