This document discusses two classic learning theories: classical conditioning and Gestalt theory. Classical conditioning, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, is a type of associative learning where a reflexive response becomes linked to a previously neutral stimulus. Gestalt theory, developed by German psychologists in the early 20th century, proposes that people tend to organize visual elements into unified wholes based on principles like proximity, similarity, and closure. Both theories aim to explain how information is absorbed and processed during learning, with classical conditioning focusing on stimulus-response links and Gestalt theory emphasizing learners' comprehension of concepts as unified patterns or forms.