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Attachment (Bowlby, Ainsworth)
4 main attachment styles:
• Secure
• Insecure - Anxious - preoccupied
• Insecure - Dismissive - avoidant
• Insecure - Disorganized
Attachment, characteristics
Attachment style Self Other ER
Secure Self- esteem, balance
autonomy- dependency
Differentiated, warm,
responsive interactions
Adequate
Anxious - preoccupied Less positive self value,
dependency
High levels of approval,
love, responsiveness
Under-regulation,
impulsiveness, high
expression of emotions
Dismissive - avoidant Maximum need for
autonomy , self-
sufficient, invulnerable
Unimportant Overregulation
Disorganized Unconscious, negative
self- view
Distrustful No regulation
Mentalization (Bateman & Fonagy)
‘Mentalization refers to the ability to reflect
upon, and to understand one's state of
mind; to have insight into what one is
feeling, and why’.
Ability of mentalization is based on process
of brain development and develops within a
secure attachment relationship.
Disturbed mentalization: related to stress/
high arousal and personality problems
Symptoms of disturbed mentalization
• Communication problems, not able to
understand others
• Intense and overwhelming emotions like
fear, sadness, aggression
• Or: absence of emotions (only thinking)
• Impulsivity, self harm, suicidality and
Addiction
Mentalization and addiction
Relevance of mentalization in addiction:
1. Detoxification high arousal
2. Mental states incite use of substances
3. Ability of mentalization forms a protection
for use
Instruments; references
• Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main et
al.)
• Gehechtheidsbiografisch interview (GBI;
Van Ijzendoorn)
• Mentalization and Mentalization Based
Treatment (Bateman & Fonagy)
• Biobehavioral ‘switch’ model (Luyten,
Mayes, et al. 2009)

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Linda Schaap. Castle Craig Netherlands. Power Point Presentation iCAAD Amsterdam 2018

  • 1. Attachment (Bowlby, Ainsworth) 4 main attachment styles: • Secure • Insecure - Anxious - preoccupied • Insecure - Dismissive - avoidant • Insecure - Disorganized
  • 2. Attachment, characteristics Attachment style Self Other ER Secure Self- esteem, balance autonomy- dependency Differentiated, warm, responsive interactions Adequate Anxious - preoccupied Less positive self value, dependency High levels of approval, love, responsiveness Under-regulation, impulsiveness, high expression of emotions Dismissive - avoidant Maximum need for autonomy , self- sufficient, invulnerable Unimportant Overregulation Disorganized Unconscious, negative self- view Distrustful No regulation
  • 3. Mentalization (Bateman & Fonagy) ‘Mentalization refers to the ability to reflect upon, and to understand one's state of mind; to have insight into what one is feeling, and why’. Ability of mentalization is based on process of brain development and develops within a secure attachment relationship. Disturbed mentalization: related to stress/ high arousal and personality problems
  • 4. Symptoms of disturbed mentalization • Communication problems, not able to understand others • Intense and overwhelming emotions like fear, sadness, aggression • Or: absence of emotions (only thinking) • Impulsivity, self harm, suicidality and Addiction
  • 5. Mentalization and addiction Relevance of mentalization in addiction: 1. Detoxification high arousal 2. Mental states incite use of substances 3. Ability of mentalization forms a protection for use
  • 6. Instruments; references • Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main et al.) • Gehechtheidsbiografisch interview (GBI; Van Ijzendoorn) • Mentalization and Mentalization Based Treatment (Bateman & Fonagy) • Biobehavioral ‘switch’ model (Luyten, Mayes, et al. 2009)