This presentation describes in detail about the Lamps and their types, Reflectors and their types and different Lumen Requirements for types of lamp may it be incandescent, CFL or any other, the viewers will be able to understand through images easily.
Sodium vapour lamp construction , working of sodium vapour lamp, advantages and disadvantages of sodium vapour lamp, explanation of sodium vapour lamp, what is sodium vapour lamp, application of sodium vapour lamp . All information covers in this ppt.
The full view of basic electronics can be view at http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby interrupting the current.
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...Bint Shameem
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
The project is based on electric heating and its method. This project is a college project done by students. So the project might have some mistakes. Use this project as any source is restricted. The project is uploaded only because of the benefits of the students who want to get the basic idea of the powerpoint presentation of a project.
Hi there,
In this presentation we have the complete details about the incandescent lamp and this presentation gives the complete history of the incandescent lamp or the history of the lamp. This presentation tells that what it have and what it is.....
I hope that you like this presentation........
Have A Nice Day
Yours Krishna.....
Sodium vapour lamp construction , working of sodium vapour lamp, advantages and disadvantages of sodium vapour lamp, explanation of sodium vapour lamp, what is sodium vapour lamp, application of sodium vapour lamp . All information covers in this ppt.
The full view of basic electronics can be view at http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby interrupting the current.
#Building wiring system#presentation#Wire is a single electrical conductor, w...Bint Shameem
#An “electrical power system” can be defined as a network of electrical components used to supply, transform, transfer and distribute electrical energy. An “electrical wiring system” instead, is responsible for powering specific elements within a system, that need electricity to work.
The project is based on electric heating and its method. This project is a college project done by students. So the project might have some mistakes. Use this project as any source is restricted. The project is uploaded only because of the benefits of the students who want to get the basic idea of the powerpoint presentation of a project.
Hi there,
In this presentation we have the complete details about the incandescent lamp and this presentation gives the complete history of the incandescent lamp or the history of the lamp. This presentation tells that what it have and what it is.....
I hope that you like this presentation........
Have A Nice Day
Yours Krishna.....
This slide is about types of lamp.Different types of lamp & their description are given in this slide.
i.e. Plasma Lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
LED Lamp
Safety Lamp
Is Time Travelling possible? Can we create rupture in space and time? Can we create a machine that is able to lead us towards a different time and space? All the answers are given. Continuity, Concept of Wormhole, Time Machine and Possibility of this happening is written by me.
Linear Combination, Span And Linearly Independent, Dependent SetDhaval Shukla
In this presentation, the topic of Linear Combination, Span and Linearly Independent and Linearly Dependent Sets have been discussed. The sums for each topic have been given to understand the concept clearly for viewers.
Metallic Glasses (Type of Metallic Materials)Dhaval Shukla
This detailed presentation is about Metallic Glasses, their types, their properties and applications. Through the images the viewers will be able to gain the information about the Metallic Glasses, how they are formed and why are they needed. A difference between metallic and nonmetallic glasses have also been given to understand thoroughly.
In this ppt I have given the mechanism, functions and working of the Crank Sliding Link Cylinder Mechanism, the images in gif have been given for the viewers to understand thoroughly the concept of this topic and disadvantages and calculation.
Atkinson Cycle, Ericsson Cycle And Stirling CycleDhaval Shukla
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This presentation contributes towards understanding the periodic function of a Laplace Transform. A sum has been included to relate the method for this topic and a video also so that the learning can be easy.
I have made this ppt in a way such that it will be able for viewers to understand easily and also have included construction and advantages of EMT and also I have compared it with Piezoelectric Transducers for better gain and videos for testing of EMT.
This ppt is about our Corporate Social Responsibilities(CSR) which we have to understand to do ethical business. The CSR is a need of every business now, because the environment, society and business all three are interconnected. I have included video presentations so that the concept can be understood.
Gaussian Quadrature Formulas, which are simple and will help learners learn about Gauss's One, Two and Three Point Formulas, I have also included sums so that learning can be easy and the method can be understood.
The question the generation today faces is what is our existence through our country? Why do we have to go foreign countries to educate ourselves enough, what is woman empowerment? Are we living in a society that is destined to be doomed? Why is it that our country is still on the developing road? Read to understand this country and to understand yourself.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
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Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
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The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
1. LAMPS, REFLECTORS AND LUMEN
REQUIREMENTS
−By Dhaval Shukla (141080119050)
−Elements of Electrical Engineering
−Mechanical Branch
−2nd Semester
2. LAMPS
According to principle of operation the light sources
may be classified as follows:
1. Incandescent or Filament Lamp
2. Halogen Lamp
3. Fluorescent Lamp
4. Metal Halide Lamp
5. Sulfur Lamp
6. Sodium Lamp
7. Light Emitting Diode
3. LAMPS
1. Incandescent Lamp:
− The figure L.1 shows the
Incandescent Lamp which are also
called Filament Lamp as they
consist of tungsten filament
between two lead wires.
− Tungsten filament has following
properties for which they are used
in this type of Lamp:
1) High melting point (3400 degree
Celsius)
4. LAMPS
2) High resistivity
3) Low temperature coefficient of resistance
4) Sufficient mechanical strength to withstand
vibrations during use
5) Ductility
− The light output of incandescent lamp decreases
gradually with age. This is due to two reasons:
i. Evaporation of the filament tends to cause the
bulb to blacken.
5. LAMPS
ii. Evaporation makes the diameter of the filament to
decrease slowly which increases the resistance of the
filament. Therefore, the old filament lamp draws less
current and operates at low temperature which reduces
the light output.
2. Halogen Lamp:
− In ordinary incandescent lamps, evaporated tungsten
mostly deposits onto the inner surface of the bulb,
causing the bulb to blacken and the filament to grow
increasingly weak until it eventually breaks.
6. LAMPS
− The halogen, however, sets up a
reversible chemical reaction cycle
with this evaporated tungsten.
− The halogen cycle keeps the bulb
clean and causes the light output to
remain almost constant throughout
the bulb's life.
− Halogen lamps are manufactured
with enough halogen to match the
rate of tungsten evaporation at
their design voltage.
7.
8. LAMPS
− Increasing the applied voltage increases the rate of
evaporation, so at some point there may be
insufficient halogen and the lamp goes black.
Uses:
1) Automotive Lamp Types
2) Architectural use: In R7S
3) Cooking: Special Halogen Ovens uses this lamp
to generate heat.
4) Home use: MR16 (10-50 Power-Watt ratings)
5) Stage Lighting: For lightening in theatre or studio
9. LAMPS
3. Fluorescent Lamp:
− A fluorescent lamp or a fluorescent
tube is a low pressure mercury-
vapor gas-discharge lamp that
uses fluorescence to produce
visible light.
− An electric current in the
gas excites mercury vapor which
produces short-
wave ultraviolet light that then
causes a phosphor coating on the
inside of the bulb to glow.
10. LAMPS
− As in all mercury-based gas-filled tubes, mercury is
slowly adsorbed into the glass, phosphor, and tube
electrodes throughout the life of the lamp, until it can no
longer function.
− The filaments can burn at the end of the lamp's lifetime,
opening the circuit and losing the capability to heat up.
− Both filaments lose function as they are connected in
series, with just a simple switch start circuit a broken
filament will render the lamp completely useless.
11.
12. LAMPS
Uses:
1) In Kitchen, Basements or Garages
2) For Stage Lighting purposes
4. Metal Halide Lamp:
− A metal-halide lamp is an electric
lamp that produces light by
an electric arc through a gaseous
mixture of
vaporized mercury and metal
halides (compounds of metals
with bromine or iodine).
− It is a type of high-intensity
discharge (HID) gas discharge lamp.
13.
14. LAMPS
Uses:
1) General Lighting Purposes
2) Automobile Headlights
3) Photographic Lighting
5. Sulfur Lamp:
− The sulfur lamp (also sulphur
lamp) is a highly efficient full-
spectrum electrode less
lighting system whose light is
generated by sulfur plasma that
has been excited by
microwave radiation.
15.
16. LAMPS
− The sulfur lamp consists of a golf ball-sized
(30 mm) fused-quartz bulb containing
several milligrams of sulfur powder and argon gas
at the end of a thin glass spindle. The bulb is
enclosed in a microwave-resonant wire-mesh cage.
Uses:
1) Reflectors
2) Light Pipes used in US Air Force museum
17. LAMPS
6. Sodium Lamps:
− A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-
discharge lamp that
uses sodium in an excited state to
produce light.
− There are two varieties of such
lamps: low pressure and high
pressure.
− Low-pressure sodium lamps are
highly efficient electrical light
sources, but their yellow light
restricts applications to outdoor
lighting such as street lamps.
18.
19. LAMPS
− An amalgam of metallic sodium and mercury lies at
the coolest part of the lamp and provides the
sodium and mercury vapor that is needed to draw
an arc.
− The temperature of the amalgam is determined to a
great extent by lamp power. The higher the lamp
power, the higher will be the amalgam temperature.
Uses:
1) Street Lights
2) In Office Buildings
20. LAMPS
7. Light Emitting Diodes (LED):
− A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-
lead semiconductor light source. It is
a PN-junction diode, which emits light
when activated.
− When a suitable voltage is applied to
the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within
the device, releasing energy in the
form of photons.
− This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the
color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photon) is determined
by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor.
21.
22. LAMPS
Uses:
1) Visual Signals: To give signals or message which
can’t be directed through human-eye.
2) Illumination: Where light is reflected from objects
to provide information about it.
3) Measuring and interacting no human vision
processes.
4) Narrow band light sensors: LEDs operate in
reverse bias mode and respond to incident light,
instead of emitting light.
23. REFLECTORS
With most light sources, it is desirable
to use some additional equipment to
direct the whole of the light output on
to the surface to be illuminated, to
diffuse the light in order to prevent
glare or to change its color.
Various types of reflectors are
commonly used are described below:
1. Dispersive Type Reflector:
− A typical fitting of this type is shown in
the figure aside.
24. REFLECTORS
− It is considered a universal fitting for all types of
industrial uses.
− Such reflectors are constructed of heavy gauge
steel finished with vitreous enamel green outside
and white inside.
− They are type of the standard type of lamps from
60-1500 W.
− The spacing should be 1.5 times the height of
lamp filament above the working plane.
25. REFLECTORS
− It is combination of concave and
cylindrical reflecting surfaces in the form
of a deep bowl of wide dispersive
powder.
− It gives maximum intensity between 0-45
degrees.
2. Diffuser Type Reflectors:
− An industrial diffusing unit has a
slightly lower efficiency than dispersive
type reflector, but the appearance is
better and it is particularly useful to
minimize the glare reflected from
polished surfaces.
26. REFLECTORS
− The maximum light intensities are from 0-45 degrees.
− Uniform illumination is obtained with a space-height ratio
of one and a quarter one.
3. Concentrating Type Reflectors:
− In this type of reflector, the reflecting surface is
designed in the shape of a deep parabola.
− This type of reflector is suitable for high mounting
height as required in industries and shops.
− These reflectors are used for lamps from 60 to 1500 W.
27. REFLECTORS
4. Parabolitical or Elliptical Angle
Reflectors:
− Elliptical angle reflector is suitable for
side illumination.
− Normal overhead lamps cannot
provide illumination on vertical
surfaces. Hence these reflectors are
used for such applications.
5. Extensive Type Reflectors:
− These are constructed in steel with
vitreous enamel finish.
− The bowl is in the form of hyperbolic
curve.
28. REFLECTORS
− The maximum light intensities are obtained between 0-45
degrees.
− Spacing should be 1.5 times the mounting height.
6. Intensive Type Reflectors:
− This is similar to extensive type, the difference lying in
the shape of the reflector bowl which is a combination
of convex and concave curves.
− This is also a local lighting reflector.
29. REFLECTOR
7. Benflux Reflector:
− A wide distribution fitting is made in vitreous
enamel with a glass diffusing shade enriching the
lamp.
− Small apertures are left above the glass shade to
ensure adequate ventilation.
− Space-height ratio should be 1:2/3.