GRAMMAR

1. LET’S SWITCH ON!
UNIT 1

2. VERB TO BE
&
HAVE GOT

3. SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVES SHORT ANSWERS
I WAS WAS NOT / WASN’T WAS I …? YES, I WAS. / NO, I WASN’T.
YOU WERE WERE NOT / WEREN’T WERE YOU …? YES, YOU WERE. / NO, YOU WEREN’T
HE WAS WAS NOT / WASN’T WAS HE …? YES, HE WAS. / NO, HE WASN’T.
SHE WAS WAS NOT / WASN’T WAS SHE …? YES, SHE WAS. /NO, SHE WASN’T.
IT WAS WAS NOT / WASN’T WAS IT …? YES, IT WAS. / NO, IT WASN’T.
WE WERE WERE NOT / WEREN’T WERE WE …? YES, WE WERE. / NO, WE WEREN’T.
YOU WERE WERE NOT / WEREN’T WERE YOU …? YES, YOU WERE. / NO, YOU WEREN’T
THEY WERE WERE NOT / WEREN’T WERE THEY …? YES, THEY WERE. / NO, THEY WEREN’T.
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVES SHORT ANSWERS
I AM / ‘M AM NOT / ‘M NOT AM I …? YES, I AM / NO, I’M NOT
YOU ARE / ‘RE ARE NOT / AREN’T ARE YOU …? YES, YOU ARE / NO, YOU AREN’T
HE IS / ‘S IS NOT / ISN’T IS HE …? YES, HE IS. / NO, HE ISN’T.
SHE IS / ‘S IS NOT / ISN’T IS SHE …? YES, SHE IS. /NO, SHE ISN’T.
IT IS / ‘S IS NOT / ISN’T IS IT …? YES, IT IS. / NO, IT ISN’T.
WE ARE / ‘RE ARE NOT / AREN’T ARE WE …? YES, WE ARE. / NO, WE AREN’T.
YOU ARE / ‘RE ARE NOT / AREN’T ARE YOU …? YES, YOU ARE. / NO, YOU AREN’T
THEY ARE / ‘RE ARE NOT / AREN’T ARE THEY …? YES, THEY ARE. / NO, THEY AREN’T.
VERB TO BE : PRESENT
VERB TO BE : PAST

4. SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVES SHORT ANSWERS
I HAVE GOT / ‘VE GOT HAVE NOT GOT / HAVEN’T GOT HAVE I …? YES, I HAVE./ NO, I HAVEN’T.
YOU HAVE GOT / ‘VE GOT HAVE NOT GOT / HAVEN’T GOT HAVE YOU …? YES, YOU HAVE./ NO, YOU HAVEN’T.
HE HAS GOT / ‘S GOT HAS NOT GOT / HASN’T GOT HAS HE …? YES, HE HAS. / NO, HE HASN’T.
SHE HAS GOT / ‘S GOT HAS NOT GOT / HASN’T GOT HAS SHE …? YES, SHE HAS. /NO, SHE HASN’T.
IT HAS GOT / ‘S GOT HAS NOT GOT / HASN’T GOT HAS IT …? YES, IT HAS. / NO, IT HASN’T.
WE HAVE GOT / ‘VE GOT HAVE NOT GOT / HAVEN’T GOT HAVE WE …? YES, WE HAVE./ NO, WE HAVEN’T.
YOU HAVE GOT / ‘VE GOT HAVE NOT GOT / HAVEN’T GOT HAVE YOU …? YES, YOU HAVE./ NO, YOU HAVEN’T.
THEY HAVE GOT / ‘VE GOT HAVE NOT GOT / HAVEN’T GOT HAVE THEY …? YES, THEY HAVE./ NO,THEY HAVEN’T.
HAVE GOT : PRESENT

5. LIKES & DISLIKES
LIKE / LOVE / HATE / DON’T – DOESN’T MIND
+
VERB-ING
She likes playing football.
They hate studying for the exams.

6. WH-WORDS

7. PRESENT TENSES

8. PRESENT SIMPLE
Uses
•ROUTINES & HABITS: I play football every Saturday
•PERMANENT ACTIONS: The sun rises in the east.
•WITH STATIVE VERBS: He thinks that his proposal is a good one.
STATIVE VERBS:

9. Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic:
Be
be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it means 'behaving' or 'acting'
you are stupid = it's part of your personality
you are being stupid = only now, not usually
Feel
feel (stative) = have an opinion: I feel that Mr. Peters is a good teacher.
I’m feeling a little tired today.
Have
have (stative) = own : I have a car
have (dynamic) = part of an expression : I'm having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break
Look
It looks cold outside
She’s looking out the window
See
see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand : I see what you mean / I see her now, she's just coming along the
road
see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with: I've been seeing my boyfriend for three years
Smell
Something smells bad. What is it?
Anne is smelling the perfume to see if she wants to buy it.
Taste
taste (stative) = has a certain taste : This soup tastes great
taste (dynamic) = the action of tasting : The chef is tasting the soup
('taste' is the same as other similar verbs such as 'smell')
Think
think (stative) = have an opinion: I think that coffee is great
think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head: “what are you thinking about?” “I'm thinking about my next holiday”

10. Time expressions
EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY:
I play tennis_____________
Once / twice / three times... a day / week / month / year…
On Mondays...
Everyday / Every… Monday / August / year / class…
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:
I __________ play tennis.
I don’t ____________ play tennis.
I am _____________ tired.
ALWAYS / USUALLY / OFTEN / SOMETIMES / HARDLY EVER / ALMOST NEVER/
NEVER

11. Structure
(+) VERB / VERB –S / -ES* (3rd person singular = he / she / it)
I play tennis / She dances a lot
* verb finishes in.... –O : go / goES -S: kiss / kissES
-CH: watch / watchES -X: fix / fixES
-SH: wash / washES - Z: buzz / buzzES
* Verb finishes in consonant + y: cry / crIES
BUT ... if a verb finishes in vowel + y: play / playS
(-) DON’T / DOESN’T + VERB
I don’t play tennis / She doesn’t dance a lot
(?) DO / DOES + SUBJECT + VERB...?
Do you play tennis ? Yes , I do / No, I don’t.
Does she dance a lot? Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t.

12. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Uses
•THINGS THAT ARE HAPPENING NOW ( I’m explaining Present Continuous)
•TEMPORARY THINGS (I’m living in Lleida, only this summer)
•FUTURE PLANS (I’m having dinner with Joe next Friday)
Time expressions
NOW / RIGHT NOW / AT THE MOMENT / THIS MOMENT
TONIGHT
TODAY
THIS YEAR
AT PRESENT / PRESENTLY
TOMORROW / NEXT WEEK
You aren’t listening to me now.

13. Structure
VERB TO BE + VERB-ING Yo estoy cantando = I am singing
He is singing They are listening.
He isn’t singing They aren’t listening
Is he singing? Yes , he is / No he isn’t
Are they listening? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t.
SPELLING – ING:
1)Verbs which end in –e : the –e disappears
Write : writeing / writING
2)Verbs which end in –y
Play: playING
Cry: cryING
3)Verbs which end in CONS + VOW + CONS (tonic syllable)
Stop: stoPPING Cut: cuTTING