This document discusses lighting design for commercial and residential spaces. It covers various topics such as: 1. The different types of light sources including incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, and LED lamps. 2. Factors that influence light quality like color temperature, color rendering index, and lighting fixtures. 3. Classifications of lighting fixtures and the different types of lighting like general, accent, task, and decorative lighting. 4. Detailed information about incandescent lamps, their construction, advantages, disadvantages and types.

1. LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL SPECES
Student:-
Mohd. Nadeem
MSc Interior Designer
Commercial Space Designer
DezyneE’coleCollege
www.dezyneecol.com

2. WHAT IS LIGHT
LightisaformofenergymanifestingitselfaselectromagneticradiationandiscloselyrelatedtootherformofelectromagneticradiationsuchasGammarays,X-rays,UVrays,IRrays,MicrowaveraysandRadiorays.

3. COLOUR TEMPERETURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR
•Colour temperature is a characteristic visible light. In practice, Colour temperature is only meaningful of light sources that do in fact correspond some what closely to the radiation of some black body.
•The Colour temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal black body is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.
•Colour temperature over 5000K are called cool Colour (bluefish white), while lower Colour temperature (2700-3000K) are called warm Colour (yellowish white through red).

4. COLOUR TEMPERETURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR
Colour temperature:
•Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of whiteness.
•Higher the Colour temperature = whiter/cooler the light source.
•Unit measurement = Kelvin (K).

7. •Sometime called Colour rendering index, is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the Colour of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.
•Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the Colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their Colour appearance under a reference illuminant.
•Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/ or daylight) which will actually be used in the interiors.
•Colour rendering depends on the lamp Colour spectrum, reflective property of surface and context and condition in room.
•Judgment of apparent surface Colour depends also on the expectations of an individual with normal Colour vision.
COLOUR RENDERING INDEX(CRI)

8. COLOUR TEMPERETURE

9. LIGHTING FIXTURES
•Lighting fixtures is integral of building electrical system, transforming energy into usable illumination.
•Light fixture requires: electrical connection (power supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to defuse, reflect focus light).
•Form of lighting fixtures, lighting sources, light illumination: Point source, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric sources.

10. LIGHTING LUMINAIRE
•An assembly used to house one or more lighting sources. Also called lighting fixture.
1.Luminaries
2.Lighting lamp
3.Lighting socket
4.Light switch

11. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES
•Recessed
•Ceiling Mounted
•Track Mounted
•Wall mounted
•Suspended
•Architectural
•Portable
•Pole Mounted
•Bollard
•Outdoor
•Up lighters
•Down lighters
•Wall washers
•Ceiling washers
•Floor washers

12. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES

13. CATEGORIES OF LUMINAIRES
•Direct: 90 -100% downward
•Semi direct: 60 -90% downward
•General diffuse: 40 -60% both downward and upward
•Direct -indirect: little light is emitted in the horizontal plane
•Semi -direct: providing 90 –100% of its luminous output upward.

14. POINT LIGHT SOURCE

15. LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE

16. PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE

17. VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE

18. TYPES OF LIGHTING
•General Lighting

19. TYPES OF LIGHTING
Accent Lighting

20. TYPES OF LIGHTING
Decorative Lighting

21. TYPES OF LIGHTING
Task Lighting

22. TYPES OF LIGHTING
Kinetic Lighting

23. Wall washers
TYPES OF LIGHTING

24. Ceiling washers
TYPES OF LIGHTING

25. Floor washers
TYPES OF LIGHTING

26. Spot light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

27. Uplighters
TYPES OF LIGHTING

28. Downlighter
TYPES OF LIGHTING

29. ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES
•Incandescent Lamps
•Fluorescent Lamps
•High –Intensity Discharge Lamps
•Mercury Lamp
•Metal Halide Lamps
•High pressure Sodium Lamps
•Low pressure Sodium Lamps
•Electrode less Lamps
•Compact arc xenon & Mercury lamps
•Electroluminescent Lamps
•Light emitting Diodes (LED)
•Carbon arc Lamps
•Gaslights

30. INCANDESCENT LAMP
What ?
Hotwire –Filament sealed in a glass jar (BULB)
How ?
Electric current pass through the wire heats it to incandescence, and the wire emits light. Use standard voltage circuit.

31. Inside the glass is a gas such as argon and or nitrogen. At the center of the lamp is a tungsten filament. Electricity heats this filament up to about 2500 degrees Celsius. Just like any hot metal, the tungsten gets “white hot” at that heat and emits a great deal of visible light in a process called.
INCANDESCENT LAMP

32. 1. Glass Bulb
2. Vacuum or gas filled
3. Wire / Filament
4. 5. Lead -in wires
6. Support wire
7. Neck
8. 11. Electric Fuse
9. Base
INCANDESCENT LAMP

33. ADVANTAGES:
1.Less expensive
2.Easier to dim with rheostats
3.Warmer color than fluorescent and tungsten halogen lamps.
4.Light output is relatively high
5.Excellent color rendering.
6.Can be dimmed
DISADVANTAGES:
1.Energy inefficient
2.Short lamp life time
3.Warm source
INCANDESCENT LAMP

34. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Shape of lamp:
Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and sizes.
SYMBOLS:
1stpart = One or more letters indicates the shape of bulb
2ndPart = number indicated diameter of the bulb in eights of an inch.
EXAMPLE: A19 = arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter

35. EXAMPLES:
•General lighting service (GLS)
•Parabolic Aluminum reflector (PAR)
•Metal reflector (MR)
INCANDESCENT LAMP

36. BASE IDENTIFICATION:
1.SMALL BASE; BAYONET, BIPIN, CANDELABRA, INTERMEDIATE, MINIATURE,MINI-CANDELABRA, TWIST-AND-LOCK, PIN
2.MEDIUM BASE
3.LARGE BASE; MOGUL SCREW, MOGUL BIPOST
INCANDESCENT LAMP

37. Shape of lamp:
Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and sizes.
SYMBOLS:
1stpart = One or more letters indicates the shape of bulb
2ndPart = number indicated diameter of the bulb in eights of an inch.
EXAMPLE: A19 = arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter
INCANDESCENT LAMP

38. INCANDESCENT LAMP

39. INCANDESCENT LAMP

40. INCANDESCENT LAMP
LAMP LIFE TIME:
1.STANDARD-LIFE LAMP: high temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light, shorter life time –“burns out”.
2.LONG-LIFE LAMP: given wattage produces less light, designed for long life.
LAMP EFFICIENCY = LIGHT PRODUCED (LUMENS, lm)/ELECTRICITY CONSUMED (WATTS W)
3.LIGHT OUTPUT: Insert gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb blackening caused by condensation on the bulb wall

41. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Bulbs are sold by WATTS –Measure of power consumed
LUMENS tells much light lamp emits
HOURS OF OPERATION is produced life-time(750-1000H, up to 2500H for extended service lamps)
ENERGY SAVING LAMPS –Reduced wattage, reduced light output

42. INCANDESCENT LAMP
LAMP TYPES:
1.NON DIRECTIONAL (emits light in all directions –A, C, G, P, PS, S and T shapes, requires additional external elements for brightness, glare and distribution control)
2.SEMI DIRECTIONAL (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, coating on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)
3.DIRECTIONAL (complete optical systems: source, reflector, lens or filament shield, R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control)

43. INCANDESCENT LAMP

44. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Semi Directional

45. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Left: Reflector lamp with soft glass bulb and ellipsoid reflector with moderate focusing power.
Right: PAR reflector lamp with pressed glass bulb and powerful parabolic reflector.
Directional

46. INCANDESCENT LAMP

47. What ?
Selected gas of the halogen family
How ?
Halogen gas combines with tungsten molecules that sputter of the filament deposits tungsten back on the filament and emits constant level of light
TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN

48. A halogen bulb has a filament of tungsten, which glows when electricity is applied, same as a regular incandescent bulb.
The halogen gas removes the carbon deposits on the side inside of the bulb, caused by the burning of the tungsten filament, and redeposits it back on to the filament, resulting in a bulb which can be burned at a higher
TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN

49. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN
High operating temperature (500C), high Colour temperature
Quartz instead of glass
Equipped with outer bulb, glass cover, mesh screen

50. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN
Advantages
1.High Colour temperature make them “whiter” than standard incandescent lamps
2.Longer life time
3.Great efficiency
4.Compact in shape and size
They come in many shapes and sizes, some directional others note, some quite small other the size of regular bulb, some fit into normal sockets other require special sockets and voltage to work.

51. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN
There are many different type of (single ended) TH lamp, the most common ones are the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp and linear halogen lamps which are all domestic mains voltage, and g4 capsule lamp, (integral reflector) MR16, MR11 spot lamps which are low voltage lamps.

53. LOW –VOLTAGE LAMPS
•Low-voltage lamps –incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps that operate between 6V and 75V.
•Standard building current of 115V-125V must be stepped down by the use of transformer.
•Low-voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size and bulkier.
•Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

54. LOW –VOLTAGE LAMPS

55. COLOUR LIGHT BULBS

56. COLOURED FILTERS

57. GELATIN FILTERS (“GELS”)
Thin transparent colored plastic sheet in vide variety of Colour, as well as multicolored and diffused sheets. Short servise life –Colour fades rapidly.

58. INTERFERENCE FILTERS
One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects rather then absorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one Colour, and reflect the complementary Colour.

59. What ?
Gas, phosphor, cathode, discharge
How ?
Light is produced by passage of an electric current through a vapor of gas, rather than through a tungsten wire as in incandescent lamp.
DISCHARGE LAMPS

60. FLOROSCENT LAMP

61. FLOURESCENT LAMP
The Classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up the tube.
The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb, containing neon or some other gas. The bulb has two electrodes positioned right next to each other. When electricity is initially passed through the bypass circuit, an electrical arc jumps between these electrode to make a connection. This arc lights the bulb in the same way a larger arc lights a fluorescent bulb.

62. FLOURESCENT LAMP

63. FLOURESCENT LAMP
Advantages:
Heatisrelativelylow
Energyefficient
Rangefromlowgradetohighgrade
Longlamplife
UsuallyCoolsource
Controlgears
Disadvantages:
Colourtemperature
Requireballast:preheat,instant-start, rapid-start
Requirescontrollingelementsforglarecontrol

64. FLOURESCENT LAMP
Types:
1.ColdCathode
2.HotCathode
Shape:
1.U-BentShape
2.CirculineShape
3.CompactFluo-Lamp

65. SHAPES

66. BALLAST/DRIVER
Integrated
Ballast (CFL)
Magnetic
Ballast
(Traditional)
Electronic
Ballast

67. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
Typeofelectricalgas-dischargelampwhichproduceslightbymeansofanelectricarcbetweentungstenelectrodeshousedinsideatranslucentortransparentfusedquartzorfusedaluminaarctube.
Thistubeisfilledwithbothgasandmetalsalts.Thegasfacilitatesthearc’sinitialstrike.Oncethearcisstarted,itheatsandevaporatesthemetalsaltsformingaplasma,whichgreatlyincreasestheintensityoflightproducedbythearcandreducesitspowerconsumption.High-intensitydischargelampsareatypeofarclamp.

68. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

69. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

70. Whenenergyefficiencyand/orlightintensityaredesired.
Theseareasincludegymnasiums, largepublicareas,warehouses,movietheatres,footballstadiums,outdooractivityareas,roadways,parkinglots, andpathways.
Ultra-HighPerformance(UHP)HIDlampsareusedinLCDorDLPprojectionTVsetsorprojectiondisplaysaswell.
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

71. LED LIGHT
Redand Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide
Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride
WhiteLEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet
There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

72. LED LIGHT

73. BENEFITS OF LED

74. LEDlightsareusuallyaround3mm-8mmlong. ThesmallsizeandprofileoftheLEDlightsallowthemtobeusedwhereotherlightbulbsmaynotfit.
1.SizeofLED
BENEFITS OF LED

75. Whereotherlightsgiveoffmoreenergybyshinningindifferentareas,LEDlightsonlyshineinaspecificdirectionbecomingmoreefficient.
2.Efficiency
BENEFITS OF LED

76. 35,000to50,000hours,comparedto750to2,000hoursforanincandescentbulb,8,000to10,000hoursforacompactfluorescentand20,000to30,000hoursforalinearflorescentbulb.
3. Life
BENEFITS OF LED

77. LEDsremaincool.Inaddition,sincetheycontainnoglasscomponents,theyarenotvulnerabletovibrationorbreakagelikeconventionalbulbs. LEDsarethusbettersuitedforuseinareaslikesportsfacilitiesandhigh-crimelocations.
4. Temperature
BENEFITS OF LED

78. LED LIGHTING

79. LED REFLECTORS

80. LAMPS
Halogen MR16 GU 5-3
Incandescent Stan. E27
Halogen OR111 G53
Halogen PAR
E27

81. PLC compact fluorescent lamp
CFL compact fluorescent lamp E27
Fluorescent CFL spiral E27
Fluorescent megamun liliput E27
LAMPS

82. Fluorescent TL
T5
Fluorescent TL
T8
LED MR16
GU5-3
LED Tubular Lamp
LAMPS

83. LED
LED Strip
LED Strip
LED Flexi
Light
LED Strips
(Plat)
LAMPS

84. LED Linesta
LED Tape
LAMPS

85. Fiber Optics
LAMPS

86. Cold Cathode
LAMPS

87. THANK YOU