The document discusses the limbic system and its components. It describes the structures that make up the limbic lobe, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. It then explains some of the key functions of the hypothalamus, including regulating hormones and body temperature. The hippocampus is important for forming long-term memories, while the amygdala is involved in emotional responses and associating thoughts with surroundings. The document also outlines association areas in the brain like the prefrontal cortex which is important for planning and working memory. Finally, it notes that language processing is typically lateralized to the left hemisphere for most people.

1. KURSK STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF NORMAL
PHYSIOLOGY
Madam Repalova Natalya Vladmirovna
PhD, assistant
Kursk State Medical University,
STUDENT: Adegbamigbe Oluwasefunmi
Ayodeji
Group No. 1

2. PLAN
 Components of Limbic system
 Structure of the limbic system
 General functions of the Limbic system
 Specific functions of parts of limbic system
 Association areas; Prefrontal, Limbic, Broca,
Wernicke
 Concept of dominant hemisphere.

3. Limbic system
Limbic lobe Structures connected to limbic lobe
Telencephalon
Olfactory
cortex
Basal nuclei
Amygdala
Septal nuclei
Substantia
innoominata
Nucleus
accumbens
Diencephalon
Thalamus
Anterior nuclei
Dorsomedial
nucleus
Hypothalamus
Mamillary body
Epithalamus
Habenula
Pineal gland
Mesencephalon
Reticular
formation
Periaqueductal
grey matter

4. LIMBIC LOBE
 Limbic lobe refers to structures that form
a limbus (ring) around the brain stem.
Limbic lobe
Limbic gyrus
Parahippocampal
gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
Subcallosal gyrus
Paraterminal gyrus
Intra-limbic gyrus
Hippocampus
Indusium griseum
(supracallosal gyrus)

7. OVERVIEW OF LIMBIC STRUCTURES

8. OVERVIEW OF LIMBIC STRUCTURES

9. OVERVIEW OF LIMBIC STRUCTURES

10. THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

12. HYPOTHALAMUS

14. FUNCTION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS
SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONES

16. REGULATION OF BODY WATER

17. CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATION
 Stimulation of different areas throughout the
hypothalamus can cause many neurogenic
effects on the cardiovascular system,
including increased heart rate, and
decreased heart rate.

19. FUNCTION OF HIPPOCAMPUS
 Required for the formation of long term
memory
 maintenance of cognitive maps for
navigation.

20. FUNCTION OF AMYGDALA
 Behavioral awareness
 Relation between thought and surroundings
 Appropriate behavioral response for each
occasion

22. REWARD AND PUNISHMENT

23. ●If no reward and
punishment, repetition of
stimuli will cause
habituation and therefore
will cause the animal to
ignore it.
●If got reward and
punishment effect,
stimuli will be reinforced
and animal will build up
strong memory trace.
●So this 2 effect are
important in learning and
memory and selection of
information do take
place.
Technique for localization reward and
punishment centers in the brain of a
monkey

24. ASSOCIATION AREAS:
PARIETO-OCCIPITOTEMPORAL ASSOCIATION
AREA
 1-analysis of spatial
coordination of the
body
 2- area for
language
comprehension
 3- area for initial
processing of the
visual language
(reading)
 4- area for the
naming of objects

25. PREFRONTAL ASSOCIATION AREA
 1- association with
the motor cortex to
plan complex
patterns and
sequence of the
motor movements.
 2- working memory:
transform words in
information.
 3- carrying out
thought processes in
the mind.

26. LIMBIC ASSOCIATION AREA
 The Limbic
Association Area is
primarily concerned
with behavior,
emotion, motivation.
 Is associated with the
limbic system that
provides most of the
emotional drives for
setting the other
areas of the brain into
action and even
provides the
motivational drive for
the process of
learning itself.

27. BROCA’S AREA
 A special region in the frontal cortex, providing
the neuronal circuit for word formation.
 Plans the motor patterns for the espressing
individual words or even short phrases are
initiated and executed.

28. WERNICKE’S AREA
 Direct connect with cortex, visual area, auditory area,
language comprehesion, inteligence.
 General interpretative area. Knowing area.
 It plays the greatest single role of any part of the cerebral
cortex in the high comprehensive levels of the brain
fucntion. (inteligence, interpreting the complicated
meanings of differents patterns of sensory experiences).

29. CONCEPT OF THE DOMINANT HEMISPHERE
 The general interpretation function of the
Wernicke’s area and the angular gyrus as well
as the functions of the speech and the motor
controlareas are usually much more
developed in the one cerebral hemisphere
than in the other.
 95% of the population have the left dominant
hemisphere.
Ex.: Lefty and
Dexterous

31. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION