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5 limbic system
The limbic system is a set of brain structures located deep in the brain that are involved in emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. It includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and surrounding cortical areas. The hippocampus plays a key role in memory formation and storage. The amygdala is involved in emotional responses and regulating autonomic functions. Damage to limbic structures like the hippocampus and amygdala can result in conditions like Kluver-Bucy syndrome, anxiety, schizophrenia, and memory disorders.
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5 limbic system
- 1. THE LIMBIC SYSTEM DR.SWATI PATIL
- 2. LIMBIC SYSTEM • Introduction • Anatomical structures • Connecting pathways • Functions • Applied
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Broca –greatlimbic lobe • Papez –circuit of Papez • Paul D. Maclean – reintroduced term limbic • Kluver Bucy –temporal lobectomy –Extreme behavioral syndrome – Kluver Bucy syndrome Paul D. MacLean
- 4. FUNCTIONS OF LIMBICSYSTEM • Integration of olfactory, visceral, somatic impulses • Control of activities necessary for survival of animal • Control of activities necessary survival of species • Emotional behaviour • Retention of recent memory
- 5. Cortical & SubcorticalLimbic Areas
- 6. COMPONENTS OF LIMBICSYSTEM • Limbic lobe • Hippocampal formation • Amygdaloid body • Connecting pathways
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- 8. OVERVIEW OF LIMBICSTRUCTURE
- 9. HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION • Hippocampus proper • Dentate gyrus • Subicular complex • Entorhinal area
- 10. HIPPOCAMPUS • Cornu ammonis • Location :- • Pes hippocampi • Alveus • Fimbria
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- 13. HIPPOCAMPUS • Trilaminar archicortex:- -3 distinct fields :-CA1,CA2,CA3 • CA3:- largest Pyramidal cells - receive mossy fibres • CA2 :-pyramidal cells -input from supramammillary region • CA1 :-most complex
- 14. • Strata withinlayers of hippocampus :- - Stratum oriens - Stratum pyramidalis - Stratum radiatum - Stratum lacunosum • Schaffer’s collaterals • Perforant pathway
- 15. DENTATE GYRUS • Crenatedstrip of cortex • Beaded/ toothed surface • Fimbriodentate sulcus • Gyrus fasciolaris & indusium griseum
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- 18. • Cotrex ofdentate gyrus -granule cell layer(principal cells) -molecular cell layer -polymorphic layer • Mossy fibres • Fascia dentata
- 19. SUBICULAR COMPLEX • Subicularcomplex :- • Trilaminar archicortex -molecular layer -pyramidal layer:-major subcortical projections -polymorphic layer
- 20. ENTORHINAL CORTEX (Brodmann’s area no 28) • Location :- • Receive projections from olfactory bulb • Layer 1-6:-
- 21. FORNIX & FIMBRIA •Fimbria Of hippocampus • Crus of fornix : ->1 million fibres -afferent and efferents • Columns of fornix
- 22. HIPPOCAPMAL COMPLEX: CIRCUITARY •Excitatory pathways -perforant pathway -mossy fibres -schaffer’s collaterals • Inhibitory pathways -GABA neurons in denatate gyrus
- 24. AFFERENT CONNECTIONS 1. Cerebral neocortex 2. Septal area 3. c/l hippocampus 4. Nuclei in reticular formation of brain stem
- 25. • Entorhinal area:-follow 2 routes to hippocampus -Perforant path -Alveolar path • Fornix and fimbria :- fibres come from C/L hippocampus -thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei -ventral tegmental nuclei -locus ceruleus -raphe nuclei
- 26. EFFERENT CONNECTIONS • Efferents – same cortex - diencephalon - brain stem • Fornix :-largest efferents -originate in subiculum, hippocampus -Alveus – fimbria – crus of fornix – body of fornix • Parahippocampal gyrus – dorsal hippocampal commissure – hippocampal formation
- 27. EFFERENTS • Columns offonix- septal area, ant part of hypothalamus, substantia innominata • Lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus – thalamus – mamillary body – ant nucleus of thalamus • Mamillotegmental fasciculus
- 28. PAPEZ CIRCUIT • Thecircuit of Papez • Ring of interconnected neurons • Input to circuit • Output to circuit • Mamillotegmental fasciculus
- 31. FUNCTIONS OF HIPPOCAMPUS • Retention of short term memory – long term declarative memory
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- 33. AMYGDALA • Almond • Involvedin Central regulation of ANS connection to hypothalamus • Controls survival fight- or-flight response of ANS • Emotional & visceral responses
- 34. AMYGDALA • Several groupof nucleus • B/w inferior horn of lateral ventricle & lentiform nucleus • Two divisions :- -dorsomedial -ventrolateral – Basolateral - central
- 36. AFFERENTS OF AMYGDALA •Reciprocal connections • Subcortical afferents • Dopaminergic afferents – ventral tegmental area • Cholinergic afferents – basal forebrain nuclei • Olfactory corticomedial & non olfactory basolateral nuclei – central nuclei
- 37. EFFERENTS OF AMYGDALA •Stria terminalis – septal area, preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus • Medial forebrain bundle – brain stem • Ventral amygdalofugal pathway – diagonal band of broca – septal area – nucleus accumbens – dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus – prefrontal cortex
- 38. • Septal area– stria medullaris thalami – habenular nuclei – reticular formation – autonomic nuclei
- 39. Amygdala Connections Cerebral cortex Stria Olfactory system terminalis Hypothalamus Thalamus Brainstem reticular formation AMYGDALA Ventral Amygdalofugal fibers
- 40. FUNCTIONS OF AMYGDALA •Central and basolateral nuclei of amygdala – behavioral and emotional functions • Emotional responses • Electric stimulation – feeling of fear, general irritability, anger • Behavioral and cognitive disturbances
- 41. APPLIED • Kluver Bucy syndrome -complete removal of both temporal lobes -amygdaloid body, hippocampal formation -docility, lack of emotional responses, increased sexual activity (perverted), visual agnosia -Amygdaloid body lesion -Lesion of hippocampi
- 42. • Anxiety states -Inappropriateactivity of amygdala -Panic attacks of excessive activity of sympathetic nervous system, subjective feeling of worry -Treatment – anxiolytic drugs
- 43. • Schizophrenia -anatomical measurementsreduced in size -antipsychotics antagonise action of dopamine -parkinsonism -tardive dyskinesia
- 44. • Memory disorders -consolidationof new short term memory -arterial occlusion – infarction – loss of hippocampal function -transient global amnesia -head injury –damage to hippocampus – hemorrhage – anterograde amnesia
- 45. - B/l hippocampallesion – major circuit of hippocampus - B/l transaction of fornix – severe amnesia • Alzheimer’s disease – - loss of cholinergic neurons of substantia innominata which project to hippocampus -ass. with degenerative changes in entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, extensive neocortical atrophy -amnesia for recently occurred events as mechanism for retention of new memory not operating