Chapter 4
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This chapter discusses strategies for effectively searching for information. It notes that students are often comfortable with simple Google searches but more advanced searches are needed. The document outlines different search strategies such as using keywords, Boolean operators, and limiting searches. It also discusses the current information landscape, including the large amount of available information online and issues with accuracy. The goal is to teach students to be empowered searchers who can find relevant high-quality information.
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- 1. Chapter 4 Finding Information: Teaching the Strategies for Searching
- 2. Finding Information: Teaching the Strategies for Searching • Current Issues in Searching • The Information Landscape • Search Strategies • Additional Search Strategies
- 3. Finding Information: Teaching the Strategies for Searching • Finding relevant, high-quality information that can be the basis of evidence-based nursing practice is not as simple as the Google search that most students are comfortable using when they enter college or graduate school. • There is no one single correct search strategy.
- 4. Current Issues in Searching • According to the 2011 Pew Internet Health Topics survey, 80% of Internet users, or 59% of U.S. adults, look online for health information • The amount of information online can be overwhelming and discouraging • More than half of health information-related resources have serious accuracy concerns. • Many students are not equipped to access the wealth of information in academic databases.
- 5. The Information Landscape • Internet users are used to immediate information availability – The delay of making a photocopy or entering an additional password can make the difference in whether or not an article is read. – Researchers at every level admit that they would rather use a less relevant and less authoritative e-journal article than a more relevant and more authoritative print article
- 6. The Information Landscape • Libraries – Used to be the “gatekeepers” of information – Now they are limited by licenses, contracts and costs associated with high quality information – The costs of serial subscriptions have been increasing exponentially – Open-access – calls for publishing models of peer-reviewed research that distributes the costs and profits more evenly
- 7. The Information Landscape • Libraries – There is debate whether being able to own information gives unique benefits to students over simply being able to access information. – Discovery systems – being able to search all resources that a library has access to. • Fairly new but important development
- 8. Search Strategies • Many search strategies work in open search engines (Google), point-of-care reference sources (DynaMed), and general reference sources (Credo Referece) • Search Terms – Students tend to use broad, long-form topics of interest – Keywords must be developed and searched instead – Most resources depend on literal words and phrases
- 9. Search Strategies • Keywords – Express the concentrated essence of important concepts – Must address all of the concepts within a question – Use AND to search multiple keywords • E.g. parent-nurse relationships AND patient outcomes
- 10. Search Strategies • Searching – There is no perfect search, try different numbers and combinations of keywords – The search is flexible and can be thrown away if necessary – Many databases save search history
- 11. Search Strategies • Searching – Sometimes researchers use different language than students so using OR can be helpful • E.g. Parent-nurse OR family-centered OR parent-professional • Each phrase describes the same core idea
- 12. Search Strategies • Searching – Using NOT can exclude concepts from the search • This is not always the best way to build a search since many students do not know enough about a subject to know for certain that a specific topic is not relevant to their search.
- 13. Search Strategies • Searching – “no results found” – Students need to be encouraged to always try again and not assume that there is no research on a topic. – Try different keywords or a different search location – Mining – using article references to further searching and information gathering ability
- 14. Additional Search Strategies • Keywords can also be used to limit results based on a certain type of literature – E.g. adding quantitative to the search limits the search to only quantitative data • There are also limiting tools built into the databases to assist students in narrowing down results
- 15. Conclusion • Faculty can choose to teach and view search strategies as a skill set that empowers students to take responsibility for their own learning. • Teaching students to be empowered, confident searchers is the first step in training them to start thinking critically about the information they choose to use in their academic work, their clinical practice, and throughout their everyday lives