Market segmentation involves dividing a market into distinct groups of customers with similar needs and wants. There are several types of market segmentation including geographical segmentation which divides the market based on location, demographic segmentation which divides the market based on factors like age, income, and education, and psychographic segmentation which divides the market based on personality traits, lifestyle, and values. Market segmentation allows companies to target specific customer groups to better satisfy their needs, enhance profits, generate employment, and increase competitiveness.