This document provides instructions on how to start an LED manufacturing business. It discusses why LED manufacturing is worthwhile due to advantages over traditional lighting like longer lifespan. It outlines the key steps to starting an LED business like obtaining certifications, licenses, permits and registering the business. It also discusses the machinery, materials, facilities and financing required. Finally, it provides an overview of the LED manufacturing process and future risks to consider in the growing but complex LED lighting market.
LEDs work by converting electrical energy into light when a current is passed through a semiconductor chip. The chip contains a junction between a p-type and n-type material that emits photons when electrons recombine after moving across the junction. LEDs are used widely in applications like lighting, mobile devices, signs, and sensors due to benefits like energy efficiency, durability, and long lifetime. They come in various colors depending on the material used and chip design.
The presentation introduces light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. LEDs convert electrical energy to light and have benefits including high efficiency, dimming ability, slim design, long lifespan, and lower power consumption compared to other lighting technologies. However, LEDs can be more expensive initially and their color may shift with age and temperature. The presentation provides examples of LED applications in sensors, signs, signals, and mobile devices and concludes they are a very low energy light source that can last over 50,000 hours.
This internship report summarizes the intern's work at Prime Vision Automation Solutions Pvt. Ltd. studying their solar power plant and solar energy systems. The intern learned about different types of solar cells and solar collectors used to harness solar radiation. They explored applications of solar energy including power plants, homes, commercial uses, and more. The report discusses supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems used to automate and monitor electrical power systems like solar plants. In conclusion, the intern emphasizes the benefits of solar power for India and the importance of increasing automation.
This document describes an automatic solar street light system. The system uses solar panels to charge batteries during the day which power LED street lights at night. It uses light dependent resistors (LDRs) and a charging controller circuit to switch between solar and conventional power sources depending on available light. The system aims to provide energy-efficient, low-maintenance street lighting using renewable solar power to reduce pollution and global warming.
Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are a type of thin, lightweight LED that uses organic compounds that emit light in response to an electric current. OLEDs can be used for displays and solid state lighting applications. They have advantages over LCDs like being thinner, lighter, achieving higher contrast, and not requiring backlighting. OLEDs operate by using organic material layers, including an emissive layer, between an anode and cathode. When an electron and hole pair recombine in the emissive layer, a photon is released, emitting light. Research is focused on improving the lifetime of blue organic films and reducing production costs.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductors that emit light when electrically biased in the forward direction. LEDs come in various colors like red, blue, green, and white. They function by converting electrical energy to light energy and are used as indicator lights. The brightness of an LED is controlled by regulating the current through it using a series resistor. Too little current and the LED will be dim or off, too much and it can be destroyed. LEDs have a specific forward voltage and maximum current rating. When forward biased above the voltage, electrons combine with holes in the semiconductor, emitting photons that produce the light.
Cells and batteries produce electricity through chemical reactions. Primary cells like zinc-carbon and alkaline cells are disposable, while secondary cells like lead-acid batteries can be recharged. Zinc-carbon cells use zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes with a paste electrolyte, producing 1.5 volts. Alkaline cells last longer with zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte. Fuel cells like alkaline fuel cells continuously supply reactants to produce electricity, avoiding energy losses of power stations. Fuel cells may power vehicles as an alternative to combustion engines.
This document provides instructions on how to start an LED manufacturing business. It discusses why LED manufacturing is worthwhile due to advantages over traditional lighting like longer lifespan. It outlines the key steps to starting an LED business like obtaining certifications, licenses, permits and registering the business. It also discusses the machinery, materials, facilities and financing required. Finally, it provides an overview of the LED manufacturing process and future risks to consider in the growing but complex LED lighting market.
LEDs work by converting electrical energy into light when a current is passed through a semiconductor chip. The chip contains a junction between a p-type and n-type material that emits photons when electrons recombine after moving across the junction. LEDs are used widely in applications like lighting, mobile devices, signs, and sensors due to benefits like energy efficiency, durability, and long lifetime. They come in various colors depending on the material used and chip design.
The presentation introduces light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. LEDs convert electrical energy to light and have benefits including high efficiency, dimming ability, slim design, long lifespan, and lower power consumption compared to other lighting technologies. However, LEDs can be more expensive initially and their color may shift with age and temperature. The presentation provides examples of LED applications in sensors, signs, signals, and mobile devices and concludes they are a very low energy light source that can last over 50,000 hours.
This internship report summarizes the intern's work at Prime Vision Automation Solutions Pvt. Ltd. studying their solar power plant and solar energy systems. The intern learned about different types of solar cells and solar collectors used to harness solar radiation. They explored applications of solar energy including power plants, homes, commercial uses, and more. The report discusses supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems used to automate and monitor electrical power systems like solar plants. In conclusion, the intern emphasizes the benefits of solar power for India and the importance of increasing automation.
This document describes an automatic solar street light system. The system uses solar panels to charge batteries during the day which power LED street lights at night. It uses light dependent resistors (LDRs) and a charging controller circuit to switch between solar and conventional power sources depending on available light. The system aims to provide energy-efficient, low-maintenance street lighting using renewable solar power to reduce pollution and global warming.
Organic LEDs (OLEDs) are a type of thin, lightweight LED that uses organic compounds that emit light in response to an electric current. OLEDs can be used for displays and solid state lighting applications. They have advantages over LCDs like being thinner, lighter, achieving higher contrast, and not requiring backlighting. OLEDs operate by using organic material layers, including an emissive layer, between an anode and cathode. When an electron and hole pair recombine in the emissive layer, a photon is released, emitting light. Research is focused on improving the lifetime of blue organic films and reducing production costs.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are semiconductors that emit light when electrically biased in the forward direction. LEDs come in various colors like red, blue, green, and white. They function by converting electrical energy to light energy and are used as indicator lights. The brightness of an LED is controlled by regulating the current through it using a series resistor. Too little current and the LED will be dim or off, too much and it can be destroyed. LEDs have a specific forward voltage and maximum current rating. When forward biased above the voltage, electrons combine with holes in the semiconductor, emitting photons that produce the light.
Cells and batteries produce electricity through chemical reactions. Primary cells like zinc-carbon and alkaline cells are disposable, while secondary cells like lead-acid batteries can be recharged. Zinc-carbon cells use zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes with a paste electrolyte, producing 1.5 volts. Alkaline cells last longer with zinc and manganese dioxide electrodes in an alkaline electrolyte. Fuel cells like alkaline fuel cells continuously supply reactants to produce electricity, avoiding energy losses of power stations. Fuel cells may power vehicles as an alternative to combustion engines.
Final project report on Solar street light Darshil Shah
The document describes a project report for a solar powered LED street light with automatic intensity control. It includes a functional block diagram and explanations of the components, including a solar panel, charge controller circuit, rechargeable battery, voltage divider circuit, and Arduino UNO microcontroller. It also covers the software implementation through simulations of the charge controller and voltage divider circuits. The coding for the real time clock and PWM in Arduino is shown. The hardware implementation, operation, and testing are described as well. Intensity levels are controlled at different times of day and night based on readings from the real time clock.
According to the document:
1) LED lighting is being widely adopted in India, with plans to deploy 770 million LED bulbs and 35 million streetlights by 2019 to replace conventional lights for energy savings.
2) LED lighting uses less energy and provides longer lifespan than traditional incandescent bulbs. The installation of LED streetlights across India has already saved 295 million kWh of energy annually.
3) Emerging LED lighting technologies include smart connected lights, reduced component counts, improved lumen output using chip scale packaging, and driverless low voltage direct current systems to further reduce energy losses during conversion.
I have made a project Dual Axis Solar Tracker using Arduino to align the solar panel towards the higher density of Sun light. I have used a ATMEGA168 controller IC for programming, and two servo motor for movement of solar panel. It was now also available on EngineersGarage having the link- http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/how-to-make-a-solar-tracker. Check this out as well.
Introduction to Surface Mount TechnologyABDUL MUNAFF
Surface Mount Technology (SMT) refers to a specific type of electronics assembly where electronic components are attached to the surface of a substrate (typically a printed circuit board).
SMT is a modern alternative to traditional thru-hole technology where components are attached to substrates by leads that passed through holes in the PCB.
Surface Mount components require less space so SMT is helpful in product miniaturization.
SMT Overview
SMT V/S THROUGH HOLE
Basic SMT process flow
Equipments used SMT Assembly
Through Hole Assembly & Soldering
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
RoHS
The document summarizes information about light emitting diodes (LEDs). It discusses the introduction and history of LEDs, the different types of LEDs, how LEDs work by emitting light when electrons and holes recombine across the p-n junction, the advantages of LEDs like long life and energy efficiency, some disadvantages like high cost and sensitivity to heat, and common uses of LEDs in entertainment, signage, lighting and more. It concludes by thanking the audience and listing sources for further information.
Solar cell is the device that converts energy of light directly into electrical energy (electricity) by photovoltaic effect In general, a solar cell that includes both solar and non solar sources of light
(such as photons from incandescent bulbs) is termed a photovoltaic cell. Solar cell is also know as photovoltaic cell
Most familiar solar cells are based on the effect
of photovoltaic In this effect, light falling on semiconductor device of the two layer produces a potential difference or photo voltage between the layers The voltage thus produced can drive a current through an external circuit producing useful work
NTPC has potential to develop roof-top solar power on its buildings and townships. India has ambitious renewable energy targets of 175 GW by 2022, up from the current 19.5 GW of solar installed. Roof-top solar is promising for NTPC as it does not require additional land, has lower transmission losses, and provides opportunities to supply surplus power to the grid or charge electric vehicles. NTPC should leverage its assets and expertise to capture more of India's fast growing renewable energy market.
This document discusses solar panels and inverters. It begins by listing the team members and then provides information about how solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and converting it to electrical current. The history of solar panels is briefly discussed, mentioning key inventors. The document focuses on inverters, explaining the different types and how they convert direct current from solar panels to alternating current. It provides examples and diagrams of inverters and discusses their operation and advantages over conventional solar panel systems. Finally, it outlines some advantages and disadvantages of solar panels.
The document discusses solar energy and solar panels. It begins by defining solar energy as energy originating from thermonuclear fusion reactions in the sun. It then discusses how solar energy can be used to generate electricity through thermal solar or photovoltaic methods. The remainder of the document focuses on photovoltaics, explaining how solar panels work to convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. It describes the components and manufacturing of different types of solar panels, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film technologies. It concludes by outlining the specifications that characterize solar panels.
Government of India is aiming towards a capacity of about 100,000 MW to come from Solar Energy by the year 2022. This includes a capacity of 40,000 MW to come up on the rooftops of various buildings and houses spread throughout the country. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy sources is looking for training about 50,000 Suryamitra in next 3 years Considering the huge technically trained manpower requirement to meet this ambitious goal, Skill Council for Green Jobs is targeting a special skilling course on Solar PV Installer with the name called Suryamitra. The Solar PV Installer (Suryamitra) would be specialised for mechanical, civil and electrical installations of rooftop Solar Photovoltaic systems as well as maintaining them.
This Participant book is designed to enable theoretical and practical training on Rooftop Solar PV Installation, Operation and Maintenance as per Solar PV Installer (Suryamitra) Qualification Pack, SGJ/Q0101 and is available for free download at www.sscgj.in.
This book is designed considering the minimum education qualification of Suryamitra to be ITI/Diploma. However, as part this book, efforts have been made to revise their knowledge of electrical and civil concepts required for this job. The contents of this book are in simple language, without going into too much theoretical details and calculations. It is envisaged that this training manual will provide the participants with the knowledge and skills required for installing and maintaining a rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System, complying with all applicable codes, standards, and safety requirements; and enable them to actively participate in the growing solar rooftop market.
Presentation slides used during the outreach program with Si Ling Secondary School. Look through the slides to get a better idea of what are covering during the lesson itself and what to expect from the lesson. The LED Cube can be programmed with simple instructions from Arduino, easily understood because its syntax is similar to that of English. Join us for an amazing class on electronics and we are sure it will change your mind about electronics engineering after which. Find out more, drop us an email at ong_siok_bie@ite.edu.sg
Proudly presented by ITE College West EC Department
Sun trackin solar panel with auto dust cleaning systemsachin kumar
This document is a project report on the development of a sun tracking solar panel system with an automatic dust cleaning mechanism. It includes sections on the introduction, objectives, methodology, components, working, efficiency analysis and conclusions of the system. The system aims to increase the efficiency of solar panels by enabling them to constantly track the sun's movement and removing dust to maximize energy collection. It uses light sensors and motors to adjust the panel orientation and a cleaning arm activated by a motor and controller to remove dust periodically.
The document is a product brochure for a solar street light system from Suzhou Yinhe Illumination Equipment Co. It includes:
- A brief introduction to solar street lights and how they work using solar energy to power LED lights for 8-10 hours per day.
- Descriptions of the key product features like energy savings, low installation and maintenance costs, and applicability for remote areas.
- Specifications and details for the system components including the solar panels, batteries, LED lights, and intelligent controller.
- Information on customizing the system configuration and components to best suit different projects and locations.
Solar street lights consist of 5 main parts: solar panel, lighting fixture, rechargeable battery, controller, and pole. Solar panels convert solar energy to electricity which charges the battery during the day. The battery then powers an LED lamp in the lighting fixture at night. Controller regulates charging and lighting. Solar street lights were installed in the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in India to provide lighting while reducing costs and maintenance compared to grid-connected street lights.
The document describes a major project report on creating an 8x8x8 LED cube. It includes an introduction, theory, list of hardware and materials used, circuit diagram, assembly instructions, programming, and conclusions. The project involved an AVR microcontroller, latch and decoder ICs, LEDs, resistors, and other components to create an 8x8x8 LED cube that can be programmed to display patterns. The report discusses the assembly, wiring, programming challenges faced and future applications of LED lighting.
Automatic solar tracker is a system which helps to boost the energy production of solar panel. The whole system even does not need any external power source,
This circuit uses 10 LEDs of different colors (red, orange, green) to indicate the battery level of a device based on the number of LEDs that are glowing. It uses a single LM3914 comparator IC to divide the battery voltage into 10 levels and light the corresponding LED. The user can calibrate the circuit by adjusting potentiometers to match the LEDs to voltage levels, allowing it to display the approximate battery capacity remaining as a percentage. Assembling the circuit on a PCB allows it to provide a simple visual battery level indicator for testing batteries.
This presentation introduces a DC power supply circuit. It is presented by 5 students and contains sections on introduction, how it works, equipment used, circuit diagram, and conclusion. The document explains that AC power is generated and distributed but most electronics require DC. It then outlines the process of how AC power is stepped down by a transformer, rectified by diodes, filtered by a capacitor, and used to power an LED load through a resistor. The equipment used is listed along with images of the components. The circuit diagram shows how the components are connected to convert AC to DC power. In conclusion, the designed power supply provides an affordable alternative to more expensive supplies while keeping the design simple.
30 efficient online marketing tips for led lighting industry to increase cust...Social Bubble
The document provides 30 tips for social media marketing and content marketing. Some of the key tips include sharing fun memes and content, conducting an audit of existing content, creating useful tools for audiences, using various social media platforms like Pinterest and Vine as marketing tools, writing unique and high-quality content, and using visual elements, infographics, charts and graphs in content. It also recommends tactics like creating viral videos, curating quality content from others, interviewing industry experts, using webinars and eBooks, and starting an online newspaper or podcast.
This document compares different types of lighting sources, including LED, incandescent, fluorescent, sodium vapor, and metal halide lamps. It discusses their working principles, efficiencies, color temperatures, lifetimes, and applications. The key points are:
1. LED lamps have the highest efficacy ranging from 45-150 lumens/watt and longest lifetime of 25,000-30,000 hours. They produce light through electroluminescence and are directional, compact, and resistant to breaking and vibration.
2. Fluorescent lamps have efficacies of 80-90 lumens/watt and lifetimes of 7,000-15,000 hours. They work by passing electricity through gases to
Final project report on Solar street light Darshil Shah
The document describes a project report for a solar powered LED street light with automatic intensity control. It includes a functional block diagram and explanations of the components, including a solar panel, charge controller circuit, rechargeable battery, voltage divider circuit, and Arduino UNO microcontroller. It also covers the software implementation through simulations of the charge controller and voltage divider circuits. The coding for the real time clock and PWM in Arduino is shown. The hardware implementation, operation, and testing are described as well. Intensity levels are controlled at different times of day and night based on readings from the real time clock.
According to the document:
1) LED lighting is being widely adopted in India, with plans to deploy 770 million LED bulbs and 35 million streetlights by 2019 to replace conventional lights for energy savings.
2) LED lighting uses less energy and provides longer lifespan than traditional incandescent bulbs. The installation of LED streetlights across India has already saved 295 million kWh of energy annually.
3) Emerging LED lighting technologies include smart connected lights, reduced component counts, improved lumen output using chip scale packaging, and driverless low voltage direct current systems to further reduce energy losses during conversion.
I have made a project Dual Axis Solar Tracker using Arduino to align the solar panel towards the higher density of Sun light. I have used a ATMEGA168 controller IC for programming, and two servo motor for movement of solar panel. It was now also available on EngineersGarage having the link- http://www.engineersgarage.com/contribution/how-to-make-a-solar-tracker. Check this out as well.
Introduction to Surface Mount TechnologyABDUL MUNAFF
Surface Mount Technology (SMT) refers to a specific type of electronics assembly where electronic components are attached to the surface of a substrate (typically a printed circuit board).
SMT is a modern alternative to traditional thru-hole technology where components are attached to substrates by leads that passed through holes in the PCB.
Surface Mount components require less space so SMT is helpful in product miniaturization.
SMT Overview
SMT V/S THROUGH HOLE
Basic SMT process flow
Equipments used SMT Assembly
Through Hole Assembly & Soldering
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
RoHS
The document summarizes information about light emitting diodes (LEDs). It discusses the introduction and history of LEDs, the different types of LEDs, how LEDs work by emitting light when electrons and holes recombine across the p-n junction, the advantages of LEDs like long life and energy efficiency, some disadvantages like high cost and sensitivity to heat, and common uses of LEDs in entertainment, signage, lighting and more. It concludes by thanking the audience and listing sources for further information.
Solar cell is the device that converts energy of light directly into electrical energy (electricity) by photovoltaic effect In general, a solar cell that includes both solar and non solar sources of light
(such as photons from incandescent bulbs) is termed a photovoltaic cell. Solar cell is also know as photovoltaic cell
Most familiar solar cells are based on the effect
of photovoltaic In this effect, light falling on semiconductor device of the two layer produces a potential difference or photo voltage between the layers The voltage thus produced can drive a current through an external circuit producing useful work
NTPC has potential to develop roof-top solar power on its buildings and townships. India has ambitious renewable energy targets of 175 GW by 2022, up from the current 19.5 GW of solar installed. Roof-top solar is promising for NTPC as it does not require additional land, has lower transmission losses, and provides opportunities to supply surplus power to the grid or charge electric vehicles. NTPC should leverage its assets and expertise to capture more of India's fast growing renewable energy market.
This document discusses solar panels and inverters. It begins by listing the team members and then provides information about how solar panels work by absorbing sunlight and converting it to electrical current. The history of solar panels is briefly discussed, mentioning key inventors. The document focuses on inverters, explaining the different types and how they convert direct current from solar panels to alternating current. It provides examples and diagrams of inverters and discusses their operation and advantages over conventional solar panel systems. Finally, it outlines some advantages and disadvantages of solar panels.
The document discusses solar energy and solar panels. It begins by defining solar energy as energy originating from thermonuclear fusion reactions in the sun. It then discusses how solar energy can be used to generate electricity through thermal solar or photovoltaic methods. The remainder of the document focuses on photovoltaics, explaining how solar panels work to convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. It describes the components and manufacturing of different types of solar panels, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film technologies. It concludes by outlining the specifications that characterize solar panels.
Government of India is aiming towards a capacity of about 100,000 MW to come from Solar Energy by the year 2022. This includes a capacity of 40,000 MW to come up on the rooftops of various buildings and houses spread throughout the country. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy sources is looking for training about 50,000 Suryamitra in next 3 years Considering the huge technically trained manpower requirement to meet this ambitious goal, Skill Council for Green Jobs is targeting a special skilling course on Solar PV Installer with the name called Suryamitra. The Solar PV Installer (Suryamitra) would be specialised for mechanical, civil and electrical installations of rooftop Solar Photovoltaic systems as well as maintaining them.
This Participant book is designed to enable theoretical and practical training on Rooftop Solar PV Installation, Operation and Maintenance as per Solar PV Installer (Suryamitra) Qualification Pack, SGJ/Q0101 and is available for free download at www.sscgj.in.
This book is designed considering the minimum education qualification of Suryamitra to be ITI/Diploma. However, as part this book, efforts have been made to revise their knowledge of electrical and civil concepts required for this job. The contents of this book are in simple language, without going into too much theoretical details and calculations. It is envisaged that this training manual will provide the participants with the knowledge and skills required for installing and maintaining a rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System, complying with all applicable codes, standards, and safety requirements; and enable them to actively participate in the growing solar rooftop market.
Presentation slides used during the outreach program with Si Ling Secondary School. Look through the slides to get a better idea of what are covering during the lesson itself and what to expect from the lesson. The LED Cube can be programmed with simple instructions from Arduino, easily understood because its syntax is similar to that of English. Join us for an amazing class on electronics and we are sure it will change your mind about electronics engineering after which. Find out more, drop us an email at ong_siok_bie@ite.edu.sg
Proudly presented by ITE College West EC Department
Sun trackin solar panel with auto dust cleaning systemsachin kumar
This document is a project report on the development of a sun tracking solar panel system with an automatic dust cleaning mechanism. It includes sections on the introduction, objectives, methodology, components, working, efficiency analysis and conclusions of the system. The system aims to increase the efficiency of solar panels by enabling them to constantly track the sun's movement and removing dust to maximize energy collection. It uses light sensors and motors to adjust the panel orientation and a cleaning arm activated by a motor and controller to remove dust periodically.
The document is a product brochure for a solar street light system from Suzhou Yinhe Illumination Equipment Co. It includes:
- A brief introduction to solar street lights and how they work using solar energy to power LED lights for 8-10 hours per day.
- Descriptions of the key product features like energy savings, low installation and maintenance costs, and applicability for remote areas.
- Specifications and details for the system components including the solar panels, batteries, LED lights, and intelligent controller.
- Information on customizing the system configuration and components to best suit different projects and locations.
Solar street lights consist of 5 main parts: solar panel, lighting fixture, rechargeable battery, controller, and pole. Solar panels convert solar energy to electricity which charges the battery during the day. The battery then powers an LED lamp in the lighting fixture at night. Controller regulates charging and lighting. Solar street lights were installed in the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve in India to provide lighting while reducing costs and maintenance compared to grid-connected street lights.
The document describes a major project report on creating an 8x8x8 LED cube. It includes an introduction, theory, list of hardware and materials used, circuit diagram, assembly instructions, programming, and conclusions. The project involved an AVR microcontroller, latch and decoder ICs, LEDs, resistors, and other components to create an 8x8x8 LED cube that can be programmed to display patterns. The report discusses the assembly, wiring, programming challenges faced and future applications of LED lighting.
Automatic solar tracker is a system which helps to boost the energy production of solar panel. The whole system even does not need any external power source,
This circuit uses 10 LEDs of different colors (red, orange, green) to indicate the battery level of a device based on the number of LEDs that are glowing. It uses a single LM3914 comparator IC to divide the battery voltage into 10 levels and light the corresponding LED. The user can calibrate the circuit by adjusting potentiometers to match the LEDs to voltage levels, allowing it to display the approximate battery capacity remaining as a percentage. Assembling the circuit on a PCB allows it to provide a simple visual battery level indicator for testing batteries.
This presentation introduces a DC power supply circuit. It is presented by 5 students and contains sections on introduction, how it works, equipment used, circuit diagram, and conclusion. The document explains that AC power is generated and distributed but most electronics require DC. It then outlines the process of how AC power is stepped down by a transformer, rectified by diodes, filtered by a capacitor, and used to power an LED load through a resistor. The equipment used is listed along with images of the components. The circuit diagram shows how the components are connected to convert AC to DC power. In conclusion, the designed power supply provides an affordable alternative to more expensive supplies while keeping the design simple.
30 efficient online marketing tips for led lighting industry to increase cust...Social Bubble
The document provides 30 tips for social media marketing and content marketing. Some of the key tips include sharing fun memes and content, conducting an audit of existing content, creating useful tools for audiences, using various social media platforms like Pinterest and Vine as marketing tools, writing unique and high-quality content, and using visual elements, infographics, charts and graphs in content. It also recommends tactics like creating viral videos, curating quality content from others, interviewing industry experts, using webinars and eBooks, and starting an online newspaper or podcast.
This document compares different types of lighting sources, including LED, incandescent, fluorescent, sodium vapor, and metal halide lamps. It discusses their working principles, efficiencies, color temperatures, lifetimes, and applications. The key points are:
1. LED lamps have the highest efficacy ranging from 45-150 lumens/watt and longest lifetime of 25,000-30,000 hours. They produce light through electroluminescence and are directional, compact, and resistant to breaking and vibration.
2. Fluorescent lamps have efficacies of 80-90 lumens/watt and lifetimes of 7,000-15,000 hours. They work by passing electricity through gases to
LeuchTek is a lighting company that produces and markets LED lighting products. The document provides background on LED lighting technology, highlighting its advantages over traditional lighting like long life, high efficiency, small size, and short reaction time. It then gives an overview of LeuchTek's product portfolio, which includes 3W to 200W spot lights, day lighting bulbs, and discrete LED chips. The document also lists the company's strengths in offering high-power LED products at competitive prices and with patented designs.
MHT Lighting provides indoor and outdoor LED lighting solutions. They have manufacturing facilities on the east and west coasts of the US and have been in business since 2006. They work with all types and sizes of customers, including on over 30 military base projects. MHT prides itself on high quality manufacturing processes, reliable products, and knowledgeable support personnel. Their lighting fixtures meet various industry standards and certification requirements.
Philips Lighting has a dominant market share in India's lighting industry and sees digital strategy as important for future growth. Currently, Philips has an informative website and active social media presence. Past campaigns like lighting up landmarks and a music video have been successful at generating engagement. However, the document recommends developing a more comprehensive digital content strategy across platforms with more innovative campaigns. Suggestions include topical social media videos, LED billboards, digital promotions of other products, and an India-specific blog. A cohesive long-term strategy is needed to better promote products like LED lighting and maximize Philips' digital opportunities for growth in India.
The document provides a business plan for Gravity Light, a company that produces gravity-powered lights. Key points:
- Gravity Light's product generates light by pulling a 3-5 kg weight for 3 seconds to power the light for 60 minutes.
- The business plan outlines Gravity Light's industry analysis, production and operations plans, marketing strategy, organizational structure, risk assessment, and financial projections.
- Gravity Light plans to target lower and middle income individuals in rural areas experiencing electricity shortages with its inexpensive, low-maintenance lighting solution. It expects to face challenges introducing a new product concept and will spend heavily on promotion.
The document discusses green strategies and environmental sustainability in business. It begins by defining a green strategy as having a positive environmental impact while complementing existing business strategies. It then discusses the evolution of green consumerism and environmental regulations. Various models for determining a company's green position are presented. The core pressures model identifies three main pressures driving green strategies: cost cutting, CSR, and legal. It also discusses centralization vs decentralization of environmental decision making. Factors for a successful triple bottom line model include community, environment, financial, supportability, practicality, and economics. Case studies of specific companies' green strategies in different industries are provided. The conclusion emphasizes that a comprehensive approach considering all stakeholders leads to true sustainability.
Philips is a Dutch multinational conglomerate founded in 1891 headquartered in Amsterdam. In 2011, Philips reported sales of €22.6 billion and employed 122,000 people worldwide across its three main divisions of Healthcare, Consumer Lifestyle, and Lighting. Philips' mission is to improve people's lives through meaningful innovation in health technology and sustainable solutions.
Philips is acquiring Agilent's 47% stake in Lumileds, increasing its ownership to 96.5% for approximately $950 million. This acquisition will help Philips expand its presence in the high-growth LED market and solidify its leadership position. Lumileds is a leader in high-power LEDs and has shown strong annual growth and profitability. The deal will allow Philips to be involved in all stages of the LED value chain from chip production to final luminaires.
Royal Philips Electronics is a Dutch multinational conglomerate founded in 1891. Headquartered in Amsterdam, Philips has diversified operations in healthcare, lighting, and consumer electronics. In 2014, Philips reported revenues of €21.39 billion from its 105,365 employees across more than 60 countries. Philips has undergone restructuring initiatives to address financial struggles and shift to a more technology-focused brand known for innovation in areas like lighting solutions, healthcare equipment, and male grooming products.
This document provides an overview of LED technology, including its history, types, and benefits. It discusses the development of LEDs from red lights in the 1960s to modern high-brightness blue and white LEDs. Key developments include the invention of high-brightness blue LEDs in the 1990s, which enabled the production of white LEDs through phosphor coating and advanced lighting applications. The document also describes the inner workings of LEDs, comparing their efficiency and lifetime to other light sources, and provides details on connecting, soldering and testing LED circuits.
This presentation outlines a final marketing report for Principles of Marketing at Pepperdine University, and reflects the findings of our strategic marketing plan for the Phillips Hue LED lightbulb. The Phillips Hue LED lightbulb gives the consumer the ability to connect their smartphone with any standard-socket indoor lighting system. Our report focused primarily on a marketing strategy targeted towards high end hotels. This report was very well received by our honorable marketing instructor, Professor Frank Sadighian. While the report content is the result of a collaborative effort with three of my classmates, I was responsible for the PowerPoint composition.
The document presents a marketing strategy for Philips' Solar+LED product. It includes a BCG matrix analysis, PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, segmentation, targeting, positioning (STP) analysis. It proposes a product mix and discusses the 4P's - Product, Price, Place, Promotion. The strategy aims to target the growing energy efficient market in India by leveraging government policies, offering competitive products, and promoting environmental and social benefits.
Royal Philips Electronics is a Dutch diversified technology company founded in 1891. It has major divisions in consumer electronics, medical systems, lighting, and domestic appliances. Philips aims to be a global leader in health and well-being through meaningful innovations that simplify people's lives. Some of its iconic products include light bulbs, electric razors, and flat screen TVs. Philips spends heavily on R&D and aims to strengthen its brand through initiatives like its "Sense and Simplicity" tagline and Green Product certification. It faces opportunities from trends like sustainability but also threats from intense competition and economic challenges.
Light travels in straight lines and can be reflected or refracted. There are three types of materials: transparent, translucent, and opaque. Shadows are formed when an object blocks light. The length and shape of a shadow depends on the position of the light source and object. An experiment was conducted to determine which material - transparent plastic, tissue paper, or black paper - makes the darkest shadow. Black paper produced the darkest shadow because it is opaque and does not let any light pass through.
Columbia Sportswear is considering expanding into the snowboarding industry by acquiring a premium snowboard manufacturer and marketing snowboards under the Columbia brand name to leverage its reputation for quality outdoor gear. The plan is to target regular snowboarders in the US and Europe with high performance snowboards priced competitively that convey Columbia's values of functionality, durability, and active lifestyle. If successful, the new snowboard line could establish Columbia as a strong competitor in the $500 million snowboarding equipment industry.
The document summarizes information about The Glimmers Ltd., a company that produces juices according to Islamic principles. It outlines the company's objectives to increase market share and product lines. It also discusses the juice market demographics in Lahore and key competitors. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths like updated technology and weaknesses like a small distribution network. The marketing strategy discusses product details, pricing, promotion strategies, and distribution. Budgets are set for promotional activities and controls are outlined.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
The document provides information on LED lighting systems from Ideal Lighting Systems Pvt. Ltd. It discusses the features and benefits of LED lights such as long lifespan, minimum waste, energy savings, and environmental friendliness. It also provides technical specifications for LED lamps, drivers, fixtures, and enclosures. Comparisons are made between LED and conventional lighting systems.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
The document provides information on LED lighting systems from Ideal Lighting Systems Pvt. Ltd. It discusses the features and benefits of LED lights such as long lifespan, minimum waste, energy savings, and environmental friendliness. It also provides technical specifications for LED lamps, drivers, fixtures, and enclosures. Comparisons are made between LED and conventional lighting systems.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
LED having ever highest efficiency compare to other like cfl, mercury, sodium vapor lamps etc. Very long life. Gives true light compare to others i. E. Highest cri which plays major role in process & quality control of products. Cost effective by highest energy saving. Less maintenance cost . No production of ultraviolet light ( which is what attracts insects) . Can be dimmed ( unlike hpmv,hpsv,mh ) allowing for flexibility in controlling light levels. Produce directional light. Useful for directing light on specific areas rather than a diffused glow, led through reduce co2 emission in tons by saving electricity and can gives contribution to save our planet.*Technically designed high quality fitment/ fixtures as per actual requirements /datasheet of CITIZEN which also playing major role in lamp efficiency and lamp life, *Available with flame proof fitments also, *Low maintenance compare to others, *Lowest payback period – maximum 2 years,*Highest guarantee period – 2 years,*Customer service – 24 hours , 365 days ,*Dealing directly with customers – No extra marketing & retailing cost on products.*100% technical support for usage of products, Provides testing facility at customer’s site.
This 12 page document provides specifications for the SK6812 SIDE integrated light source intelligent control chip-on-top SMD type LED. It includes details on the product overview, main applications, descriptions, pin configurations, dimensions, electrical characteristics, typical performance graphs, packaging standards, and application notes. The document aims to clearly communicate the technical specifications and proper usage of this LED to customers and users.
This document provides specifications for the SK6805-2427 integrated light source intelligent control chip-on-top SMD type LED. Key details include:
1. It is a 2.4x2.7x1.1mm top SMD LED with 0.1 watt power and integrated control circuit.
2. The control circuit uses PWM technology to guarantee consistent color across pixels. It can cascade multiple pixels through its data shaping and forwarding circuit.
3. Electrical parameters, timing diagrams, data transmission protocols, application examples, and packaging standards are provided. Maximum ratings, pin functions, and mechanical dimensions are also specified.
This document summarizes an LED lighting system by ILS. It describes the physics and benefits of LED lamps, as well as ILS LED fittings, drivers, fixtures, heat sinks, and financial and environmental comparisons to existing lighting systems. ILS uses high-quality Citizen LEDs and thermal management to provide energy efficient, long-lasting LED lighting.
This document provides an overview of lighting products offered by Moxie Devices Pvt. Ltd., an electronics design and manufacturing company in India. It includes AC-DC LED drivers for various wattages from 5W to 120W, solar LED controllers from 1W to 5W, special protection devices, and intelligent dimmable drivers. Product specifications are provided for each type of driver or controller. The document aims to showcase Moxie's capabilities in LED lighting solutions for applications such as home, street, and outdoor lighting.
The document provides information on ILS LED lighting systems including:
1) Details on LED lamps, drivers, fixtures, and heat sinks used in ILS systems.
2) Test results showing the lamp life and light output of ILS 13x3 45W lamps.
3) Comparisons of ILS LED systems to existing lighting solutions on cost, efficiency, and environmental impact.
4) Information on guarantees, payback, and environmental benefits of ILS LED lighting.
The document provides information on ILS LED lighting systems. It discusses LED lamps, including their physics, benefits, and specifications. It also covers LED drivers, fixtures, heat sinks, and comparisons to existing lighting solutions. Financial details are given on capital budgeting, life cycle costs, and warranties. Environmental benefits and CO2 reduction are also summarized.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
3. CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL LED…
LED stands for Light Emitting
Diode.
An Industrial LED lamp is an
special type of LED lamp
which consists of many small
LEDs or group of LEDs to
create a large amount of
illumination.
5. CONCEPT OF DRIVER…
An LED DRIVER Is one kind of Switch
Mode Power Supply which helps to drive
or to run the LED lamp.
It may consists of Switching MOSFET,
Chopper Transformer, Rectifier DIODE,
Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor etc.
It is the main part of the circuit by the
help of which the LED can glow.
6. STORING OF COMPONENTS…
All the components are stored in a
closed room which is cleaner than ICU.
The components are stored at the
temperature of (22 to 28) degree
celsius.
Under this condition the components
can be stored for more than 1 year.
7. DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPONENTS…
MI(Manual Insertion)
• INSERTION means the action of inserting
something.
SMD(Surface Mounted Device )
• It is one kind of miniature type
component.
8. MANUAL INSERTION PROCEDURE…
The large components goes to the
PREFORMING ROOM.
Here the components are
PREFORMED…that means the leads
of the components are cut for the
soldering.
It helps to solder the components
easily on the circuit board.
9. PROCESSING OF SMD COMPONENTS…
SMD components goes to the PRINTING
ROOM.
There are two types of machines generally
used….
SMD LOADER
PCV PRINTER
10. SMD MOUNTING PROCESS…
SMD MOUNTING MACHINE is used for mounting the SMD
components on the PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD(PCV).
VIDEO
11. CONCEPT OF LED ENGINE…
It is the outer portion of
the LED lamp.
It mainly consists of LED.
It is driven by the LED
DRIVER circuitry.
12. LED HEAT SINK DIFFUSER CONNECTER
MAIN PARTS OF LED ENGINE…
13. SOLDERING PROCEDURE…
All the soldering done in this
company is completely lead
free.
Mainly Ag , Cu , Sn are used
here as soldering reagent.
Wave solderingReflow soldering
14. QUALITY CHECKING PROCEDURE…
X-RAY
STOCK TEST OR BURN
TEST
AOI
(Automatic Optical
Inspection)
DROP TEST
ILLUMINATION
TESTING
CCT
(Color Composite and
Temperature Testing)
15. A BRIEF DETAILS ABOUT THE QUALITY
CHECKING PROCEDURE…
BURN TESTX-RAY TEST AOI
19. THE SCOPE OF LEARNING…
The opportunity of gathering practical
knowledge.
Many informative things behind our
conventional syllabus.
The industrial atmosphere.
The collaboration of the workers with in the
industry.
20. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…
To the entire family of Ramakrishna
Mission Shilpamandira.
To all the working people of UMA
Poly solution for their cordial support
for their industrial visit…