Brief discussion about difeerent type of lamps

1. TYPES OF LAMPS
Suhail TP
MES Collage of Engineering

2. Light sources
• Incandescent lamp
• Discharge lamp
– Florescent lamp
– Sodium lamp
– High pressure mercury vapour lamp

3. OLD TYPES OF KEROSEN LAMPS

4. INCANDESCENT LAMP
• HOT WIRE – FILAMENT
SEALED IN A GLASS JAR
(BULB)
• ELECTRIC CURRENT PASS
THROUGH THE WIRE HEATS
IT TO INCADESCENCE, AND
THE WIRE EMITS LIGHT. USE
STANDARD VOLTAGE CIRCUIT.

5. • Inside gas is argon with
nitrogen.
• At the center of the lamp is a
tungsten filament.
• Electricity heats this filament
up to about 2,500 degrees
Celsius.
• Light output is 15
lumens/watt
• Operating life 1000 hour
• Efficency increased by using
– Coiled filament
– Coiled coil filament

6. Parts
1. GLASS BULB
2. VACUUM OR GAS
FILLED
3. WIRE/FILAMENT
4. 5. LEAD-IN WIRES
6. SUPPORT WIRES
7. NECK
8. 11. ELECTRIC FUSE
9. BASE

7. Pros and Cons
ADVANTAGES:
1. LESS EXPENSIVE
2. EASIER TO DIM WITH
RHEOSTATS
3. WARMER COLOR THAN
FLUORESCENT AND
THUNGSTEN-HALOGEN
LAMPS
4. LIGHT OUTPUT IS
RELATIVELY HIGH
5. CAN BE DIMMED
DISADVANTAGES:
1. ENERGY INEFFICIENT
2. SHORT LAMP LIFE TIME
3. WARM SOURCE

8. Discharge lamps
• Light is produced by
passage of an electric
current through a vapor
or gas, rather than
through a tungsten wire
as in incandescent
lamp.

9. FLUORESCENT LAMP

10. FLUORESCENT LAMP
• Inside bulb is coated with florescent powder
• Oxide coated tungsten filament is used as
electrodes
• Light output is 70 lumen/watt
• Average life is 7500 hours

11. • ADVANTAGES:
•Heat is relatively low
•Energy efficient
•Range from low grade to
high grade
•Long lamp life
•Usually Cool source
• DISADVANTAGE:
•Color temperature
•Require ballast: preheat,
instant-start, rapid-start
•Requires controlling
elements for glare control

12. Sodium Lamp
• gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an
excited state to produce light
• Efficency is 75 lumens/watt
• Average life 60000 hours

13. Cont..
• Discharge will not start at low
voltage
• Leak transformer produce
starting voltage of about 400V
• First neon gas will discharge
after sodium vaporises and
discharge continues
• Pf is too low(0.3) to correct
capacitor is used

14. High pressure mercury vapour lamp
• Inner gas used is Argon
and mercury
• Efficiency 40 lumen/watt
• Inner tube have two main
electrodes and an
auxiliary electrode

15. Artificial Light Sources
• Incandescent Lamps
• Fluorescent Lamps
• High – Intensity Discharge Lamps
• Mercury Lamps
• Metal Halide Lamps
• High Pressure Sodium Lamps
• Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
• Electrodeless Lamps
• Compact arc xenon &Mercury
Lamps
• Electroluminescent Lamps
• Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
• Carbon arc Lamps
• Gaslights

16. Lamp efficiency & efficacy
• Efficacy for a light source is how well it turns
input power into the desired output, which is
lumens
• Efficiency is the actual percentage of power in
which comes out as photons.