its the ppt about giving the information about the extraction process related to the process calculation which has general information about extraction and a numerical solved.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
An Overview to the most common Industrial Mass Transfer Operations & Process Separation Technologies
Course Description
In this course we will cover the most basic processes involved in Mass Transfer Operations. This is an overview of what type of processes, methods and units are used in the industry. This is mostly an introductory course which will allow you to learn, understand and know the approach towards separation processes involving mass transfer phenomena.
It is an excellent course before any Mass Transfer Process or Unit Operation Course such as Distillations, Extractions, Leaching, Membranes, Absorption, etc...
This course is extremely recommended if you will continue with the following:
Flash Distillation, Simple Distillation, Batch Distillation
Gas Absorption, Desorption & Stripping
Binary Distillation, Fractional Distillation
Scrubbers, Gas Treating
Sprayers / Spray Towers
Bubble Columns / Sparged Vessels
Agitation Vessels
Packed Towers, Tray Towers
Membranes
Liquid Extraction
Dryers / Humidifiers
Adsorbers
Evaporators/Sublimators
Crystallizers
Centrifugations
And many other Separation Technology!
At the end of the Course:
You will be able to understand the mass transfer operations concepts. You will be able to identify Mass Transfer Unit Operations. You will be also able to ensure the type of method of separation technology used.
You will be able to apply this theory in further Unit Operations.
Theory-Based Course
This is a very theoretical course, some calculations and exercises are present, but overall, expect mostly theoretical concepts.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
continuous distillation with rectification process and its working principal with diagram and also its use in industrial applications.
design and operations explained.
This PPT contains Basics and Detail study of Liquid Liquid Extraction.....one of the unit operation in Mass Transfer. Also contains solvent selection criteria.
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
Its part of sedimentation which is covered under the Mechanical operations. It contains the gravity sedimentation, clarifier and classifiers, sink and float method, gravity and sorting classifiers, differential settling methods etc....
Its just gives basic concept of sedimentation.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Mass transfer processes
Subject: 3.2 Equipment
this is the design engineering report on the topic of the GAS-LIQUID reactions. which involves the primary information about this topic for DE for chemical engineering......
this is the simple ppt about the manufacturing of H-acid which is used as the dye and dye intermediate in industry, and it is part of the syllabus in GTU sem-IV in subject of CPI-II.
An Overview to the most common Industrial Mass Transfer Operations & Process Separation Technologies
Course Description
In this course we will cover the most basic processes involved in Mass Transfer Operations. This is an overview of what type of processes, methods and units are used in the industry. This is mostly an introductory course which will allow you to learn, understand and know the approach towards separation processes involving mass transfer phenomena.
It is an excellent course before any Mass Transfer Process or Unit Operation Course such as Distillations, Extractions, Leaching, Membranes, Absorption, etc...
This course is extremely recommended if you will continue with the following:
Flash Distillation, Simple Distillation, Batch Distillation
Gas Absorption, Desorption & Stripping
Binary Distillation, Fractional Distillation
Scrubbers, Gas Treating
Sprayers / Spray Towers
Bubble Columns / Sparged Vessels
Agitation Vessels
Packed Towers, Tray Towers
Membranes
Liquid Extraction
Dryers / Humidifiers
Adsorbers
Evaporators/Sublimators
Crystallizers
Centrifugations
And many other Separation Technology!
At the end of the Course:
You will be able to understand the mass transfer operations concepts. You will be able to identify Mass Transfer Unit Operations. You will be also able to ensure the type of method of separation technology used.
You will be able to apply this theory in further Unit Operations.
Theory-Based Course
This is a very theoretical course, some calculations and exercises are present, but overall, expect mostly theoretical concepts.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
continuous distillation with rectification process and its working principal with diagram and also its use in industrial applications.
design and operations explained.
This PPT contains Basics and Detail study of Liquid Liquid Extraction.....one of the unit operation in Mass Transfer. Also contains solvent selection criteria.
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
Its part of sedimentation which is covered under the Mechanical operations. It contains the gravity sedimentation, clarifier and classifiers, sink and float method, gravity and sorting classifiers, differential settling methods etc....
Its just gives basic concept of sedimentation.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Mass transfer processes
Subject: 3.2 Equipment
this is the design engineering report on the topic of the GAS-LIQUID reactions. which involves the primary information about this topic for DE for chemical engineering......
this is the simple ppt about the manufacturing of H-acid which is used as the dye and dye intermediate in industry, and it is part of the syllabus in GTU sem-IV in subject of CPI-II.
H - Acid Caustic Fusion Stage
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION
1 DESIGN INFORMATION
1.1 Reactor Type
1.2 Temperature Range
1.3 Pressure Range
1.4 Chemical System
2 BACKGROUND
3 KINETICS AND MECHANISM
4 MAXIMUM YIELD AND IMPLICATIONS FOR REACTOR DESIGN
5 USE OF DESIGN MODEL FOR START-UP AND MANUFACTURING MONITORING
6 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURES
1 FUSION MODEL OUTLINE MECHANISM AND KINETIC SCHEME
2 TEST RUN OPTIMIZATION OF HEATING TIME 3600 kg/h STEAM
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
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To prepare relatively stable and homogeneous mixtures of two immiscible liquids.
Permits administration of a liquid drug in the form of minute globules rather than in bulk.
Palatable administration of an otherwise distasteful oil by dispersing it in a sweetened, flavored aqueous vehicle.
Biphasic system
emulsions
Classification of emulsion
Theories of emulsification
The HLB system
Stability of Emulsion
Emulsion Manufacturing
Test for emulsions
Pharmaceutical applications of emulsions
Packaging of emulsions
aqueous one known as a direct emulsion. Stabilization of O/W emulsion is often performed with hydrophilic-hydrophobic particles. The hydrophilic end of the emulsifier molecule has an affinity for water, and the hydrophobic end is drawn to the fat/oil. Vigorously mixing the emulsifier with the water and oil creates a stable emulsion. For example, milk is oil in the water type of emulsion. In this mixture, fat globules are dispersed in the water.
Emulsion water in oil (W/O) is composed of an aqueous phase dispersed in the oil phase. A water-in-oil emulsion is much fattier than a direct emulsion. Margarine is a water-in-oil emulsion.
Other emulsions, such as oil in water in oil, or water in oil in water, exist as well. Blood is also an emulsion consisting of negatively charged colloidal particles, which are albuminoid substances.
Go to:
Issues of Concern
Emulsions are a sub-class of colloids, which are two-phase systems of matter.
Although the terms colloid and emulsion are sometimes used indistinctly, emulsion applies only when both dispersed, and continuous phases are liquids. A colloid is a mixture of a compound that is in a solid, liquid, or gas state and a liquid. The critical difference between a colloid and an emulsion is that colloid can form when any state of matter (solid, gas, or liquid) combine with a liquid. In contrast, the emulsion has two liquid components that are initially immiscible with each other.
Emulsions, as liquids, do not demonstrate a static internal structure. Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable as both the dispersed and continuous phases can revert as separate phases, oil, and water, by fusion or the coalescing of droplets. Industries use emulsifying agents, eg, surfactants, to maintain a static structure.[1]
Usually, the phase in which the surfactant exhibits the greatest solubility is the continuous phase. Thus, hydrophilic surfactants foster O/W emulsions, whereas lipophilic surfactants promote W/O emulsions.
Go to:
Clinical Significance
Emulsions are frequently used in pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene products, and cosmetics. These are usually oil and water emulsions, albeit dispersed. These emulsions are called creams, ointments, balms, pastes, films, or liquids, depending on their oil-to-water ratios, the addition of other additives, and their intended administration route. Emulsions allow the encapsulation of an active ingredient in the dispersed phase to protect it from degradation and preserve its activity in a sustained manner. They are used to make medications more palatable, to improve their effectiveness via dosage control of active ingredients, and to provide better aesthetics for topical drugs such as ointments.
Intravenous and parenteral emulsions may be used for nutritive therapy applications when a patient is unable to consume food or receive nutrition. Fat emulsions serve as dietary complements for patients who cannot get the required fat solely from their diet. The compound may be given as
Similar to extraction for process calculation (20)
its the ppt about giving basic information about thermodynamic which is part of the chemical engineering. it includes all the laws and other features related thermodynamics like entropy-temperature and pressure and other things
its the ppt about phase rule which is the part of physical and inorganic chemistry in GTU. it explains how the phase rule is applicable in chemical eng.
it contains the basic information about the shear force diagram which is the part of the Mechanics of solid. there many numerical solved and whivh will give you detaild idea in S.f.d.
its ppt for the laplace transform which part of Advance maths engineering. its contains the main points and one example solved in it and have the application related the chemical engineering
it contain some primary information about carbon black and its manufacturing process... not in detail but just overview...
hope you will find it helpful...
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
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adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
extraction for process calculation
1. Year: 2016-17
Subject: Process Calculation (2130504)
Topic: EXTRACTION
Name of the Students:
Patil Mayur 160283105009
Rohit Chetan 160283105010
Sindhav Jaydrath 160283105011
Vasava Yogesh 160283105012
Gujarat Technological University
L.D. College of Engineering
2. • Normally, the term extraction is used for liquid-liquid separation.
• When a mixture of liquid is not easily separable by distillation,
Extraction is employed.
• In this process, a solvent is added to the liquid-liquid mixture. As
a result, two immiscible layers are formed, both of which contain
varying amounts of different compounds.
• These isolated layers are removed as extract phase and Raffinate
phase using the density difference.
• But, distillation has to follow extraction for the solvent recovery
of the solvent for re-use.
Extraction
3. • For example, Furfural is common solvent in the extraction
operations in the petroleum industries.
• Another liquid phase according to the solubility. Extraction
becomes a very useful when a suitable extraction solvent is
chosen.
• Extraction can be used to separate a substance selectively from a
mixture Liquid-liquid extraction is based on the transfer of a
solute substance from one liquid phase into, or to remove
unwanted impurities from a solution.
Continue…
4. • It is a useful method to separate components (compounds) of a
mixture
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
5. • Suppose that you have a mixture of sugar in vegetable oil (it
tastes sweet!) and you want to separate the sugar from the oil.
• You observe that the sugar particles are too tiny to filter and you
suspect that the sugar is partially dissolved in the vegetable oil.
Continue…
6. • How about shaking the mixture with water
• Will it separate the sugar from the oil? Sugar is much more
soluble in water than in vegetable oil, and, as you know, water
is immiscible (=not soluble) with oil.
Continue…
7. • Did you see the result? The water phase is the bottom layer and
the oil phase is the top layer, because water is denser than oil.
• *You have not shaken the mixture yet, so sugar is still in the oil
phase.
Continue…
8. • By shaking the layers (phases) well, you increase the contact
area between the two phases. The sugar will move to the phase
in which it is most soluble: the water layer
• Now the water phase tastes sweet, because the sugar is moved to
the water phase upon shaking
Continue…
9. • the original oil-sugar mixture was the solution to be extracted;
and sugar was the compound extracted from one phase to
another. Separating the two layers accomplishes the separation of
the sugar from the vegetable oil
Continue…
10. • When a compound is shaken in a separatory funnel with two
immiscible solvents, the compound will distribute itself between
the two solvents.
• Normally one solvent is water and the other solvent is a water-
immiscible organic solvent.
Continue…
Most organic compounds are
more soluble in organic
solvents, while some organic
compounds are more soluble in
water.
11. • The efficiency of a liquid liquid extraction can be enhanced by
adding one or more extractants to the solvent phase.
• The extractant interacts with component I increasing the
capacity of the solvent for i.
• To recover the solute from the extract phase the extractant-
solute complex has to be degraded.
Extractants
12. • A mixture containing 47.5 % acetic acid and 52.5 % water (by
mass) is being separated by the extraction in a counter multistage
unit. The operating temperature is 297 K and the solvent used is
iso-propyle ether. On the solvent free basis is to be found to be
82% by mass of the acetic acid. The Raffinate is to be found to
contain 14% by the mass of acetic acid on a solvent free basis.
Calculate the percentage of acetic acid of the original feed which
remains unextracted.
Example
14. • Solution: Basis – 100 kg of Feed mixture
• Let E and R be the masses in kg of extract phase and Raffinate
phase respectively.
• Overall balance,
Feed F = E + R
E + R = 100 (i)
Continue…
15. • Balance of acetic acid
XF . F = XE . E + XR . R
• So,
0.82 E + 0.14 R = 0.475 x 100 = 47.5 (ii)
• Where, XF , XR & XE is mass fraction of acetic acid in feed,
Raffinate and extract resp.
• Solving equation (i) and (ii),
Continue…
16. • E= 49.2 kg
R=50.8kg
• Acetic acid leftover in raffinate = 50.8 x 0.14 = 7.11 kg
• Acetic acid which is remain unextracted = (7.11/47.5) x 100
= 15%
Continue…