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TECHNICAL
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
LISTENING
PERHAPS LISTENING CAN NOT BE TAUGHT
BUT MANY OF US ARE CONVINCED THAT IT
CAN BE LEARNT
- CARL WEAVER
 Poor listening due to various reasons on the part of the receiver can act
as a barrier to communication.
 Listening is not as easy as it appears. There have been difficult times
often because people have not listened properly.
 We hear most of the times but listen occasionally. On numerous
occasions our attention gets diverted.
HEARING v/s LISTENING
 When we hear something, we take it casually, but when we listen to
something, we do so seriously.
 No effort is made in hearing while for listening conscious efforts are
made. Hearing is called a physiological process and listening is a mental
process.
LISTENING AS A PROCESS
Listening is a process that begins with hearing. The process of listening
comprises of hearing, interpreting, evaluating and then responding. Any
improper step in this process may affect listening. Such a listening is called
perceptive listening.
Earnest D Nathan says: “Perceptive listening is a conscious cognitive effort
TYPES OF LISTENING
• Combative
• Superficial
• Appreciative
• Attentive
• Focused
• Reflective/ Evaluative
• Empathetic
Combative- Listener is more bothered about his own view points
than the contents delivered by the speaker. He wastes energy to
grab opportunity to barge into the talk and throw upon his points.
He wants to draw attention.
Superficial- Listener has little awareness of what is being said. His
output is zero as he is unable to concentrate on the message.
Appreciative- the main purpose is to get enjoyment and pleasure.
Attentive – The listener listens to the speaker patiently and
believes him. He neither checks the speaker nor mistrusts him.. The
listener lacks independent thinking and gets carried away by what
has been said.
Reflective/evaluative – The listener is alert and carefully
evaluates each word spoken by him. He pays lots of attention by
paraphrasing and recapitulating what the speaker has said. He
forms his own opinion and reciprocates that in a responsible
manner.
Focused- It means listening to only specific information. The
main purpose is to get specific information that might be useful to
take some decision. Most common type.
Empathetic- Listening not only to what the speaker is saying but
also to how he/she is saying, his feelings, emotions and state of
mind. The listener has to understand and respond to the affective
signals made by the speaker (if any) and interpret them.
Whatever the type, there is always a purpose of
listening to the message. In order to achieve that
purpose, one must know the difference between
effective and ineffective listening
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
The listener
• Knows the purpose and is motivated to listen.
• Understands the language of the speaker.
• The content is accessible because of familiarity with
it.
• Pays attention to the theme, main points and
supporting details.
• As he concentrates , he thinks ahead, hypothesises
and predicts.
• Asks questions for clarifications.
• Interprets and analyses while listening.
• Is able to use different strategies for different types
of discourses.
INEFFECTIVE LISTENING
The listener
• Has no purpose and motivation to listen
• Finds the language difficult.
• The content is unfamiliar
• Does not pay attention and is unable to
concentrate
• Does not think ahead
• Does not question the speaker regardless of
whether he/she has heard accurately or not
• Does not interpret and analyse while he/she
listens
• Is not able to use strategies
ADVANTAGES OF LISTENING
1. CONVERSATION- Laid on the foundation of listening
2. INTERVIEWS –Active listening and listening to every word will keep
you focused and to the point
3. ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES- Effective listening plays a crucial
role in receiving instructions and making decisions.
4. NEGOTIATION- Effective listening can help in clinching a deal.
5. GROUP DISCUSSION- Helps in maintaining unity in members.
Candidates are able to react to other participants’ viewpoint.
6. MEETINGS- Makes the objectives of the meeting successful.
Meeting is a good platform to announce good policies, propagate
organization’s business and resolve challenges, effective listening
becomes mandatory.
FACTORS AFFECTING LISTENING/ BARRIERS TO
LISTENING
EXTERNAL FACTORS
• NOISE- Cell phones, traffic flow, disturbance in faulty connectivity
in telephonic talk
• VENUE- Dark room, improper ventilation/ sitting arrangements/
temperature
• TIME- Too much information in less time, meetings at short
notice, after office hours/ on holidays
• STATUS- People in habit of listening attentively to those who have
status. Many organization send top level employees time to time
to bridge the gap
INTERNAL FACTORS
STATE OF MIND- Feelings of anger, envy, frustration and anxiety
disrupt concentration and block listening. If emotionally charged,
people misinterpret words and react unfavourably, unable to focus,
develop disinterest
EGO- People at same hierarchy ignoring each other’s ideas and
suggestions because of ego. Imp. Issues get side-lined due to ego
clashes.
PREJUDGEMENT- Judge individuals or messages before hearing
them fully. Jump to conclusions on basis of a particular word or
impression, hence shirk listening. Because of pre-conceived
notions., refuse to listen at all
LANGUAGE- Usage of difficult language/ words distracts listeners

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listening

  • 2. PERHAPS LISTENING CAN NOT BE TAUGHT BUT MANY OF US ARE CONVINCED THAT IT CAN BE LEARNT - CARL WEAVER
  • 3.  Poor listening due to various reasons on the part of the receiver can act as a barrier to communication.  Listening is not as easy as it appears. There have been difficult times often because people have not listened properly.  We hear most of the times but listen occasionally. On numerous occasions our attention gets diverted. HEARING v/s LISTENING  When we hear something, we take it casually, but when we listen to something, we do so seriously.  No effort is made in hearing while for listening conscious efforts are made. Hearing is called a physiological process and listening is a mental process. LISTENING AS A PROCESS Listening is a process that begins with hearing. The process of listening comprises of hearing, interpreting, evaluating and then responding. Any improper step in this process may affect listening. Such a listening is called perceptive listening. Earnest D Nathan says: “Perceptive listening is a conscious cognitive effort
  • 4. TYPES OF LISTENING • Combative • Superficial • Appreciative • Attentive • Focused • Reflective/ Evaluative • Empathetic
  • 5. Combative- Listener is more bothered about his own view points than the contents delivered by the speaker. He wastes energy to grab opportunity to barge into the talk and throw upon his points. He wants to draw attention. Superficial- Listener has little awareness of what is being said. His output is zero as he is unable to concentrate on the message. Appreciative- the main purpose is to get enjoyment and pleasure. Attentive – The listener listens to the speaker patiently and believes him. He neither checks the speaker nor mistrusts him.. The listener lacks independent thinking and gets carried away by what has been said.
  • 6. Reflective/evaluative – The listener is alert and carefully evaluates each word spoken by him. He pays lots of attention by paraphrasing and recapitulating what the speaker has said. He forms his own opinion and reciprocates that in a responsible manner. Focused- It means listening to only specific information. The main purpose is to get specific information that might be useful to take some decision. Most common type. Empathetic- Listening not only to what the speaker is saying but also to how he/she is saying, his feelings, emotions and state of mind. The listener has to understand and respond to the affective signals made by the speaker (if any) and interpret them.
  • 7. Whatever the type, there is always a purpose of listening to the message. In order to achieve that purpose, one must know the difference between effective and ineffective listening EFFECTIVE LISTENING The listener • Knows the purpose and is motivated to listen. • Understands the language of the speaker. • The content is accessible because of familiarity with it. • Pays attention to the theme, main points and supporting details. • As he concentrates , he thinks ahead, hypothesises and predicts. • Asks questions for clarifications. • Interprets and analyses while listening. • Is able to use different strategies for different types of discourses. INEFFECTIVE LISTENING The listener • Has no purpose and motivation to listen • Finds the language difficult. • The content is unfamiliar • Does not pay attention and is unable to concentrate • Does not think ahead • Does not question the speaker regardless of whether he/she has heard accurately or not • Does not interpret and analyse while he/she listens • Is not able to use strategies
  • 8. ADVANTAGES OF LISTENING 1. CONVERSATION- Laid on the foundation of listening 2. INTERVIEWS –Active listening and listening to every word will keep you focused and to the point 3. ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES- Effective listening plays a crucial role in receiving instructions and making decisions. 4. NEGOTIATION- Effective listening can help in clinching a deal. 5. GROUP DISCUSSION- Helps in maintaining unity in members. Candidates are able to react to other participants’ viewpoint. 6. MEETINGS- Makes the objectives of the meeting successful. Meeting is a good platform to announce good policies, propagate organization’s business and resolve challenges, effective listening becomes mandatory.
  • 9. FACTORS AFFECTING LISTENING/ BARRIERS TO LISTENING EXTERNAL FACTORS • NOISE- Cell phones, traffic flow, disturbance in faulty connectivity in telephonic talk • VENUE- Dark room, improper ventilation/ sitting arrangements/ temperature • TIME- Too much information in less time, meetings at short notice, after office hours/ on holidays • STATUS- People in habit of listening attentively to those who have status. Many organization send top level employees time to time to bridge the gap
  • 10. INTERNAL FACTORS STATE OF MIND- Feelings of anger, envy, frustration and anxiety disrupt concentration and block listening. If emotionally charged, people misinterpret words and react unfavourably, unable to focus, develop disinterest EGO- People at same hierarchy ignoring each other’s ideas and suggestions because of ego. Imp. Issues get side-lined due to ego clashes. PREJUDGEMENT- Judge individuals or messages before hearing them fully. Jump to conclusions on basis of a particular word or impression, hence shirk listening. Because of pre-conceived notions., refuse to listen at all LANGUAGE- Usage of difficult language/ words distracts listeners