Digital logic is the foundation of computers and examines basic logic functions like AND, OR, and NOT. Logic signals can take on two values, 0 and 1, and are associated with variables. The output of a logic gate depends on its inputs - an AND gate outputs 1 only if all inputs are 1, an OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1, and a NOT gate inverts its single input. NAND gates are functionally equivalent to an AND gate followed by an inverter.

1. LOGIC DESIGN
PART 1 Logic Gates

2. Learning Digital Logic
• It is the foundation for digital computers. If you want to
understand the innards of computers you need to know
digital logic.
• Digital logic has relations to other kinds of logic including:
– Formal logic - as taught by many philosophy departments
– Fuzzy logic - a tool used to design control systems and many other
systems.

3. Characteristics of Logic Signals
• We will pick a voltage signal as a working example. It can take
on two values corresponding to 0 and 1.
• We can associate a variable with that logic signal, and we can
assign a symbol to represent that variable - like the symbol A.

4. Operations on Logic Signals
• The output, C, depends upon the inputs, A and B. There
are many different ways that C could depend upon A
and B. The output, C, is a function, - a logic function - of
the inputs, A and B. We will examine a few basic logic
functions - AND, OR and NOT functions and start
learning the circuitry that you use to implement those
functions.

5. • If we think of two signals, A and B, as representing a
truth value of two different propositions, then A could
be either TRUE (a logical 1) or FALSE (a logical 0).
‘AND’ GATE AND
TRUTH TABLE
A
B
C

6. • An OR gate is a gate for which the output
is 1 whenever one or more of the inputs
is 1. The output of an OR gate is 0 only
when all inputs are 0.
‘OR’ GATE AND
TRUTH TABLE
T
P
D

7. •A third important logical element is the inverter. If the
input is 0, the output is 1. Conversely, if the input is 1, the
output is 0.
‘NOT’ GATE AND
TRUTH TABLE
A
C

8. • The way to start thinking about a NAND
gate is to think of it as an AND gate with
an inverter on the output. That's shown
below.
• Actually, however, the symbol for a NAND
gate compresses the Cinverter down to a
A
‘NAND’ GATE AND
B
TRUTH TABLE output of the NAND gate as
dot at the
shown below.