The document discusses concepts related to liberty, equality, justice, rights, and social justice. It provides definitions and key features of liberty, including types of liberty like economic, political, and personal liberty. It describes equality as equal standing and discusses negative and positive concepts of equality. The relationship between liberty and equality is explored, noting they both help individual development and equal opportunities. Justice is defined as giving people their due or treating equals equally. Elements of justice like consistency and relevance are outlined. Views on social justice from Marxists, democratic socialists, and John Rawls are summarized. Rights are defined and dimensions of rights like who can have rights are examined.

1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
B.COM(H) IIIrd
BE&CSR (888209)
Sarita chawla

2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Liberty : Meaning & Features
• Liberty derives from the Latin word ‘liber’,
which means absence of restraints.
Features of Liberty
• No restriction
• Right and power to act
• Condition of being physically and legally free
• Right to engage in certain actions without
control

3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Economic Liberty
• Political Liberty
• Civil Liberty
• National Liberty
• Personal Liberty
• Natural Liberty
Types of Liberty

4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Equality :Meaning &Aspect
Equality means ‘equal standing ‘ of all persons.
There are two opinions about equality:
• Negative concept of equality –no special
privileges to any class of society
• Positive concept of equality – equal ought to
be treated alike in respect in which they equal
It implies placing the right person at the right
time

5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Relationship between Liberty &
Equality
• Both liberty and equality or freedom help in
development of an individual
• Equality and freedom aim at the same
objective and equal opportunities of work and
life
• Equality and liberty moves /support each
other

6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Justice : Meaning
The word justice has originated from the latin
word ‘Justitia’ which means joining or to bind
According to Richard T. De George, “Justice
consist of giving a person his due, treating
equals equally and unequals unequally.”
Justice is virtue that binds all citizens and all of
them to the government

7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Elements of Justice
• CONSISTENCY: For the same mistake
punishment should be same. This means rules
and laws must be followed in acting justly.
• RELEVANCE: Unless there are relevant reasons
for treating people differently, they should be
treated equally.
• IDEA OF PROPORTION: Inequality should be in
proportion to people’s contribution to work

8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
SOCIAL JUSTICE
• MARXISTS’ VIEW: Just society is the one
where each member contributes to the
society to the best of his/her ability but
resources are distributed accordingly to
the need of the members

9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISTS’ VIEW of SOCIAL
JUSTICE: Resource are distributed equally
when there are opportunities for people to
work
• JOHN RAWLS’ THEORY of SOCIAL JUSTICE
• Equal Liberties
• Equality of Opportunity
• Difference people
SOCIAL JUSTICE

10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• MEANING of RIGHTS: According to Bonsquet,
“A right is a claim recognized by state and
enforced by the state.”
According to H.J McCloskey, “Right is an
individuals’ entitlement to something. A
person is said to have a right when he has the
exclusive privilege to act in a specific way or
can make others to behave in a specified way
towards him.”
RIGHTS and RECOGNITION

11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
1. Who or what can have a right? It includes:
• Capacity to suffer
• Having interests
• Possessing reason capacity for choice
2. Who can be the content or object of a right?
3. How can be justified?
4. Are rights alienable?
5. Are there absolute rights?
DIMENSIONS of RIGHTS