The document discusses the nervous and endocrine systems, detailing the types of neurons, neural circuits, and brain structures. It highlights the differences between the nervous and endocrine systems in terms of signaling and response times. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of human body systems and their functions.

1. Nervous and
Endocrine SystemBy: Mr. Nikko Lorenz Lawsin

2. For you to do: Memory Game
Study the following objects for 10 minutes. Then turn to the
next slide.

3. Check all the objects you found on previous slide without looking back.

4. How smart is Your Right Foot?
This is a funny activity. It will boggle your mind. Try it
while sitting at your desk.
1.Lift your right foot off the floor.
2.Rotate it in circles CLOCKWISE many times.
3.While doing this, draw the number “6” in the air with
your RIGHT finger. What happens? Has your foot
changed in direction?
Why?______________________________

6. Nervous Tissues

7. Kinds of Neurons
Sensory / Afferent Neuron – transmit impulses from
receptors (parts that receive stimuli) to Central
Nervous System (CNS).
Associating / Interneuron – transmits impulses
from sensory to motor neurons (within CNS)
Motor / Efferent Neuron – transmits impulses from
CNS to effectors (parts that exhibits response or
reaction to stimuli).

8. Kinds of Nerve FibersMyelinated – covered with myelin sheath, an adipose tissue which
protects nerve fibers.
Non-myelinated – does not covered by myelin sheath

9. Gray Matter – non myelinated
(important in decision making)
White Matter – myelinated (important in
immediate response)
Reflexes that require immediate
response is processed in spinal cord.

11. GliaNumerous cells of the Nervous System with specific functions

12. Types of Neural Circuit

13. 1.Convergent – impulses coming from
different sources moves in the same neurons

14. 2. Divergent – impulses moves either in the same or
multiple pathways in transmitted in different neurons.

15. 3. Oscillation/Reverberation – it is the
circumnavigation of impulses among neurons.

16. 4. Parallel after-discharge – consists both of convergent
and divergent circuit. It involves during complex mental
processes.

17. Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS) where
integration takes place; this includes the brain
and a nerve cord.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS), which brings
information into and out of the CNS.

18. Nervous System

19. Survey of Nervous System

20. Survey of Nervous System

21. Invertebrates usually have a ventral nerve cord while
vertebrates have a dorsal spinal cord.

22. The central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of
the brain are hollow and filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
The cerebrospinal fluid is filtered from blood and functions
to cushion the brain and spinal cord.

23. Human Brain

24. Cerebrum• The cerebrum has right and left
cerebral hemispheres both
perform complex processes.

26. Generating
words
Max
Speaking
words
Hearing
words
Seeing
words
Min

27. Diencephalon Epithalamus includes the pineal
gland and generates cerebrospinal
fluid from blood.
 Thalamus is the main input center
for sensory information to the
cerebrum and the main output
center for motor information leaving
the cerebrum.
 Hypothalamus regulates
homeostasis and basic survival
behaviors such as feeding, fighting,
fleeing, and reproducing.

28. Brainstem midbrain contains centers for
receipt and integration of
sensory information.
 pons regulates breathing
centers in the medulla.
 medulla oblongata contains
centers that control several
functions including breathing,
cardiovascular activity,
swallowing, vomiting, and
digestion.

30. Cerebellum The cerebellum is important
for coordination and error
checking during motor,
perceptual, and cognitive
functions.
 It is also involved in learning
and remembering motor
skills.

31. 1
2
3
4

33. Nervous System
• Cranial nerves originate
in the brain and mostly
terminate in organs of
the head and upper
body.

35. Nervous System
• Spinal nerves originate in the
spinal cord and extend to
parts of the body below the
head.

36. Endocrine SystemAllows secretion of hormones, chemical signals that
are secreted into the circulatory system and
communicate regulatory messages within the body.
Hormones reach all parts of the body, but only
target cells are equipped to respond.
Secreted chemical signals include Hormones, Local
regulators, Neurotransmitters, Neurohormones,
Pheromones
Review: Endocrine vs. Exocrine

39. To decrease blood sugar
INSULIN
To increase blood sugar
GLUCAGON
NORMAL RANGE

40. Points of Difference Nervous System Endocrine System
Types of Control Mechanical
(Neurotransmitters)
Chemical
(Hormones)
Respond Faster and brief Slower but long-lasting
Carried by Nerve cells Blood
Message sent to Specific cell or
tissue
Throughout the body
Received by Effector (Target
tissue or organ)
Target Organ
Comparison of Nervous and Endocrine

41. Summary of Body System
ENDOCRINE
DIGESTIVE
CIRCULATORY
NERVOUS
RESPIRATORY
URINARY
LYMPHATIC
REPRODUCTIVE
MUSCULAR
SKELETAL
INTEGUMENTARY
(frog)