This document discusses different types of lighting, including natural light and artificial light. It describes various lighting fixtures that can be used for architectural and non-architectural lighting, such as valance lighting, cove lighting, recessed lighting, and track lighting. Recommended illumination values are provided for different types of spaces. Design principles for effective lighting include balance, unity, variety, emphasis, rhythm, scale and proportion, and harmony. Measurements of light such as lux, lumen, and footcandle are also defined.

1. Types of Lighting and Lighting Fixtures
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2. Types of Lighting- Based on Sources
Natural Light Artificial Light

3. Measurement of lights
Lux Lumen

4. Measurement of lights
Footcandle Illumination

5. Types of lighting –Based on
Illumination

6. Direct vs Indirect Light

7. Semi Direct vs Semi Indirect Light

8. Diffused
Lighting

9. Revision

10. Comparison of Illumination

11. Methods of
Lighting
1. Day Light
2. Architectural Lighting
3. Non-Architectural
lighting

12. 1. Day Light
Advantages
• It is Natural and free of cost
• It is soothing and does not cause
fatigue to the eyes.
• Daylight intensity changes
during the day and it provides
another dimension to room
which is refreshing
Disadvantages
• The changing intensity of light can change
the atmosphere of the room
• direct sunlight can fade some color of the
fabric
• daylight do not evenly illuminate a room
• supplementary lighting is required as the
intensity of daylight is not the same
throughout the day
• large window designed for daylight can
make a room extremely hot or cold
during summer and winter respectively

13. Architectural
& Non-
Architectural
Lighting

14. Types of fixtures used
• 1. Filament bulbs –they are easy to install add an amount of light that can be changed by simply
changing the bulb. But these bulbs are not of uniform quality and require additional crew fitting
• 2. Florescent tubes –they are also referred to as strip light. These are of two types :
• Cold cathode tube –They light up immediately without flickering.
• Hot cathode tube –Require flickering before starting

15. Architectural lightings
1. Valance Lighting
2. Cornice Lighting
3. Cove Lighting
4. Bracket Lighting
5. Soffit Lighting
6. Recessed Lighting
7. Sky Lighting
8. Translucent lighting
9. Track lighting

16. Valance
Lighting

17. Cornice Light- It is
built at the junction
between the ceiling
and the wall.

18. Cove lighting-Usually near the ceiling with the
light directed upwards.

19. Bracket Lighting- Are located at a lower height than valances and are not necessarily related to window treatments.

20. Soffit lighting- mostly used in
bathrooms, kitchens, bookshelves,
and mirrors

21. Recessed Lighting-this includes built-in panel fixtures that provide concentrated light

22. Sky Lighting-opening in the roof of a house constructed to allow natural light into space.

23. Translucent Lighting-The light source
is concealed under the panel which
may be on the floor or the ceiling or a
free-standing decorative unit. These
are used in discotheques, kitchens,
bathrooms, or other work areas

24. Track Lighting-These are lighting fixtures fitted on the track. This may be
used to throw light to highlight the wall or the contents of the wall.

25. Factors to Consider when Planning a Lighting
System
• 1. The amount of light required for an area will depend on various factors like:
• Location and direction of the light sources.
• Reflected qualities of color.
• Textures used in the room.
• The number of lamps and fixtures.
• The wattage of bulbs and tubes.
• 2. If artificially lighting a room check on heat gains.
• 3. Design and durability.
• 4. Ease of replacement especially if lampshades are used.
• 5. Cleaning-they should be easily cleaned.
• 6. Cost.

26. Recommended
Value of
Illumination
General Labs- 400 Lux
Reading Tables- 600 Lux
Bars- 50-70 Lux
Kitchens- 200 Lux
Restaurant Tables- 100 Lux
Bedroom- 100 Lux
Hospital Wards- 50 Lux
Stairs and Corridors- 100 Lux

27. Principles of
Lighting
Designs
• The use of lighting is visually pleasing when it follows the following principles:
• 1. Balance: This is achieved by placing light sources throughout the room avoiding a
concentration of light on any side or area of the space. Balance can be symmetrical or
asymmetrical.
• 2. Unity: This can be achieved by duplicating the fixtures as well as repeating the materials,
finishes, colours, textures, and maybe lampshades.
• 3. Variety: This can be created by using similar but not identical fixtures. Variety can also be
created by having general and local lighting also by changing the level of illumination
• with dimmers.
• 4. Emphasis: It is given by highlighting. Lack of emphasis in an interior causes boredom,
confusion, and uncertainty as to the design content and intention.
• 5. Rhythm: The sequence of lighting will create a luminous rhythm giving the space a
dynamic quality.
• 6. Scale and Proportion: The fixtures must be in proportion and scale to the room,
themselves, and to the relative objects in the room.
• 7. Harmony: If the contrast between general and accent lighting is too strong there will not
be enough luminous transaction and the lighting composition will lack harmony