The document discusses logic gates and their usage. It introduces different logic gates including AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR. It describes how to draw logic circuits from Boolean expressions and analyze circuits to obtain logical expressions. The document also discusses how NAND and NOR gates are universal and can be used to build any other logic gate. It covers positive and negative logic and how to construct sum-of-product and product-of-sum expressions using logic gates.
I discussed here different kinds of logic gate , their equivalent circuit, truth table,set representation,wave form etc. I also have discussed universal gate and their universality. I hope it will be helpful for others.
I discussed here different kinds of logic gate , their equivalent circuit, truth table,set representation,wave form etc. I also have discussed universal gate and their universality. I hope it will be helpful for others.
Task and Function is the basic component of a programming language. Even on hardware Verification , those task and function is used. Task ans function provides a short way to repeatedly use the same block of code many times, This presentation gives you the basic information about Task and Function in Verilog. For more information on this, kindly contact us.
Task and Function is the basic component of a programming language. Even on hardware Verification , those task and function is used. Task ans function provides a short way to repeatedly use the same block of code many times, This presentation gives you the basic information about Task and Function in Verilog. For more information on this, kindly contact us.
Logic gates are the basic building blocks of any digital system. It is an electronic circuit having one or more than one input and only one output. The relationship between the input and the output is based on a certain logic. Based on this, logic gates are named as AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate etc.
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9. 9MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Logic Gates
• Exclusive OR (XOR) gate
10. 10MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Logic Gates
• Exclusive NOR (XNOR) gate
11. 11MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Draw Logic Gates
• When Boolean expression is obtained, we
can draw logic gates
• Example:
– F1 = xyz’ (use three input AND gate)
13. 13MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Logic Circuit Analysis
• When logic circuit is given, we can analyze
the circuit to obtain logical expression
• Example:
– What is the Boolean expression for F4
14. 14MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Logic Circuit Analysis
• What is the Boolean expression for F5
15. 15MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Universal Gates: NAND & NOR
• Gate AND/OR/NOT is enough to build any
Boolean function
• Even though, other gates is also used because:
– Very useful (no choice)
– Save transistor’s number
– Self sufficient (can build any gate from it)
NAND/NOR: save, self sufficient
XOR: useful (e.g. execute parity bit)
16. 16MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
NAND Gate
• NAND gate is self sufficient (i.e.can build
any gate from it)
• Can be used for building AND/OR/NOT
gate
• Build NOT gate using NAND gate
17. 17MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
NAND Gate
• Build AND gate using NAND gates
• Build OR gate using NAND gates
18. 18MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
NOR Gate
• NOR gate is also self sufficient
• Can be used for building AND/OR/NOT
gate
• Build NOT gate using NOR gate
19. 19MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
NOR Gate
• Build AND gate using NOR gates
• Build OR gate using NOR gates
20. 20MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Build using NAND gate
• It is not impossible to build Boolean
expression using NAND gates
Steps
– Obtain sum-of-product Boolean expression
• E.g: F3 = xy’ +x’z
– Use DeMorgan theorem to get expression using
two level NAND gate
• E.g: F3 = xy’ +x’z
= (xy’+x’z)”
= ((xy’)’.(x’z)’)’
22. 22MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Build using NOR gate
• It is not impossible to build Boolean
expression using NOR gates
Steps
– Obtain product-of-sum Boolean expression
• E.g: F6 = (x+y’).(x’+z)
– Use DeMorgan theorem to get expression using
two level NAND gate
• E.g: F3 = (x+y’).(x’+z)
=((x+y’).(x’+z))’’
= ((x+y’)+(x’+z)’)’
24. 24MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Positive & Negative Logic
• In logic gate, most of the time
– H (High Voltage, 5V) = logic 1
– L (Low Voltage, 0V) = logic 0
• This is called positive logic
• However, if it is inverted, it is negative logic
– H (High Voltage, 5V) = logic 0
– L (Low Voltage, 0V) = logic 1
• Depends, some similar gate need different
Boolean function
25. 25MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Positive & Negative Logic
• Signal which is set to logic 1 is said to be
active and true
• Signal which is set to logic 0 is said to be
not active and false
• The name of active high signal is always
written in non-compliment form
• The name of active low signal is always
written in non-compliment form
27. 27MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Construction of SOP Expression
• Sum-of-product expression can be built
using
– Two level logic gate AND-OR
– Two level logic gate AND-NOT
• Logic AND-OR gate
28. 28MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Construction of SOP Expression
• NAND-NAND circuit (with transformation
circuit)
– Add two balls
– Change OR with NAND
with inverted input and ball
on it’s compliment input
29. 29MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Construction of POS Expression
• Product-of-sum expression can be built
using
– Two level logic gate AND-OR
– Two level logic gate AND-NOT
• Logic AND-OR gate
30. 30MOHD. YAMANI IDRIS/ NOORZAILY MOHAMED NOOR
Construction of POS Expression
• NOR-NOR circuit (with transformation
circuit)
– Add two balls
– Change AND with NOR
with inverted input and ball
on it’s compliment input
”: