The document discusses various types of lighting sources and their properties. It describes incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, high intensity discharge lamps, and LED lights. It covers key characteristics like color temperature, light output, efficiency, lifespan, and benefits of each. Common lighting fixtures and their uses are also outlined.

1. LIGHTING DESIGNCommercial & ResidentialDesign

2. Submitted By: Yasmeen. S ,B-ScI.DCommercial Space Designer

3. •Colortemperatureisacharacteristicofvisiblelight.Inpractice,colortemperatureisonlymeaningfulforlightsourcesthatdoinfactcorrespondsomewhatcloselytotheradiationofsomeblackbody.
•ThecolortemperatureoftheelectromagneticradiationemittedfromanidealblackbodyisdefinedasitssurfacetemperatureinKELVINS.
•Colortemperaturesover5,000Karecalledcoolcolors(bluishwhite),whilelowercolortemperatures(2,700-3,000K)arecalledwarmcolors(yellowishwhitethroughred).
COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR/INDOORCOLOR TEMPERATURE

4. Color temperature: -DefinedasthetoneoflightorhowthelightlooksintermsofWhiteness-Higherthecolortemperature=whiter/coolerthelightsource-Unitmeasurement=Kelvin(K) COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR

7. Thecolorrenderingindex(CRI),sometimescalledcolorretentionindexIsaquantitativemeasureoftheabilityofalightsourcetoreproducetheColorsofvariousobjectsfaithfullyincomparisonwithanidealornaturallightsource. Colorrendering:effectofanilluminantonthecolorappearanceofobjectsbyconsciousorsubconsciouscomparisonwiththeircolorappearanceunderareferenceilluminant. Finishesshouldbeevaluatedunderthetypeoflamp(lampand/ordaylight0whichwillactuallybeusedintheinteriors. COLORrenditiondependsonlampcolorspectrum,reflectivepropertyofsurfacesAndcontextandconditioninroom. Judgmentofapparentsurfacecolordependsalsoontheexperienceandexpectationsofanindividualwithnormalcolorvision. COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR

8. Lumen ? A measure of the total "amount" of visible light emitted by a source. Candela ? It is equivalent to the Illumination of one standard candle. Foot Candela ? TheamountofIlluminationonthesurfacefromalightsourceofonecandelai.e.afootawayfromsurface. LuxOneLuxistheamountofilluminationcreatedbyalightsourceofonecandelai.e.onemeterawayfromthesurface.
OneFootCandela=OneLumenperSqFoot
OneLux=OneLumenperSqFoot

9. Activity
Foot Candles
Lux
Hallways
5-7
55-75
Entertaining
10-20
110-215
Dining
10-20
110-215
Easy Reading
20-50
215-540
Bathroom
20-50
215-540
Kitchen BasicLighting
20-50
215-540
Food Preparation
50-100
540-1075
Difficult Reading or Writing
50-100
540-1075
General Workshop
50-100
540-1075
Fine or Detailed Work
100-200
1075-2150

10. Today's World Prefer use CFL and LED’sWhy ? Due to Energy Efficiency& Energy Costs
LED 329 KWh/yr
CFL 767 KWh/yr
Incandescent Light Bulb 3285 KWh/yrLife Span
LED 50,000 hours
CFL 8,000 hours
Incandescent Light Bulb 1,200 hoursEnvironmentalImpactCarbon Dioxide Emissions(30 bulbs per year)
LED 451 pounds/year
CFL 1051 pounds/year
Incandescent Light Bulb 4500 pounds/year

11. EfficacyThe amount of light useable from an emanating fixture

12. Color TemperatureAmethodofdescribingthecolourcharacteristicsoflight,usuallyeitherwarm(yellowish)orcool(bluish),andmeasuringitindegreesofKelvin(°K).

13. CRI(Color Retention Index)
When there is less CRI then the object on which it is focused looks dull
When there is More CRI then the object on which it is focused looks Bright

14. Light fixture is integral part of building electrical system , transforming energyInto usable illumination. Light fixture requires: electrical connection (power supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to diffuse, reflect, focus light). Form of lighting fixture, lighting source, light illumination: point sources, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric sources. LIGHTING FIXTURES

15. LIGHTING LUMINAIREAn assembly used to house one or more light sources. Also called lighting fixture. LIGHTING LUMINAIREOUTDOOR/INDOOR

16. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES
•Recessed
•Ceiling Mounted
•Track Mounted
•Wall Mounted
•Suspended
•Architectural
•Portable
•Pole Mounted
•Bollard
•Outdoor
•Wall washer
•Ceiling washer
•Floor washer
•Up-lighters
•Down-Lighters
•Spot-lights

17. Wash LightsWashlightsaredesignedtoprovideuniformlightingoverextensivesurfacesmainlywallceilingsandfloors,therefore.Theyareincludedinthegroupdownlightsandlouveredluminariesalthoughwashlightdonothavethereluminaryforms

18. Wash Lights

19. Wash Lights

20. Wash Lights

21. Wash Lights

22. Wash Lights

23. Ceiling Wash Lights

24. Ceiling Wash Lights

25. Ceiling Wash Lights

26. FLOOR WASH LIGHTS

27. FLOOR WASH LIGHTS

28. Integral Luminaries

29. Integral Luminaries

30. Integral Luminaries

31. Spot Lights

32. Spot Lights

33. Wall washers

34. Wall washers

35. LIGHT STRUCTURE

36. LightOmniLightSpotLightAscentLight

37. Omni Lighting

38. Spot Lighting

39. Ascent Lighting

40. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIESSuspended luminaireBollard luminaireWall mountedRecessed luminaireTrack mounted luminaireFloor mountedDecorative luminairePortable luminaire

41. Categories of luminaires
•Direct:90-100% downward
•Semi direct: 60-90% downward
•General diffuse:40-60% both downward and upward
•Direct-Indirect: Little light is emitted in the Horizontal plane
•Semi-Indirect: Providing 60-90% of its output upward
•Indirect: Providing 90-100% of its Luminous output upward.

42. POINT LIGHT SOURCEFocus on object or area great Brightness contrast Highlight, Sparkle or Rhythm

43. LINEAR LIGHT SOURCEGiven direction, outline shapes Emphasize the Edges

44. PLANAR LIGHT SOURCESurfaceRepeated LinearDiffused IlluminationOf Area

45. VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCELight as volumetric illuminationExpanded through 3-dimensionalForms of lamps

46. GENERAL LIGHTING

47. DECORATIVE LIGHTING

48. TASK LIGHTING

49. KINETIC LIGHTING

50. ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES
•Incandescent Lamps
•Fluorescent Lamps
•High-intensity Discharge Lamps
•Mercury Lamps
•Metal Halide Lamps
•High Pressure Sodium Lamps
•Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
•Electro-Luminescent lamps
•Light Emitting Diodes(LED0
•Carbon arc Lamps
•Gaslights

51. INCANDESCENT LAMPWhat? Hotwire-Filament sealedIn a Glass jar(Bulb) How? Electric Current pass throughThe wire heats it to Incandescent, And the wire emits Light. UseStandard voltage Circuit.

52. INCANDESCENT LAMP1.Glass bulb2.Vacuum or Gas filled3.Wire/ Filament4,5.Lead-in wires6.Support wires7.Neck8,11.Electric Fuse9.BaseAdvantages: 1.Less Expensive2.Easier to dim withRheostats3.Warmer color thanFluorescent and tungsten-Halogen lamps4.Light output is RelativelyHigh5.Excellent color rendering6.Can be dimmedDisadvantages: 1.Energy inefficient2.Short lamp life time3.Warm Source

53. INCANDESCENT LAMPShape of Lamps: Around 100 combinations of Glass and QuartzBulb Shapes and sizes. SYMBOLS: 1STPart=one or more Letters Indicates the Shape of the Bulb2NDpart= Number, indicates diameter of the Bulb in Eights of an InchExample:A19=Arbitrary Shaped,19/8 inch Diameter.

54. INCANDESCENT LAMPExamples: .General Lighting Service(GLS) Parabolic Aluminum Reflector(PAR) Metal Reflector(MR)

56. INCANDESCENT LAMPBase Identification: 1.Small Base : Bayonet, Biped , Candelabra, Intermediate , Miniature , Mini-Candelabra, Twist-and-lock ,Two-pin2.Medium Base3.Large Base: Mogul screw, Mogul Bipods

57. INCANDESCENT LAMP

58. INCANDESCENT LAMP

59. INCANDESCENT LAMPLAMP LIFE TIME: 1.Standard -life lamp: High temperature for the filament to operates, emits more light, Shorter life time-”burns out” 2.Long life lamp: given wattage produces less light, designed for longer lifeLIGHT PRODUCED (LUMENS, lm) LAMP EFFICIENCY=______________________________ ELECTRICITY CONSUMED(WATTS W) LIGHT OUTPUT: Insert gas ( argon, nitrogen, krypton) slows bulb blackening caused byCondensation on the bulb wall.

60. INCANDESCENT LAMPBulbs are sold by WATTS-Measure of power consumedLumens tells how much Light lamp emitsHours of Operations is produced life-time(750-1000h,upto 2500h for extendedService lamps) Energy Saving Lamps-Reduced wattage, reduced Light output

61. INCANDESCENT LAMPLamp Types: 1.NON DIRECTIONAL(emits light in all directions –A, C, G, P, PS, S and T Shapes, requires additional external elements for brightness, glare and distribution control) 2.SEMI DIRECTIONAL(silver brown or white bowl lamps, coating on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare) 3.DIRECTIONAL(complete optical system: source, reflector, lens or filament shield, R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control)

62. INCANDESCENT LAMP

63. INCANDESCENT LAMP

64. INCANDESCENT LAMP

65. INCANDESCENT LAMP

66. INCANDESCENT LAMPWhat? Selected gas of the halogen family. How? Halogen gas combines with Tungsten molecules that sputter of the filament deposits Tungsten back on the filament and emits constant level of light.

67. TUNGSTEN-HALOGENA halogen bulb has a filament made of Tungsten , which glows when electricity is Applied, same as a regular incandescentBulb. The halogen gas removes the carbon deposits On the inside of the bulb , caused by the burningof the tungsten filament, and redeposit it back onTo the filament, resulting in a light bulb.

68. TUNGSTEN-HALOGENHigh operating temperature500c,high color temperatureQuartz instead of glassEquipped with outer bulb, Glass cover , mesh screen.

69. TUNGSTEN –HALOGENAdvantages: 1.High color temperature make them “WHITER” than Standard incandescent lamps2.Longer life time3.Great efficiency4.Compact in shape and sizeThey come in many shapes and sizes, some directional others not, some quite Small others the size of regular bulbs, some fit into normal sockets and voltages towork

70. TUNGSTEN –HALOGENThere are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the most common ones Are G9 capsule lamp,GU10 spot lamp and linear Halogen lamps which are allDomestic mains voltage , and G4 capsule lamp,(integral reflector) MR16, MR11 Spot lamps which are low voltage lamps.

71. TUNGSTEN –HALOGEN

72. LOW VOLTAGE LAMPS.Low voltage lamps-incandescent and tungsten-halogen lamps that operateBetween 6V and 75V. .Standard building current of 115V-125V must be stepped down by the use of Transformer. .Low voltage luminaries with integrated transformers areLarge in size and bulkier. .Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

73. LOW VOLTAGE LAMPS

74. COLORED LIGHT BULBS

75. COLORED FILETERS

76. GELATIN FILTERS(“GELS”) Thin transparent colored plastic sheet in wide variety of colors ,as well as multicoloredAnd diffused sheets. Short service life-color fades rapidly.

77. INCANDESCENT FILTERS

78. DISCHARGE LAMPSWhat? Gas, Phosphor, Cathode , dischargeHow? Light is produced by passage of anElectric current through vapor or gas, Rather than through a tungsten wire as in INCANDESCENT LAMP

79. FLUORESCENT LAMP

80. FLUORESCENT LAMPTheclassicfluorescentlampdesign,whichhasfallenmostlybythewayside, Usedaspecialstarterswitchmechanismtolightupthetube. Theconventionalstarterswitchisasmalldischargebulb,containingneonorSomeothergas.ThebulbhastwoelectrodespositionedrightnexttoeachotherWhenElectricityisinitiallypassedthroughthebypasscircuit,anelectricarcjumpsBetweentheseelectrodestomakeaconnection. ThisarclightsthebulbinthesameWayalargerarclightsafluorescentbulb.

81. FLUORESCENT LAMP

82. FLUORESCENT LAMPAdvantages: Heat is relatively lowEnergy efficientRange from low grade to high gradeLong lamp lifeUsually cool sourceControl gearsDisadvantages: Color temperatureRequire ballast : preheat, instant-start, rapid-startRequires controlling elements for glarecontrol

83. FLUORESCENT LAMP

84. SHAPE

85. BALLEST/DRIVER

86. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HIDLAMPS) . Types of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of anElectric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or Transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. . This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc’s initialstrike. Once the Arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts forming aplasma which greatly increases the intensity of light produced by the arc andReduces its power consumption. High intensity discharge lamps are a type of Arc lamps.

87. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HIDLAMPS)

88. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HID LAMPS)

89. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS(HIDLAMPS)

90. LED LIGHT

91. LED LIGHT

92. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

93. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

94. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

95. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

96. BENEFITS OF LED LIGHTING

97. LED LIGHTINGLEDS are just tiny light bulbsThat fit easily into an electrical Circuit. But unlike ordinaryincandescent bulbs, they don’t have A filament that will burn out, and theyDon’t get easily hot. They are illuminatedSolely by the movement of electrons in A semiconductor material, and they lastJust as long as a standard transistor. The Lifespan of an LED surpasses the short life Of an incandescent bulb by thousandsOf hours.

98. LED REFLECTORS

99. LAMPS

100. LAMPSLEDS

101. LAMPSCold cathode

102. Thank You