This document provides information on lighting design and different types of light sources. It discusses key lighting concepts like color temperature, lumens, footcandles and lux. It describes different types of lighting fixtures and luminaires. Common artificial light sources are covered, including incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, high intensity discharge lamps, and LEDs. Details are given on incandescent lamp construction and types, as well as tungsten-halogen and low-voltage lamps.

1. Student:-
Sarvesh Singh Bhati
MSc Interior Design
Commercial space designer
Dezyne E’cole College
www.dezyneecole.com
LIGHTING DESIGN
LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL SPACES

2. WHAT IS LIGHT
LightisaformofenergymanifestingitselfaselectromagneticradiationandiscloselyrelatedtootherformofelectromagneticradiationsuchasGammarays,X-rays,UVrays,IRrays,MicrowaveraysandRadiorays.

3. CANDELA : It is equalent to the illumination of one standard candle.
FOOT CANDELA : It is the amount of illumination on a surface from a light source of on candela that is a foot away from the surface.
ONE FOOT CANDELA =1 Lumen /Square foot.
ONELUX:ItIstheamountofilluminationcreatedbyalightsourceofonecandelawhichisonemeterawayfromthesurface.
1LUX=1Lumen/Squaremeter.
UNITS OF LIGHT

4. COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR
Colortemperatureisacharacteristicsofvisiblelight.Inpractice,colortemperatureisonlymeaningfulforlightsourcesthatdoinfactcorrespondsomewhatcloselytotheradiationofsomeblackbody.
ThecolortemperatureoftheelectromagneticradiationemittedfromanidealblackbodyisdefineasitssurfacetemperatureinKELVINS.
Colortemperatureover5,000Karecalledcoolcolors(blueishwhite),whilelowercolortemperatures(2,700- 3000K)arecalledwarmcolors(yellowishwhitethroughred).

5. Definedasthetoneoflightorhowthelightlooksintermsofwhiteness
Higherthecolortemperature=whiter/coolerthelightsource
Unitmeasurement=Kelvin(K)
Color temperature:
COLOR TEMPERATURE OUTDOOR/INDOOR

8. LUMINOUS EFFICACY
Luminousefficacyisameasureofhowwellalightsourceproducesvisiblelight.Theluminousefficacyofradiationdescribeshowwellagivenquantityofelectromagneticradiationfromasourceproducesvisiblelight.

9. COLOR RENDERING INDEX (CRI)
The color rendering index (CRI), sometimes called color rendition index, is a quantitative measureof the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of various objects faithfully
in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.
Color rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a reference illuminant.
Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/or daylight) which will actually be used in interiors.
Color rendition depends on lamp color spectrum, reflective property of surfaces and context and condition in room.
Judgment of apparent surface color depends also on the experience of expectations of an individual with normal color vision.

10. Color Temperature in Kelvin (K) Degrees
How does Color Temperature affect the appearance of a room?
Warm light
Cool light
Daylight light

11. LIGHTING FIXTURES
Light fixtures is integral part of building electrical System, transforming energy into usable Illumination.
Light fixtures requires: electrical connection (power supply), lamp holder, lamp (design to diffuse, Reflect, focus light).
Form of lighting fixture, lighting sources, light Illumination:point sources, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric sources.

12. LIGHTING LUMINARIE
An assembly used to house one more light sources.
Also calledlighting fixture.
1.Light socket
2.Light lamp
3.Luminaries
4.Light switch

13. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES
Recessed
Ceiling Mounted
Track Mounted
Wall mounted
Suspended
Architectural
Portable
Pole Mounted
Bollard
Outdoor
Wall washer
Ceiling washer
Floor washer
Uplighters
Down lighters
Spotlights

14. CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINARIES

15. CATEGORIES OF LUMINARIES
Direct:90–100%download
Semidirect:60–90%downward
Generaldiffuse:40–60%bothdownwardandupward
Direct–indirect:littlelightisemittedinthehorizontalplane
Semi–indirect:providing60–90%ofitsoutputupward
Indirect:providing90–100%ofitsluminousoutputupward

16. FOCUS ON OBJECT OR AREA GREAT BRIGHTNESS
CONTRAST HIGHLIGHT, SPARKLE OR RHYTHM
POINT LIGHT SOURCE

17. LINEAR LIGHT SOURCE
GIVE DIRECTION, OUTLINE SHAPES EMPHASIZE THE EDGES

18. PLANAR LIGHT SOURCE
SURFACE REPETEAD LINEAR DIFFUSED ILLUMINATION OF AREA

19. LIGHT AS VOLUMETRIC ILLUMINATION EXPAND THROUGH TREE –DIMENSIONAL FORMS OF LAMPS
VOLUMETRIC LIGHT SOURCE
LIGHT SOURCE
LAMP HOLDER CONNECT TO SUPPLY
DESIGN OF LAMP

20. TYPES OF LIGHTING
General Lighting

21. TYPES OF LIGHTING
Task Lighting

22. Accent Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING

23. Decorative Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING

24. Kinetic Lighting
TYPES OF LIGHTING

25. Up Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

26. Down Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

27. Wall Wash Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

28. Floor Wash Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

29. Ceiling Wash Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

30. Spot Light
TYPES OF LIGHTING

31. Integral luminaries
TYPES OF LIGHTING

32. ARTIFICAL LIGHT SOURCE
Incandescent lamps
Fluorescent lamps
High –intensity Discharge Lamps
Mercury Lamps
Metal Halide Lamps
High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
Electrodeless Lamps
Compact arc xenon & Mercury Lamps
Electroluminescent Lamps
Light Emitted Diodes (LED)
Carbon arc lamps
Gaslights

33. INCANDESCENT LAMP
WHAT?
HOTWIRE –FILAMENT SEALED IN A GLASS JAR (BULB)
HOW?
ELECTRIC CURRENT PASS THROUGH THE WIRE HEATS IT TO INCADESCENCE, AND THE WIRE EMITS LIGHT . USE STANDARD VOLTAGE CIRCUIT

34. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Inside the glass is a gas such as argon and/or nitrogen. At the center of the lamp is a tungsten
Filament up to about 2,500 degrees Celsius. Just like any hot metal, the tungsten gets “white hot” at that heat and emits a great deal of visible light in a process

35. INCANDESCENT LAMP
1.GLASS BULB
2.VACUUM OR GAS FILLED
3.WIRE/FILAMENT
4. 5. LEAD –IN WIRES
6. SUPPORT WIRES
7.NECK
8. 11. ELECTRIC FUSE
9. BASE

36. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Advantages:
1.Less expensive
2.Easier to dim with rheostats
3.Warmer cooler than fluorescent and tungsten –halogen lamps
4.Light output is relatively high
5.Excellent color rendering
6.Can be dimmed
Disadvantages:
1.Energy inefficient
2.Short lamp life time
3.Warm source

37. SHAPEOFLAMPS:
Around100combinationsofglassandquartzbulbshapesandsizes.
SYMBOLS:
1stPart=Oneormorelettersindicatestheshareofbulb
2ndPart=Numberindicatesdiameterorthebulbineightsofaninch
Example:A19=Arbitraryshaped,19/8inchdiameter
INCANDESCENT LAMP

38. INCANDESCENT LAMP
EXAMPLES:
•General lighting service (GLS)
•Parabolic Aluminum Reflector (PAR)
•Metal Reflector (MR)

39. INCANDESCENT LAMP
BaseIdentification:
1.SmallBase:Bayonet,Bipin,Candelabra,Intermediate, Miniature,Mini-Candelabra,Twist-And-Lock,Two-Pin.
2.MediumBase
3.LargeBase:MogulScrew,MogulBipost.

40. INCANDESCENT LAMP

41. INCANDESCENT LAMP

42. INCANDESCENT LAMP
LampLifeTime:
1.Standard-LifeLamp:Hightemperatureforthefilamenttooperates,emitsmorelight,shorterlifetime–“burnsout”
2.Long-LifeLamp:givenwattageproduceslesslight,designedforlongerlife
LampEfficiency=LightProduced(Lumen,lm)/ElectricityConsumed(WattsW)
LightOutput:Insertgas(Argon,Nitrogen,Krypton)slowsbulbblackeningcausedbycondensationonthebulbwall

43. INCANDESCENT LAMP
BulbsaresoldbyWATTS–MeasureofPowerConsumed
LUMENStellshowmuchlightlampemits
HOURSOFOPERATIONisproducedlife-time(750- 1000H,upto2500Hforextendedservicelamps)
ENERGYSAVINGLAMPS–reducedwattage,reducedlightoutput

44. INCANDESCENT LAMP
LAMPSTYPES:
NONDIRECTIONAL:(emitslightinalldirections–A,C, G,P,PS,SandTshapes,requiresadditionalexternalelementsforbrightness,glareanddistributioncontrol)
SEMIDIRECTIONAL:(silverbowlorwhitebowllamps, coatingoninnersideofbulb,reducefilamentglare)
DIRECTIONAL:(completeopticalsystems:source, reflector,lensorfilamentshieldR,AR,MR,PARbuilt-inbeamcontrol.

45. INCANDESCENT LAMP
LAMPSTYPES:
Silver Bowl Lamp
White Bowl Lamp
PAR Lamp
AR Lamp

46. INCANDESCENT LAMP
Semi Directional

47. INCANDESCENT LAMP
LEFT:Rreflectorlampwithsoftglassbulbandellipsoidreflectorwithmoderatefocusingpower.
RIGHT:PARreflectorlampwithpressedglassbulbandpowerfulparabolicreflector

48. INCANDESCENT LAMP

49. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN
WHAT?
SelectedgasoftheHalogenFamily.
How?
Halogengascombineswithtungstenmoleculesthatsputterofthefilamentdepositstungstenbackonthefilamentandemitsconstantleveloflight.

50. AhalogenbulbhasafilamentmadeofTungsten,whichglowswhenelectricityisapplied,sameasaregularincandescentbulb.
Thehelogengasremovesthecarbondepositsontheinsideofthebulb,causedbytheburningofthetungstenfilament,andredeposititbackontothefilament,resultinginalightbulbwhichcanbebrunedatahighertemperature.
TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN

51. High operating temperature (500C), High colour temperature
Quartz instead of glass
Equiped with outer bulb, glass cover, mesh screen.
TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN

52. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN
ADVANTAGES:
Highcolourtemperaturemakethem“WHITER”thanstandardincandescentlamps.
Longerlifetime
Greatefficiency
Compactinshareandsize
TheycomeinmanySHAPESandSIZES,somedirectionalothersnot,somequitesmallothersthesizeorregularbulbs,somefitintonormalsocketsotherrequirespecialsocketsandvoltagetowork.

53. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN
Therearemanydifferenttypesof(singleended)THlamp,themostcommononesaretheG9capsulelamp,GU10spotlampandlinearhalogenlampswhicharealldomesticmainsvoltage, andG4capsulelamp,(integralreflector),R16,MR11spotlampswhicharelowvoltagelamp.

54. TUNGSTEN -HALOGEN

55. LOW -VOLTAGE LAMPS
•LOW-VOLTAGELAMPS–Incandescentandtungstenhalogenlampsthatoperatebetween6vand75V.
•Standardbuildingcurrentof115V–125Vmustbesteppeddownbytheuseoftransformer.
•Low–voltageluminarieswithintegratedtransformersarelargerinsizeandbulkier.
•Practicalsystemisline–voltageequipment.

56. LOW -VOLTAGE LAMPS
LOW VOLTAGE MULTIFACTED MIRROR REFLECTOR
(halogen lamp)
LOW VOLTAGE PAR56
(halogen lamp)

57. COLORED LIGHTS BULBS
Colored ceramic enamel

58. COLORED FILTERS
•HUE(qualityinredorgreen)
•SATURATION(strengthordepthofcolor)
•BRIGHTNESS(qualityoflight)

59. GELATIN FILTERS (“GELS”)
Thintransparentcolouredplasticsheetinvidevarietyofcolours,aswellasmulticoloredanddiffusedsheets.Shortservicelife–colourfadesrapidly.

60. INTERFERENCE FILTTERS
Oneormorelayersofultrathinfilmcoatingonclearglassthatreflectsratherthanabsorbunwantedwavelength.Theytransmitonecolour,andreflectthecomplementarycolour.
ReflectionandTransmissionbyInterferenceFilters

61. DISCHARGE LAMPS
What?
Gas, phosphor, catode, discharge
How?
Light is produced by passage of an electric current through a vapor or gas, rather than through a tungsten wire as in incandescent lamp.

62. DISCHARGE LAMPS

63. FLOURESCENT LAMPS
Theclassicfluorescentlampdesign,whichhasfallenmostlybythewayside,usedaspecialstarterswitchmechanismtolightupthetube.
Theconventionalstarterswitchisasmalldischargebulb, containingneonorsomeothergas.Thebulbhastwoelectrodespositionedrightnexttoeachother.Whenelectricityisinitiallypassedthroughthebypasscircuit,anelectricalarcjumpsbetweentheseelectrodestomakeaconnection.Thisarclightsthebulbinthesamewayalargerarclightsafluorescentbulb.

64. FLOURESCENT LAMPS

65. FLOURESCENT LAMPS
Advantages:
Heatisrelativelylow
Energyefficient
Rangefromlowgradetohighgrade
Longlamplife
UsuallyCoolsource
Controlgears
Disadvantages:
Colourtemperature
Requireballast:preheat,instant-start, rapid-start
Requirescontrollingelementsforglarecontrol

66. Types:
1.ColdCathode
2.HotCathode
Shape:
1.U-BentShape
2.CirculineShape
3.CompactFluo-Lamp
FLOURESCENT LAMPS

67. SHAPES

68. BALLAST/DRIVER
Integrated
Ballast (CFL)
Magnetic
Ballast
(Traditional)
Electronic
Ballast
Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltages of electrical gas discharge lights.

69. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP
Typeofelectricalgas-dischargelampwhichproduceslightbymeansofanelectricarcbetweentungstenelectrodeshousedinsideatranslucentortransparentfusedquartzorfusedaluminaarctube.
Thistubeisfilledwithbothgasandmetalsalts.Thegasfacilitatesthearc’sinitialstrike.Oncethearcisstarted,itheatsandevaporatesthemetalsaltsformingaplasma,whichgreatlyincreasestheintensityoflightproducedbythearcandreducesitspowerconsumption.High-intensitydischargelampsareatypeofarclamp.

70. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

71. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

72. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

73. Whenenergyefficiencyand/orlightintensityaredesired.
Theseareasincludegymnasiums, largepublicareas,warehouses,movietheatres,footballstadiums,outdooractivityareas,roadways,parkinglots, andpathways.
Ultra-HighPerformance(UHP)HIDlampsareusedinLCDorDLPprojectionTVsetsorprojectiondisplaysaswell.
HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP

74. LED LIGHT
Redand Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide
Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride
WhiteLEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet
There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

75. LED LIGHT

76. BENEFITS OF LED

77. LEDlightsareusuallyaround3mm-8mmlong. ThesmallsizeandprofileoftheLEDlightsallowthemtobeusedwhereotherlightbulbsmaynotfit.
SizeofLED
BENEFITS OF LED

78. 2. BENEFITS OF LED
Whereotherlightsgiveoffmoreenergybyshinningindifferentareas,LEDlightsonlyshineinaspecificdirectionbecomingmoreefficient.
Efficiency

79. 3. BENEFITS OF LED
35,000to50,000hours,comparedto750to2,000hoursforanincandescentbulb,8,000to10,000hoursforacompactfluorescentand20,000to30,000hoursforalinearflorescentbulb.
Life

80. 4. BENEFITS OF LED
LEDsremaincool.Inaddition,sincetheycontainnoglasscomponents,theyarenotvulnerabletovibrationorbreakagelikeconventionalbulbs. LEDsarethusbettersuitedforuseinareaslikesportsfacilitiesandhigh-crimelocations.
Temperature

81. USES OF LED LIGHTS IN COMMERCIAL

82. USES OF LED LIGHTS IN HOSPITILARTY

83. USES OF LED LIGHTS IN RETAIL

84. USES OF LED LIGHTS IN RESIDENTIAL

85. USES OF LED LIGHTS IN OFFICE

86. LED REFLECTORS

87. LAMPS
Halogen MR16 GU 5-3
Incandescent Stan. E27
Halogen OR111 G53
Halogen PAR
E27

88. LAMPS
PLC compact fluorescent lamp
CFL compact fluorescent lamp E27
Fluorescent CFL spiral E27
Fluorescent megamun liliput E27

89. LAMPS
Fluorescent TL
T5
Fluorescent TL
T8
LED MR16
GU5-3
LED Tubular Lamp

90. LAMPS
LED
LED Strip
LED Strip
LED Flexi
Light
LED Strips
(Plat)

91. LAMPS
LED Linesta
LED Tape

92. LAMPS
Fiber Optics

93. LAMPS
Cold Cathode

94. Thank You