The document discusses the anatomy of emotions and the brain circuits involved. The hypothalamus controls hormones and the pituitary gland, regulates feedback, and responds to stimuli. The limbic system, including the cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb, thalamus, hypothalamus, fornix, mammilary body, hippocampus, and amygdala, forms a circuit important for emotions. The amygdala receives sensory input and influences emotional responses and behavior by signaling the hypothalamus, while the hippocampus plays roles in spatial awareness, emotion, and memory. The prefrontal cortex communicates bidirectionally with the amygdala and can activate the autonomic nervous system via the hypothalamus

1. Anatomy of Emotions

3. Hypothalamic Circuit
 Hormones regulate various
motivated behavior
 Hypothalamus controls the
pituitary
Produces posterior pituitary
hormones
Secretes releasing
hormones which
stimulate the anterior
pituitary
 Regulated by feedback
and response to other
stimuli

4. Pituitary Hormones

5. Feedback Regulation

6. Milk Letdown Response

7. Limbic System
Cingulate Gyrus
Olfactory Bulb
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Fornix
Mammilary Body
Hippocampus
Amygdala

8. Limbic Circuit
 James Papez – rabies
damaged the hippocampus
 emotional disturbances
 Input from the prefrontal
cortex, sensory cortex, and
hypothalamus passes through
the limbic circuit

9. Amygdala & Hippocampus
 Amygdala receives input from sensory systems
 Sends info to the hypothalamus
Influences emotional response and behavior
Stimulates eating
 Hippocampus plays a role in spatial awareness,
emotion, and memory

10. Frontal Lobe
 Prefrontal cortex and
amygdala receive input from
each other
 Prefrontal cortex sends
signals to the hypothalamus
 activates autonomic NS
 Agenesis – absence or
severe reduction of the
frontal lobe