The document discusses emphysema, detailing its definition, types, and etiology, emphasizing the distinction between centriacinar and panacinar types based on lung regions affected. Early morphological changes include large alveoli and thin septa, while advanced stages show voluminous lungs and apical blebs leading to respiratory complications. Key factors contributing to emphysema include heavy smoking and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

1. EMPHYSEMA
ROBINS & COTRAN
Definition
Types & Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphology

2. CENTRIACINAR
CENTRAL / PROXIMAL ACINUS
APEX OF THE LUNG
HEAVY SMOKERS
COPD
PANACINAR
PROXIMAL / DISTAL ACINUS
(RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE TO
ALVEOLI)
BASE OF THE LUNG
ALPHA 1 ANTI-TRYPSIN DEFICIENCY
PARASEPTAL
DISTAL ACINUS
PLEURA, LOBULAR CONNECTIVE
TISSUE AND MARGINS OF LOBULES
SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX
TYPES OF EMPHYSEMA

3. MORPHOLOGY
Initial stages :
1. Abnormal large alveoli
2. Thin septa
3. Focal centriacinar Fibrosis
4. Enlarged Pores of Kohn

4. MORPHOLOGY
Advanced stages :
Lungs - Voluminous
Overlap Heart anteriorly
Gen upper 2/3rd affected
Large alveoli seen in cut section
Apical blebs / bullae formed
Compress respiratory bronchiole &
Vasculature
Local hypoxia & loss of capillary bed

5. MORPHOLOGY
Advanced stages :
Apical blebs / bullae formed
Compress respiratory bronchiole &
Vasculature
Local hypoxia & loss of capillary bed

6. Thank you