The document summarizes the structure and function of the respiratory system. It describes the upper respiratory tract including the nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx. It then describes the lower respiratory tract including the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It provides overviews of several respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, emphysema, and sarcoidosis, describing their causes, symptoms, and impacts.

1. Respiratory System
Group 7
Agnote, Dominic
Dato, Luis
De Leon, Elyssa
Caañgay, Paulo Miguel A.
Limun, Rolen Jerland M.
Lopeña, Allijah Kates Barbie D.
SY1322

2. Function of Respiratory System
• Gas exchange
• Regulation of blood pH
• Voice Production
• Olfaction
• Ventilation

4. UPPER TRACT

5. NOSE
• Consists of the External Nose and the
Nasal Cavity

6. External Nose
• The visible structure that forms a
prominent feature of the face.
• Composed of hyaline cartilage,
although the bridge of the external nose
consists of bone.
Nares –are the external openings of the nose.
Choanae – are the openings into the pharynx

7. Nasal Cavity
• Extends from Nares to the Choanae
• Is a large air filled space above and
behind the nose in the middle of the
face.
• Paranasal sinuses:
- air filled spaces within bone
- open into nasal cavity
- lined with mucous
• Conchae:
- on each side of nasal cavity
- increase surface area of nasal cavity
- help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air
• Nasolacrimal ducts:
- carry tears from eyes
- open into nasal cavity

8. PHARYNX
• The common passageway for both
respiratory and digestive systems
Divided into 3 Regions

9. LARYNX
– Maintain an
open
passageway
for air
movement
– Epiglottis and
vestibular folds
prevent
swallowed
material from
moving into
larynx
– Vocal folds are
primary source
of sound
production
Inflammation of
Larynx is called
Laryngitis

10. LOWER TRACT

11. TRACHEA
• Membranous tube attached
to the larynx
• The posterior wall of the
Trachea has no cartilage
and consists of
ligamemtous membrane
and smooth muscle
Inflammation of the trachea is known
as tracheitis. When the trachea is inflamed
as well as the larynx and bronchi, this is
known as croup, which often causes a
distinct, barking cough.

12. BRONCHI
• The trachea divides into the left and
right main bronchi (Primary Bronchi)
*No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi

13. • The right main
bronchus is wider,
shorter, and more
vertical than the
left main bronchus.
• The left main
bronchus is
smaller in caliber
but longer than
the right, being
5 cm long.

14. LUNGS
• The human lungs are a pair
of large, spongy organs
optimized for gas
exchange between our
blood and the air.
• The principal organs of
respiration

16. • Respiratory disease is a medical term that
encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and
tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms,
and includes conditions of the upper respiratory
• tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural
cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.
• Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as
the common cold, to life-threatening entities like bacterial
pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and lung cancer.
• The study of respiratory disease is known as pulmonology. A
doctor who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a
pulmonologist

17. PNEUMONIA
• is an inflammatory condition of
the lung affecting primarily the
microscopic air sacs known as alveoli
• It is usually caused by infection
with viruses or bacteria and less
commonly other microorganisms,
certain drugs and other conditions such
as autoimmune diseases.

19. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Pneumonia is
typically diagnosed
based on a
combination of
physical signs and
a chest X-ray.

20. TUBERCULOSIS
• Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus)
• Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect
other parts of the body.
• It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB
infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids
through the air.
• Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent
tuberculosis. About one in ten latent infections eventually
progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more
than 50% of those so infected.
• is a chronic bacterial infection that usually infects the lungs,
although other organs are sometimes involved.
• TB is primarily an airborne disease (spread by air droplets from
infected people when they cough or sneeze).

22. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

23. ASTHMA
• is a chronic, inflammatory disease in which the airways
become sensitive to allergens.(any substance that triggers
an allergic reaction). Several things happen to the airways
when exposed to certain triggers:
• Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes
of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness,
and coughing.

25. EMPHYSEMA
• is a form of chronic (long-term)
lung disease.
People with
emphysema have
difficulty breathing from a
limitation in blowing air
out.
• There are multiple causes
of emphysema,
but smoking is by far the
most common.

26. SARCOIDOSIS
• Sarcoidosis, also
called sarcoid, is a disease
involving abnormal
collections of inflammatory
cells (granulomas) that can
form as nodules in multiple
organs.
• The granulomas are most
often located in the lungs or
its associated lymph nodes,
but any organ can be
affected