The document details a liquid-liquid extraction experiment conducted at Soran University, focusing on extracting sugar from a nonpolar liquid (oil) using water as a polar solvent. It outlines the procedure, materials, and calculations involved in the extraction process, ultimately resulting in 100ml of sweet water and 20ml of oil. The report also discusses the importance of correctly opening the stopcock and cap during the draining process.

1. Soran University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering
Chemistry
Title: Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Experiment Number: 3
Name: Raboon Redar Mohammed
Group: A
Date: 03/03/2019
Supervisor(s): Dr. Hemn Abdulqadr
Ms. Fenk Abdulrazaq

2. Aim:
Extracting an unwanted liquid or solid substance (that is soluble in an
Organic or Inorganic liquid) from another liquid is the main purpose of
this report. Extracting two substances that are opposite in polarity (not
soluble in each other) is explained.
Introduction:
Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) also known as solvent extraction is a
method to separate compounds based on their relative solubility in two
different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent.
Liquid–liquid extraction is a separation process which is based on the
different distribution of the components to be separated between two
liquid phases. Simply it is a method by which a compound is pulled from
solvent A to solvent B where solvents A and B are not miscible. It
depends on the mass transfer of the component to be extracted from a
first liquid phase to a second one. There are many ways and methods to
the Liquid–liquid extraction like: Coalescer, Settler, Hydrocyclone,
Centrifugal Extractor, Flotation, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, and Column
Extractor. Separating two liquids with the help of a funnel (the basic
material) is explained in the upcoming procedure.
Materials:
1. Beaker
2. Tea Spoon
3. Stirrer
4. Funnel
5. Separator (separating) funnel
6. Ring Stand
7. Ring Clamp
8. Separating funnel’s Cap
9. Separating funnel’s Stopcock

3. Procedure:
Sugar is poured to a nonpolar liquid (oil) accidentally and needs to get
extracted from it. Water solvent is added to it in case to dissolve the
sugar in it. You stir them by a stirrer until the sugar dissolves in the
water. Add the extraction solvents to the separatory funnel using a
funnel (be careful the stopcock is closed first!). Two phases should be
observed. Place the cap (funnel stopper) on the separatory funnel. Vent
(allow air to go out) the separatory funnel to reduce any pressure that
has built by opening the stopcock: with the funnel inverted but cap
closed. Close the stopcock and gently shake the separatory funnel. The
venting and shaking steps need to be repeated several times. After
completing the above steps, two phases must be seen. The upper phase
is the oil without sugar and the lower solvent is the water. Clap the
separatory funnel to a ring stand with help of a ring clamp and put a
beaker under it. To get the water and sugar out and realize its volume,
open the cap and the stopcock until the lower phrase (sweet water) is
emptied and the oil reaches the bottom of the separating funnel. You
can also realize the oil's volume which is in the separating funnel by
reading the millimeter measuring on it or drain it to another different
beaker.
Calculation:
Sugar is accidentally added to 20ml oil, 100ml water is added to dissolve
the sugar in it and get rid of the oil totally 120ml liquid is inside the
separating funnel.
Discussion:
When the 2 solvents were needed to get emptied to the beakers, only
the stopcock was opened unaware of the cap. But actually the cap and
the stopcock both has to get opened to drain the liquid inside.
Result:
After the procedure and above steps are done, you must have a 100ml
sweet water in a beaker and 20ml oil in the other beaker.