Literature Searching: Adult Learning Theory
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This document provides guidance on conducting literature searches for education topics. It discusses when to use medical versus educational databases and focuses on key educational databases like ERIC. Strategies are presented for developing effective search terms for education topics. Users are encouraged to try different databases and search strings to find relevant information and spend most time in ERIC and other education databases. Contact with librarians for assistance with searches is also recommended.
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Principles of Learning
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This study is predicated on the belief that there does not now exist, nor will there ever exist, any single theory of learning that is broad enough to account for all types of learning yet specific enough to be maximally useful in practical application. Perhaps this dichotomy is the reason for the apparent gap between existing theories of learning and the practice of instructional design. As an alternative to any supposed grand theory of learning—and following the lead of prominent thinkers in the fields of clinical psychology and language teaching—this study proposes a shift toward principles. It presents a principle-based conceptual framework of learning, and recommends use of the framework as a guide for creating domain-specific theories of learning. The purpose of this study was to review theories of learning in the behavioral, cognitive, constructive, human, and social traditions to identify principles of learning local to those theories that might represent specific instances of more universal principles, fundamentally requisite to the facilitation of learning in general. Many of the ideas reviewed have resulted from, or been supported by, direct empirical evidence. Others have been suggested based on observational or practical experience of the theorist. The ideas come from different points in time, are described from a variety of perspectives, and emphasize different aspects and types of learning; yet there are a number of common themes shared among them regarding the means by which learning occurs. It is hypothesized that such themes represent universal and fundamental principles of learning. These principles were the objective of the present study. They have been sought through careful review and analysis of both theoretical and empirical literature by methods of textual research (Clingan, 2008) and constant comparative analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). By way of textual research a methodological lens was defined to identify general themes, and by way of constant comparative analysis these themes were developed further through the analysis and classification of specific instances of those themes in the texts reviewed. Ten such principles were identified: repetition, time, step size, sequence, contrast, significance, feedback, context, engagement, and agency. These ten facilitative principles were then organized in the context of a comprehensive principles-of-learning framework, which includes the four additional principles of potential, target, change, and practice. Keywords: principles of learning, domain-specific theories of learning, learning framework, learning theories, learning theory, learning principles, learning, principles, theory, theories
4 cognitivism
The document discusses cognitivism and its key ideas. Cognitivism argues that mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving should be studied. It views learning as a change in a learner's mental schemas or symbolic constructions as they process information. The document also summarizes some of the main ideas of Gestalt psychology, an early perspective that influenced cognitivism. Gestalt psychologists believed perception involves perceiving whole forms and patterns, not just individual parts.
Learning Theories: Classical Conditioning & Gestalt Theory
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Cognitive and social constructivism. powell
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Freud, Erikson, Piaget, and Kohlberg's theories describe human development across the lifespan. Freud focused on psychosexual development through oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages. Erikson emphasized psychosocial development through trust, autonomy, initiative, industry and identity. Piaget's stages of cognitive development included sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational thought. Kohlberg described moral development progressing from preconventional to conventional to postconventional stages.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Literature Searching: Adult Learning Theory
- 1. Literature Searching Library Research in Education Liz Johns | Librarian for Education | emjohns@jhu.edu Carrie Price | Clinical Informationist | cprice17@jhmi.edu
- 2. Your Librarian Liz Johns | emjohns@jhu.edu Carrie Price | cprice17@jhmi.edu
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- 5. Poll What database do you use most often? (In general, not necessarily for this course or MEHP.)
- 6. Poll What database do you use most often for this class or MEHP?
- 7. Poll What challenges are you having doing literature searches for this class/MEHP?
- 10. PubMed and Scopus: How are they Different? PubMed ● From the National Library of Medicine ● Over 25 million records ● Covers life sciences, healthcare, and biomedical topics ● Method of standardized indexing is called Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ● Contains literature on medical education, medical students, the medical school experience Scopus ● From Elsevier ● Largest database of peer-reviewed literature ● Covers fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, arts and humanities ● No standardized indexing ● Contains literature on medical education and possibly other relevant topics There will be some overlap.
- 11. Why can’t I just use PubMed?
- 12. Education Databases: How are they different? Focus is on educational resources. Most are written by educators, or like you, medical educators.
- 13. Education Databases: Start here
- 14. Education Databases: ERIC ERIC provides access to research articles, case studies, research reports, curriculum and teaching guides, dissertations, government publications, dissertations, and theses.
- 15. Education Databases: Access through the Sheridan Libraries guides.library.jhu.edu/education Visit the education guide to find tons of resources on education.
- 16. Agree or Disagree I have searched for literature in an education database such as ERIC or Education Journals before today.
- 17. Which database? Medical or Education How do medical residency programs prepare surgeons for emergency situations?
- 18. Which database? Medical or Education How do medical residency programs prepare surgeons for emergency situations? MEDICAL
- 19. Which database? Medical or Education How does collaborative group work affect the learning process in an online nursing ethics course?
- 20. Which database? Medical or Education How does collaborative group work affect the learning process in an online nursing ethics course? EDUCATION
- 21. Which database? Medical or Education What methods are most effective in assessing the readiness of a dental student to begin practicum.
- 22. Which database? Medical or Education What methods are most effective in assessing the readiness of a dental student to begin practicum. BOTH
- 23. Develop a Search Strategy
- 24. Agree or Disagree I feel like I often have trouble coming up with keywords for my education literature searches?
- 25. Chat Box What are some strategies you have used to make your searching in education sources more effective?
- 26. Focus on Keywords How does collaborative group work affect the learning process in an online nursing ethics course?
- 27. Focus on Keywords How does collaborative group work affect the learning process in an online nursing ethics course?
- 29. Searching Try your searches in different databases, and rework your search strings to find different information. ❖ Try PubMed and Scopus. ❖ Spend most of your time in ERIC. ❖ Try additional education databases such as Education Full Text, Education Journals, and Academic Search Complete.
- 30. Search
- 32. You’re not alone! Contact through the course discussion board, “Ask a Librarian” or email us directly. Email both Carrie and Liz, and they will work together to provide support. emjohns@jhu.edu and cprice17@jhmi.edu