This document discusses ethics in society presented by a student group. It defines ethics as morals, values and beliefs that govern behavior. The group identifies several aspects of ethics in society including codes of conduct, workplace ethics, public health, poverty, and human rights. It provides keywords for each topic and compares codes of ethics to codes of conduct. The document emphasizes that ethics guides moral behavior and benefits society by establishing principles for right conduct.
INTRODUCTION THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decisio.docxnormanibarber20063
INTRODUCTION:
THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decision Making
***This article updates several previous pieces from Issues in Ethics by Manuel Velasquez - Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University and former Center director - and Claire Andre, associate Center director. "Thinking Ethically" is based on a framework developed by the authors in collaboration with Center Director Thomas Shanks, S.J., Presidential Professor of Ethics and the Common Good Michael J. Meyer, and others. The framework is used as the basis for many programs and presentations at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
TAKEN FROM: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html
Moral issues greet us each morning in the newspaper, confront us in the memos on our desks, nag us from our children's soccer fields, and bid us good night on the evening news. We are bombarded daily with questions about the justice of our foreign policy, the morality of medical technologies that can prolong our lives, the rights of animals or perhaps the fairness of our children's teachers dealing with diverse students in their classrooms.
Dealing with these moral issues is often perplexing. How, exactly, should we think through an ethical issue? What questions should we ask? What factors should we consider?
WHAT IS ETHICS?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
According to The National Institute of Health: “Ethics seeks to determine what a person should do, or the best course of action, and provides reasons why. It also helps people decide how to behave and treat one another, and what kinds of communities would be good to live in.”
“Bioethics is a subfield of ethics that explores ethical questions related to the life sciences. Bioethical analysis helps people make decisions about their behavior and about policy questions that governments, organizations, and communities must face when they consider how best to use new biomedical knowledge and innovation”.
WHAT ETHICS IS NOT:
• Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
• Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it..
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies aLesleyWhitesidefv
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies and save the document.
1- Analyze the ethical implications of a community health initiative to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy by means of health education in the public schools. This community takes pride in its schools and is comprised of multiple ethnic, immigrant, religious and social groups. Use the following ethical principles in your analysis: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice.
Egalitarian
• The view that everyone is entitled to equal rights and equal treatment. Ideally, each person has an equal share of the goods of society, and it is the role of government to ensure that this happens. The government has the authority to redistribute wealth if necessary to ensure equal treatment. Thus egalitarians support welfare rights—that is, the right to receive certain social goods necessary to satisfy basic needs. These include adequate food, housing, education, and police and fire protection. Both practical and theoretical weaknesses are inherent in egalitarianism.
Libertarian
• The libertarian view of justice advocates for social and economic liberty. While egalitarianism lacks incentives for individuals, libertarianism emphasizes the contribution and merit of individuals (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013).
• Limited role of government
Liberal democratic
Attempts to develop a theory that values both liberty and equality
• Based on Rawl’s Theory of Justice and the “veil of ignorance.” Behind this veil, people (or their representatives) are unaware of social position, race, culture, doctrine, sex, endowments, or any other distinguishing circumstances (Rawls, 2001). This is known as the original position and is an exercise to address the inequalities and bargaining advantages that result from birth, natural endowments, and historical circumstances. Without these inequalities, all people are free and equal and can work together as citizens to decide what is fair and therefore just. Once impartiality is guaranteed, Rawls suggests all rational people will choose a system of justice containing the following two principles:
• Each person has the same claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties, and this scheme is compatible with the same scheme of liberties for all.
• Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: first, they are to be attached to offices and positions open all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they are to be to the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society (the difference principle).
Box 7.2
Ethical Principles
Respect for autonomy: Based on human dignity and respect for individuals, autonomy requires that individuals be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another.
Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence requires that we do no harm. It is impossible to avoid harm entirely, but t ...
INTRODUCTION THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decisio.docxnormanibarber20063
INTRODUCTION:
THINKING ETHICALLY A Framework for Moral Decision Making
***This article updates several previous pieces from Issues in Ethics by Manuel Velasquez - Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University and former Center director - and Claire Andre, associate Center director. "Thinking Ethically" is based on a framework developed by the authors in collaboration with Center Director Thomas Shanks, S.J., Presidential Professor of Ethics and the Common Good Michael J. Meyer, and others. The framework is used as the basis for many programs and presentations at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.
TAKEN FROM: http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html
Moral issues greet us each morning in the newspaper, confront us in the memos on our desks, nag us from our children's soccer fields, and bid us good night on the evening news. We are bombarded daily with questions about the justice of our foreign policy, the morality of medical technologies that can prolong our lives, the rights of animals or perhaps the fairness of our children's teachers dealing with diverse students in their classrooms.
Dealing with these moral issues is often perplexing. How, exactly, should we think through an ethical issue? What questions should we ask? What factors should we consider?
WHAT IS ETHICS?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
According to The National Institute of Health: “Ethics seeks to determine what a person should do, or the best course of action, and provides reasons why. It also helps people decide how to behave and treat one another, and what kinds of communities would be good to live in.”
“Bioethics is a subfield of ethics that explores ethical questions related to the life sciences. Bioethical analysis helps people make decisions about their behavior and about policy questions that governments, organizations, and communities must face when they consider how best to use new biomedical knowledge and innovation”.
WHAT ETHICS IS NOT:
• Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
• Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it..
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies aLesleyWhitesidefv
· Write a response as directed to each of the three case studies and save the document.
1- Analyze the ethical implications of a community health initiative to decrease the rate of teenage pregnancy by means of health education in the public schools. This community takes pride in its schools and is comprised of multiple ethnic, immigrant, religious and social groups. Use the following ethical principles in your analysis: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice.
Egalitarian
• The view that everyone is entitled to equal rights and equal treatment. Ideally, each person has an equal share of the goods of society, and it is the role of government to ensure that this happens. The government has the authority to redistribute wealth if necessary to ensure equal treatment. Thus egalitarians support welfare rights—that is, the right to receive certain social goods necessary to satisfy basic needs. These include adequate food, housing, education, and police and fire protection. Both practical and theoretical weaknesses are inherent in egalitarianism.
Libertarian
• The libertarian view of justice advocates for social and economic liberty. While egalitarianism lacks incentives for individuals, libertarianism emphasizes the contribution and merit of individuals (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013).
• Limited role of government
Liberal democratic
Attempts to develop a theory that values both liberty and equality
• Based on Rawl’s Theory of Justice and the “veil of ignorance.” Behind this veil, people (or their representatives) are unaware of social position, race, culture, doctrine, sex, endowments, or any other distinguishing circumstances (Rawls, 2001). This is known as the original position and is an exercise to address the inequalities and bargaining advantages that result from birth, natural endowments, and historical circumstances. Without these inequalities, all people are free and equal and can work together as citizens to decide what is fair and therefore just. Once impartiality is guaranteed, Rawls suggests all rational people will choose a system of justice containing the following two principles:
• Each person has the same claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties, and this scheme is compatible with the same scheme of liberties for all.
• Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: first, they are to be attached to offices and positions open all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity; and second, they are to be to the greatest benefit to the least advantaged members of society (the difference principle).
Box 7.2
Ethical Principles
Respect for autonomy: Based on human dignity and respect for individuals, autonomy requires that individuals be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another.
Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence requires that we do no harm. It is impossible to avoid harm entirely, but t ...
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A Framework for Thinking EthicallyThis document is designed as a.docxransayo
A Framework for Thinking Ethically
This document is designed as an introduction to thinking ethically. We all have an image of our better selves-of how we are when we act ethically or are "at our best." We probably also have an image of what an ethical community, an ethical business, an ethical government, or an ethical society should be. Ethics really has to do with all these levels-acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments, and making our society as a whole ethical in the way it treats everyone.What is Ethics?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
It is helpful to identify what ethics is NOT:
· Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
· Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
· Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it. Law can be a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. Law may have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas, and may be slow to address new problems.
· Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms. Some cultures are quite ethical, but others become corrupt -or blind to certain ethical concerns (as the United States was to slavery before the Civil War). "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is not a satisfactory ethical standard.
· Ethics is not science. Social and natural science can provide important data to help us make better ethical choices. But science alone does not tell us what we ought to do. Science may provide an explanation for what humans are like. But ethics provides reasons for how humans ought to act. And just because something is scientifically or technologically possible, it may not be ethical to do it.
Why Identifying Ethical Standards is Hard
There are two fundamental problems in identifying the ethical standards we are to follow:
1. On what do we base our ethical standards?
2. How do those standards get applied to specific situations we face?
If our ethics are not based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, what are they based on? Many philosophers and ethicists have helped us answer this critical question. They have suggested .
Question 1Discuss with your colleagues the following questions.docxssuser774ad41
Question 1
Discuss with your colleagues the following questions: What is Legality? Specifically how are employees and medical entities legally responsible in Health Service Organizations? Provide two specific real life case examples that you find on the internet or in the print media. Read the background articles but this discussion will take research beyond the above articles. Provide citation of authority to support your initial response to discussion questions. Peers are expected to demonstrate critical thinking in their questions related to the classmates' descriptions. Initial response to dicussion topic must be no later than midnight Thursday and then you must substantively respond to at least 2 classmate submissions no later than 6pm Sunday. See Discussion Requirements in Discussion topic entitled "
Discussion Expectations and Grading"
No duplication. Redundant primary posts will not be graded.
Lecture articles
http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/13-legal-issues-for-hospitals-and-health-systems.html
[Legal issues facing health care professionals]
http://ijahsp.nova.edu/articles/Vol2num1/pdf/lazaro.pdf [ethical and legal analysis of health care case]
Background Readings for week 1 discussion 1
http://www.whitehouse.gov/our-government
[everyone should have a baseline understanding of the U.S. Government, specifically the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches, and legal responsibilities of individuals and organizations from each of the three branches]
https://www.osha.gov/workers.html#6
[This government website outlines employer responsibilities under Occupational Health and Safety Administration federal law.]
http://healthsafety.etsu.edu/docs/Employee_Safety_Handbook.pdf
[This employee handbook identifies a number of state and federal obligations as it relates to employees. Pay special attention to the activities and programs on page 10 of this handbook.]
http://www.wha.org/data/sites/1/emergencyPrep/EthicalResp_HCLeadership_8-08.pdf
Question 2
Discuss with your colleagues 1.What are Ethics? 2. Where do they come from and who is responsible? 3. How do ethics apply to health care organizations and its employees? Provide two specific real life case examples that you find on the internet or in the print media. 4. Research a specific ethics issue applicable to health care organizations, discuss how it was handled, what ethics theory epitomizes the handling of the issue and how would you have handled the issue and which specific ethics theory would apply to your solution. [see below A Framework for Thinking Ethically to help with last question]
Read the background articles but this discussion will take research beyond the above articles. Provide citation of authority to support your initial response to conference questions. Peers are expected to demonstrate critical thinking in their questions related to the classmates' descriptions. Initial response to dicussion topic mu ...
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government LiaisonMattGardner52
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
Service learning program
A Framework for Thinking EthicallyThis document is designed as a.docxransayo
A Framework for Thinking Ethically
This document is designed as an introduction to thinking ethically. We all have an image of our better selves-of how we are when we act ethically or are "at our best." We probably also have an image of what an ethical community, an ethical business, an ethical government, or an ethical society should be. Ethics really has to do with all these levels-acting ethically as individuals, creating ethical organizations and governments, and making our society as a whole ethical in the way it treats everyone.What is Ethics?
Simply stated, ethics refers to standards of behavior that tell us how human beings ought to act in the many situations in which they find themselves-as friends, parents, children, citizens, businesspeople, teachers, professionals, and so on.
It is helpful to identify what ethics is NOT:
· Ethics is not the same as feelings. Feelings provide important information for our ethical choices. Some people have highly developed habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. And often our feelings will tell us it is uncomfortable to do the right thing if it is hard.
· Ethics is not religion. Many people are not religious, but ethics applies to everyone. Most religions do advocate high ethical standards but sometimes do not address all the types of problems we face.
· Ethics is not following the law. A good system of law does incorporate many ethical standards, but law can deviate from what is ethical. Law can become ethically corrupt, as some totalitarian regimes have made it. Law can be a function of power alone and designed to serve the interests of narrow groups. Law may have a difficult time designing or enforcing standards in some important areas, and may be slow to address new problems.
· Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms. Some cultures are quite ethical, but others become corrupt -or blind to certain ethical concerns (as the United States was to slavery before the Civil War). "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" is not a satisfactory ethical standard.
· Ethics is not science. Social and natural science can provide important data to help us make better ethical choices. But science alone does not tell us what we ought to do. Science may provide an explanation for what humans are like. But ethics provides reasons for how humans ought to act. And just because something is scientifically or technologically possible, it may not be ethical to do it.
Why Identifying Ethical Standards is Hard
There are two fundamental problems in identifying the ethical standards we are to follow:
1. On what do we base our ethical standards?
2. How do those standards get applied to specific situations we face?
If our ethics are not based on feelings, religion, law, accepted social practice, or science, what are they based on? Many philosophers and ethicists have helped us answer this critical question. They have suggested .
Question 1Discuss with your colleagues the following questions.docxssuser774ad41
Question 1
Discuss with your colleagues the following questions: What is Legality? Specifically how are employees and medical entities legally responsible in Health Service Organizations? Provide two specific real life case examples that you find on the internet or in the print media. Read the background articles but this discussion will take research beyond the above articles. Provide citation of authority to support your initial response to discussion questions. Peers are expected to demonstrate critical thinking in their questions related to the classmates' descriptions. Initial response to dicussion topic must be no later than midnight Thursday and then you must substantively respond to at least 2 classmate submissions no later than 6pm Sunday. See Discussion Requirements in Discussion topic entitled "
Discussion Expectations and Grading"
No duplication. Redundant primary posts will not be graded.
Lecture articles
http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/13-legal-issues-for-hospitals-and-health-systems.html
[Legal issues facing health care professionals]
http://ijahsp.nova.edu/articles/Vol2num1/pdf/lazaro.pdf [ethical and legal analysis of health care case]
Background Readings for week 1 discussion 1
http://www.whitehouse.gov/our-government
[everyone should have a baseline understanding of the U.S. Government, specifically the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches, and legal responsibilities of individuals and organizations from each of the three branches]
https://www.osha.gov/workers.html#6
[This government website outlines employer responsibilities under Occupational Health and Safety Administration federal law.]
http://healthsafety.etsu.edu/docs/Employee_Safety_Handbook.pdf
[This employee handbook identifies a number of state and federal obligations as it relates to employees. Pay special attention to the activities and programs on page 10 of this handbook.]
http://www.wha.org/data/sites/1/emergencyPrep/EthicalResp_HCLeadership_8-08.pdf
Question 2
Discuss with your colleagues 1.What are Ethics? 2. Where do they come from and who is responsible? 3. How do ethics apply to health care organizations and its employees? Provide two specific real life case examples that you find on the internet or in the print media. 4. Research a specific ethics issue applicable to health care organizations, discuss how it was handled, what ethics theory epitomizes the handling of the issue and how would you have handled the issue and which specific ethics theory would apply to your solution. [see below A Framework for Thinking Ethically to help with last question]
Read the background articles but this discussion will take research beyond the above articles. Provide citation of authority to support your initial response to conference questions. Peers are expected to demonstrate critical thinking in their questions related to the classmates' descriptions. Initial response to dicussion topic mu ...
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government LiaisonMattGardner52
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...Massimo Talia
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence LawyersHarpreetSaini48
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
2. Group no. 4
Group members:
1. Asad Abbas (19-CE-114)
2. Ali Rafique (19R-18-CE-83)
3. Sher Ali (19-CE-118)
4. Muntazir Mehdi (19-CE-126)
5. Muhammad Mohsin Ali (19-CE-18)
6. Adeel Rauf Khan (19-CE-122)
7. Muhammad Akram (19-CE-134)
8. Usama Shoukat (19-CE-62)
Topic:
Ethics in our society
3. What is ethics?
“Ethics is the word that refers to morals, values
and beliefs of the individuals family or the
society.”
It is the;
“Set of beliefs about right or wrong
behavior.’’
Also,
“It is a branch of philosophy that involves
the systemizing, defending and recommending
concept of right and wrong conduct.”
4. Ethics in our society:
Ethics and morals play an important
part in the life of a common man. So here are some points
which can be used as a keywords in social ethics.
Codes of conduct
Code of ethics
Workplace ethics
Public health
Professionalism
Poverty
Human rights
5. Keywords:
These are some keyword of ethics.
Human dignity
Equality
Citizenship
Social works
Natural laws
Social responsibility
Social rights
Justice
7. Codes of conducts:
The code of conduct outlines specific behaviour that are
required to prohibited as a conditions of ongoing employment.
It might forbid sexual harassment, racial intimidation or
viewing inappropriate or unauthorized content on company
computers.
Note:
There are round about 18 articles who tell us about the
codes of conducts. Also, there is a difference between codes of
conducts and code of ethics.
8. Codes of ethics:
Code of ethics and professional conduct outlines the ethical principles
that govern decisions and the behavior of the company. There are five code of
ethics which are given below.
Integrity
Objectivity
Professional competence
Confidentially
Professional behavior
9. Comparison between Codes of ethics and codes of conduct:
Codes of ethics
Codes of ethics generally are wide
ranging and non specific designed to
provide a set of values or decision
making approaches that enable
employees to make independent
judgment about the most appropriate
course of action.
Codes of conducts
Conduct standards generally require
little judgment you obey or incur a
penalty and the code provides a fairly
clear set of expectations about which
actions are required acceptable or
prohibited.
10. Workplace ethics:
It does this by establishing rules,
principles, and values on which we can base our
conduct.
The concepts most directly associated with ethics are
truth, honesty, fairness, and equity.
While ethics is a societal concern, it is of
critical importance to the professions that serve society
Ethics is important to every society as it plays a critical
role in shaping the individual behaviors within a
society. Ethics and human conduct are no exception to
this rule.
11. Public health:
• The central ethical dilemma, therefore, in public
health, is to balance respect for individual freedom
and liberty with the responsibility of governments
to provide their citizens with some degree of
protection in relation to health.
• Ethics covers the following dilemmas: “How to
live a good life.”
• Ethics and human conduct are no exception to this
rule.
12. Professionalism:
• Some professional organizations may define their ethical
approach in terms of a number of discrete components.
These include Honesty, Trustworthiness, Transparency,
Accountability, Confidentiality, Objectivity, Respect,
Obedience to the law, and Loyalty.
• Professional ethics are principles that govern the behavior
of a person or group in a business environment. Like
values, professional ethics provide rules on how a person
should act towards other people and institutions in such an
environment.
13. Poverty:
• Issues like;
Hunger
Illness
Poor sanitation
are all causes and effects of poverty.
• The effects of poverty are often interrelated so that one
problem rarely occurs alone.
• Bad sanitation makes one susceptible to diseases, and
hunger and lack of clean water makes one even more
vulnerable to diseases.
14. Human right:
• Human rights are norms that aspire to protect all people
everywhere from severe political, legal, and social
abuses.
• Examples of human rights are the right to freedom of
religion.
• The right to a fair trial when charged with a crime
• The right not to be tortured
• The right to education.
15. Human dignity:
• Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and
respected for their own sake, and to be treated
ethically. It is of significance in morality, ethics, law
and politics as an extension of the Enlightenment-era
concepts of inherent, inalienable rights.
• Human dignity refers to the inherent and inalienable
value of every human being which cannot be
destroyed, taken away or measured. It is not
dependent or conditional on anything.
Their dignity does not come from the work they do,
but from the persons they are.
16. Equality:
• When two persons have equal status in at least one
normatively relevant respect, they must be treated equally
with regard to this respect. This is the generally accepted
formal equality principle that Aristotle formulated in
reference to Plato: “treat like cases as like”.
• Equality is about ensuring that every individual has an equal
opportunity to make the most of their lives and talents.
Equality recognizes that historically certain groups of people
with protected characteristics such as race, disability, sex and
sexual orientation have experienced discrimination.
17. Citizenship:
• The citizenship, or civic duty, component refers
to ethical obligations, standards of conduct that
establish minimal requirements of ethical citizenship.
• Civic duties include: Playing by the rules, obeying the
law, and paying all taxes. 'Ethical citizenship' is a
puzzle.
• An ethical citizen should be someone who accepts
responsibilities and duties and acts accordingly. The
identification of responsibility may be difficult. The
ability to discharge it may not exist.
18. Equity:
• Equity means social justice or fairness; it is
an ethical concept, grounded in principles of
distributive justice.
• Equity in health can be and has widely been defined
as the absence of socially unjust or unfair health
disparities.
• In finance, equity is ownership of assets that may
have debts or other liabilities attached to them.
• Equity is measured for accounting purposes by
subtracting liabilities from the value of an asset.
• Equity can apply to a single asset, such as a car or
house, or to an entire business.
19. Justice:
• Justice is a complex ethical principle, with meanings
that range from the fair treatment of individuals to the
equitable allocation of healthcare dollars and resources.
• Justice is a concept of moral right based ethics,
rationality, law, natural law, religion, equity and fairness,
as well as the administration of the law, taking into
account the inalienable and inborn rights of all human
beings and citizens, the right of all people and
individuals to equal protection before the law.
20. Social right:
• Social rights include the rights to an adequate
standard of living, affordable housing, food, education,
an equitable health system, and social security based on
respect, not sanctions. There is evidence that they
improve the lives of individuals and communities.
• Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of
freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the
fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of
people or owed to people according to some legal
system, social convention, or ethical theory.
21. Social responsibility:
• Social responsibility is an ethical theory in which
individuals are accountable for fulfilling their;
civic duty
actions of an individual
must benefit the whole of society.
• In this way, there must be a balance between
economic growth and the welfare of society and
the environment.
22. Natural law:
• Natural law is a theory in ethics and philosophy that
says that human beings possess intrinsic values that
govern our reasoning and behavior. Natural law maintains
that these rules of right and wrong are inherent in people
and are not created by society or court judges.
• Natural law theory is a legal theory that recognizes law
and morality as deeply connected, if not one and the same.
Morality relates to what is right and wrong and what is
good and bad. Natural law theorists believe that human
laws are defined by morality, and not by an authority
figure, like a king or a government.
23. Welfare:
• Welfare is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of
a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter.
• In a welfare state, the State assumes responsibility for the health, education,
and welfare of society, providing a range of social services such as those
described.
24. Moral theories:
There are a number of moral theories:
• Utilitarianism
• Kantianism
• Virtue theory
• Casuistry.
The four principles approach and Utilitarian think
that the point of morality is to maximize the amount of
happiness that we produce from every action.
25. Common good:
• In ordinary political discourse, the “common good”
refers to those facilities whether material, cultural or
institutional that the members of a community provide to
all members in order to fulfill a relational obligation they
all have to care for certain interests that they have in
common
• Examples of particular common goods or parts of the
common good include an accessible and
affordable public health care system, an effective system
of public safety and security, peace among the nations
of the world, a just legal and political system, an
unpolluted natural environment, and a flourishing
economic system
26. Public debate:
• Guide to Public Debate on Human
Rights and Biomedicine era when
emerging technologies have an
increasing impact on our societies.
• Public debate is necessary for the
betterment of social ethics and also
for the best role of ethics in our
society.
27. Right to health:
• Everyone has the right to health. The World
Health Organization defines the right to health
as “a complete state of physical, mental and
social well-being, and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity.” States should ensure
both freedoms and entitlements.
• The right to healthcare is well-established,
encompassing not only the delivery of basic
clinical services but also an environment that
allows good health to flourish. A right can
entail a negative duty, such as not torturing the
person, or a positive duty such as providing
legal representation during a trial.
28. Bio-ethics:
• Bioethics are concerned with the ethical questions
that arise in the relationships among life;
• Sciences
• Biotechnology
• Medicine
• Medical ethics
• Politics
• Law
• Theology and philosophy.
• It includes the study of values relating to primary
care and other branches of medicine.
29. “Ethics also teaches us Kindness”:
• Kindness is also considered a virtue. It is an excellence of character that drives
ethical decisions. People who are kind act that way not for any reward or even
recognition but because it is the right way to behave and the way a person wishes
others would act towards them. It is the essence of The Golden Rule.
• Kind acts include doing favors for others with no expectation of the other
returning the favor. Kind people help others in need. An important aspect of
kindness is random acts of kindness where a good act is done for another at the
spur of the moment. Paying it forward is also a kind act with the hope that those
for whom the act is done will return the favor by doing something kind for
another person. If everyone paid it forward, society would be a lot kinder and we
could bring back civility to society.
30. Importance:
• Ethics serve as a guide to moral daily living
and helps us judge whether our behavior can
be justified. Ethics refers to society's sense
of the right way of living our daily lives. It
does this by establishing rules, principles,
and values on which we can base our
conduct.
• However, there are other types of benefits,
as well. The following list describes various
types of benefits from managing ethics in
the workplace.
31. Purpose of ethics:
• Another purpose of a code of ethics is to provide guidance and set common
ethical standards to promote consistency in behavior across all levels of
employment.
• A code governs the actions and working relationships of board members and top
management with employees and in dealings with other stakeholders.
• Many people are used to reading or hearing of the moral benefits of attention to
business ethics.
• Total Quality Management includes high priority on certain operating values,
e.g., trust among stakeholders, performance, reliability, measurement, and
feedback.
32. How ethics useful for society:
• Right thing to do
• Overall benefits of ethics programs
• Ethics programs promote a strong public image
• Ethics programs help avoid criminal acts “of omission” and can lower fines
• Ethics programs are an insurance policy
• Ethics programs support employee growth and meaning
• Ethics programs cultivate strong teamwork and productivity
• Ethics programs help maintain a moral course in turbulent times
33. How Ethics helps us?
• Ethics programs helps;
Help manage values associated with quality management
Strategic planning
Diversity management
Identify preferred values
Ensuring organizational behaviors
Performance
Reliability
Measurement of ethical values
34. Conclusion:
• In this study, ethics is shown to play an important role in moulding one's
behaviour to identify what is right and wrong to do in a society, as it is a belief
and standard that helps to create a harmonious and conforming environment.