The document provides information on writing formal and informal letters. It discusses the different types of letters, including personal, formal, and semi-formal letters. For personal letters, it suggests including a greeting, introduction, news, and closing when writing to friends and family. For formal letters, it advises considering tone and audience when applying for a job or making a complaint. Overall, the document offers guidance on letter structure, style, and mechanics for different scenarios.

1. TOPIC:
LETTER WRITING

2. PRESENTED BY
 SAJEEL MAZHAR 17451509-005
 JAWERIA AREEJ 17451509-011
 AYESHA ARSHAD 17451509-024
 FATIMA DAR 17451509-029
 SAIRA RIAZ 17451509-031
 MARYAM RANI 17451509-044

3. WHAT IS LETTER???
“A WRITTEN OR
PRINTED
COMMUNICATION
DIRECTED TO A
PERSON OR
ORGANIZATION.”

4. BEFORE WRITING A LETTER
EXAMINE THE TONE OF THE LETTER TO WHICH YOU ARE GOING TO RESPOND.
 IDENTIFY YOUR AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE TYPE OF
LETTER YOU WILL WRITE (FORMAL OR INFORMAL).
 ANALYZE YOUR READER:
 WHO IS YOUR READER?
 WILL MY READER BE FAVORABLE OR UNFAVORABLY DISPOSED TO WHAT I AM
GOING TO SAY?
 WHAT IMPRESSION DO I WANT MY LETTER TO MAKE ON READER?

5. LETTER MECHANICS
PRONOUN:
 THE USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IS IMPORTANT IN LETTERS . . .
I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY, YOU
 IN A LETTER, DO NOT REFER TO YOURSELF IN THE THIRD PERSON
BY USING “THE WRITER”.
 IT IS PERFECTLY NATURAL AND APPROPRIATE TO REFER TO
YOURSELF AS I AND TO THE READER AS YOU.

6. LETTER MECHANICS
 FOCUS AND SPECIFICITY
 BE FOCUSED.
 WRITE CONCISE AND PURPOSEFUL LETTER
 DO NOT WRITE CONFUSED, OVERLONG LETTER.
 DO NOT BE RUDE.
 DO NOT TRY TO IMPRESS WITH YOUR WRITING.
 I.E. PLEASE, VERY ,VERY ,VERY THANK YOU

7. 1. INFORMAL LETTERS:
THESE ARE THE LETTERS WHICH KEEP US IN TOUCH WITH
FAMILY AND FRIENDS. THESE ARE USUALLY CHATTY AND
INFORMAL.
 WHEN WE NEED TO COMMUNICATE A LOT OF
INFORMATION
 WHEN WE WANT TO COMMUNICATE SOMETHING THAT IS
DIFFICULT TO SAY FACE TO FACE
 TO MARK SOME SPECIAL OCCASION.

8. 2. FORMAL LETTERS:
FORMAL LETTERS ARE LETTERS TO PEOPLE WHOM WE
DON’T KNOW ON PERSONAL LEVEL.
 TO FIND OUT INFORMATION
 TO APPLY FOR A JOB
 TO MAKE A COMPLAINT

9. 3. SEMI-FORMAL LETTERS:
WE WRITE SEMI-FORMAL LETTERS TO PEOPLE THAT WE DO NOT KNOW
VERY WELL. COMPARE SOME EXPRESSIONS OF INFORMAL AND SEMI-
FORMAL LETTERS:
 INFORMAL: I'M SORRY, BUT I CAN'T COME ON FRIDAY NIGHT.
 SEMI-FORMAL: I'M AFRAID I WON'T BE ABLE TO COME ON FRIDAY IN
THE EVENING.
 INFORMAL: I DIDN'T LIKE THE FOOD.
 SEMI-FORMAL: I WAS DISSATISFIED WITH THE FOOD.

10. THINGS TO REMEMBER WHILE WRITING
LETTER

11. DECIDE HOW FORMAL YOUR LETTER NEEDS
TO BE:
HOW YOU WRITE THE LETTER WILL DEPEND ON YOUR RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE RECIPIENT.
 IF YOU'RE WRITING TO ANYONE WITH WHOM YOU HOPE TO HAVE A
PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP, THE LETTER
SHOULD BE FORMAL.
 IF YOU'RE WRITING SOMEONE YOU KNOW
VERY WELL, THE LETTER SHOULD
PROBABLY BE INFORMAL.

12. DECIDE WHETHER YOU'LL SEND A
HANDWRITTEN LETTER OR TYPED
THE WAY YOU CHOOSE TO SEND YOUR LETTER ALSO
INDICATES A DEGREE OF FORMALITY.
 MOST FORMAL LETTERS SHOULD BE TYPED AND SENT
THROUGH THE POST.
 FOR INFORMAL LETTERS, AN EMAIL OR HANDWRITTEN
LETTER IS ACCEPTABLE.

13. START WITH A SALUTATION
THE SALUTATION YOU USE WILL DEPEND ON YOUR
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE RECIPIENT OF THE LETTER, AS
WELL AS THE FORMALITY OF THE LETTER.

14. START THE LETTER
 IF YOU'RE WRITING A PERSONAL LETTER, START BY
ASKING AFTER THE RECIPIENT'S WELL-BEING. THIS CAN
BE "I HOPE YOU ARE WELL" OR "HOW'S IT GOING?".
 IF YOU'RE WRITING A BUSINESS OR OTHER FORMAL
LETTER, GET STRAIGHT TO THE POINT.

15. PROOFREAD YOUR LETTER
BEFORE YOU SEND THE LETTER, READ OVER IT A FEW
TIMES TO MAKE SURE IT CONVEYS WHAT YOU
WANTED TO SAY, AND THAT IT'S FREE OF SPELLING OR
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS.

16. USE A COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
A COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE ENDS YOUR LETTER ON A GOOD
NOTE. MAKE TWO HARD RETURNS AFTER THE LAST
PARAGRAPH OF THE LETTER, THEN WRITE THE
COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE.
 "SINCERELY YOURS,"
 "KINDEST REGARDS,"
 "BEST WISHES."

17. TWO MAIN CATEGORIES OF LETTER
PERSONAL LETTERS:
A TYPE OF LETTER (OR INFORMAL COMPOSITION) THAT USUALLY
CONCERNS PERSONAL MATTERS, RATHER THAN PROFESSIONAL
CONCERNS AND IS SENT FROM ONE INDIVIDUAL TO ANOTHER.
BUSINESS LETTERS:
A LETTER WRITTEN IN FORMAL LANGUAGE, USUALLY USED WHEN WRITING
FROM ONE BUSINESS ORGANIZATION TO ANOTHER.

18. PERSONAL LETTER:
IT IS A KIND OF LETTER THAT WE WRITE TO OUR:
 PARENTS
 CLOSE RELATIVES
 CLOSE FRIENDS

19. PURPOSE
 FRIENDLY LETTERS CONVEY PERSONAL
INFORMATION ABOUT OURSELVES.
 THEY SHOW CARING AND CONCERN FOR FRIENDS
AND RELATIONS.
 TAKING THE TIME TO HAND-WRITE A LETTER
DEMONSTRATES OUR LEVEL OF CARING

20. PARTS OF AN PERSONAL (INFORMAL) LETTER
1. MY ADDRESS
2. DATE
3. GREETING
4. INTRODUCTION
5. EXPLANATION
6. CLOSE
7. MY NAME

21. PERSONAL LETTER
EXAMPLE:
WRITE A LETTER TO YOUR FRIEND MONA
TELLING HER ABOUT YOUR VISIT TO
COUNTRYSIDE.

22. PO BOX 999,
KARACHI, PAKISTAN.
18-5-2014
DEAR MONA,
THIS SUMMER WAS GREAT. I TRAVELED TO COUNTRYSIDE WITH MY
FAMILY. FIRST, LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT MY
FLIGHT..................................
THE FIRST DAY WAS WONDERFUL. WE WENT TO LOTS OF
INTERESTING PLACES. FOR EXAMPLE,……………….
SO AS YOU CAN SEE, I REALLY ENJOYED MY VISIT TO COUNTRYSIDE
AND I ……………………
I WILL WRITE AGAIN SOON.
BEST WISHES, ………………

23. THANK YOU