Lecture method of teaching

METHODS OF
TEACHING
UNIT:- VI
JASLEEN KAUR SAGOO
MSC(N)

INTRODUCTION
The word lecture comes from the Latin
word “lectus” which means to read.
From 16th century onwards the word lecture was
used to describe oral instruction given by a
teacher in front of an audience of learners.

DEFINITION OF LECTURE
ACCORDING TO OXFORD DICTIONARY
LECTURE IS DEFINED AS “A discourse ( a long &
serious discussion in speech or writing) given by an
audience on a ‘given subject, usually for the purpose
of instruction”

L: Lively
E: Educative
C: Creative
T: Thought provoking
U: Understanding
R: Relevant
E: Enjoyable

PURPOSE OF LECTURE
1. Lecture is a effective method for
communicating theories, ideas & facts to
students.
2. The basic purpose of lecture is the
dissemination of information.

HOW TO INTRODUCE LECTURE
INTRODUCTION OF
TOPIC
 The introduction usually
takes first three to five
minutes of the lecture.
 This time is crucial in
determining how well
students learn & retain the
information to be
presented.

INTRODUCTION OF TOPIC
 The main purpose is to
provide a framework for
student’s learning content
information.
 It is also necessary to gain
student’s attention.

POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED
1.Establish a relationship with the
audience. Make warm-up comments and
initiate rapport to set the tone of the
class. Establish friendly communication
to provide a positive learning
environment in which students feel
comfortable.
Use an ice breaker to introduce yourself
during you meet first time with students
& maintain an approachable
relationship with students in subsequent
classes.

2.Gain attention & foster motivation. Relate to
student’s goals & interests. You might present a
meaningful problem to students & describe the
lecture as a solution to the problem.

3.Prompt awareness of relevant pre-existing
knowledge. Students need to see how the new
lecture information relates to their existing
knowledge or experience. This not only promotes
interest & motivation, but also is a first step in
cognitive information processing.

4.Clarify the purpose of the lecture & describe how
it is organized. Research supports a correlation
between clarity of objectives & student
achievement.
Students will achieve at higher levels if they know
what knowledge & skills they should gain from
this instruction.

This can be accomplished by doing the following:-
a) Announce the lecture topic as a title.
b) Make a statement about the topic & how it will
be developed.
c) Make a generalization about the topic or simply
list the objectives.

ORGANIZATION & DELIVERY OF LECTURE
An effective lecture is composed of three
components:-
a) Introduction
b) Body
c) Conclusion

BODY OF THE LECTURE :-
It covers the content in an organized way. This is
where you must consult your lecture rapport with
your students.
Lecture material is a combination of facts,
concepts, principles & generalizations.

BODY OF THE LECTURE :-
Concepts:
Lecture should be organized based on the
relationship of the ideas presented. Examples of
relationship that can be used to organize lecture
information include the following:-

1. Component (Part to whole):-Shows how a
larger idea is composed of several smaller ones.
Before we can begin to talk about how urban
planners tackle traffic congestion, we need to look
at how psychology, economics & tradition
contribute to the present day layout of cities.

2.Sequential: Deals with chronological or cause
effect relationship.
3.Material to purpose: Information & procedure is
presented & followed by its purpose or use.
4.Comparison:-Comparing two or more things,
using an explicit basis for comparison.

Use transition words as you present:
Using transitions or links (therefore, because, as a
result) show how pieces of lecture information
relate to each other. Verbal or oral cues also alert
students to more significant information.
1. It is especially important to remember.
2. Please note the following.
3. You will need to memorize.
4. I will ask you to recognize.
5. You should be able to apply.

POINTS TO REMEMBER
 Remember to include AV aids while delivering
lecture.
 Using power point slides, transparencies or even
chalkboard will enliven & strengthen, the
presentation of ideas & thus assist student’s
learning.

Include active learning: Active learning allows
students opportunity to practice using the lecture
information & obtain feedback on the accuracy of
their responses.
For example: During lecture, ask questions or give
students problem solving activities that encourage
them to use the information that they should gain
from the lecture.

At the end of the lecture, You can use the ‘minute
paper’ by asking students to respond in one or two
sentences to the following questions:-
1. What stood out as most important in today’s
lecture?
2. What ideas from today’s lecture are still unclear?

Capture attention: Maintain attention throughout
the lecture by employing techniques such as
following:
 Vary students activities. Lecture for 15 minutes &
then provide an active learning activity.
 Change the mode of presentation (oral to visual)
 Employ concept- relate hmor.
 Demonstrate entusiasm about the subject.
 Encourage note taking by speaking slowly &
repeating important information.

CONCLUSION:
The conclusion, the most frequently neglected
component of the lecture, should be used to
reinforce student’s learning of the information as
well as to clarify any misconceptions regarding
students learning of the information as well as to
clarify any misconceptions regarding their
understanding of the concept presented.

Try to do the following in lecture conclusion:
 Repeat and emphasize main points. Signal
students that you are going to summarize and re
emphasize main points.This will help you to get
the feedback as to wheather or not students
identified the most information ,it is also helpful
to rephrase information in order to clearify key
ideas.

 Encourage question from students. To allow
students time to review their their notes &
thoughts ,pause for a moments after asking for
questions.
 Ask specific leading questions. By doing so, you
will encourage students to review their notes &
formulate questions of their own.

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
 Non verbal behaviours play a significant role in
effective public speaking. Students can enrich or
elaborate the spoken messages. There are
basically two aspects to non verbal behaviour.
BODY
LANGUAGE
VOICE

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
1.BODY LANGUAGE:
The following 4 elements make up body language:-
SPEAKER
AUDIENCE
DISTANCE
FACIAL
EXPRESSION GESTURES
BODY MOVEMENT
AND DISTANCE

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
1.SPAKER AUDEIENCE DISTANCE:
The more objects & distance psychological
as well as physical-between speaker and
audience, the more formal the atmosphere.
If you desire to create a more informal
atmosphere, you should reduce these
barriers. Move from behind the lectern from
time & walk in the aisles as you present
information or carry on discussion with
students.

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
2.BODY MOVEMENT & DISTANCE:
 To communicate, compensate for distance by
employing larger gestures & more volume.
 Body language & posture can convey messages
to audience.

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
3.FACIAL EXPRESSION:
 A significant proportion of the emotional
impact of the speaker’s message is
conveyed by facial expressions.
 It tell students how you will feel about
them & yourself & give students cues to
help them interpret the content of
message.
 Regular eye contact helps you establish
credibility. Look directly at different
individuals while communicating with
them.

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
4.GESTURE:-
Purposeful movements of the head,
arms, hands & shoulders dramatize the
ideas. Three characteristics of effective
gestures includes:
RELAXATION
TIMING
VIGOR

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
2.VOICE:-
Variables allow speaker to make a message clear &
interesting. Some of the vocal characteristics of
good speaking are as follows:-
STRENGTH VARIETY
RATE OF SPEECHENUNCIATION
PRONUNCIATION
PAUSE

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
Speak loudly enough so that the audience does not
have to strain to hear.
STRENGTH

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
Make an effort to speak crisply, avoiding slurring
or skipping parts of words in order to limit the
possibility of mis-undersatnding
ENUNCIATION

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
Meet the audience expectation in regard to
acceptable pronunciation.
PRONUNCIATION

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
In a large lecture, with students concentrating on
note taking, a rate of 120-130 words per minute is
comfortable.
RATE OF SPEECH

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
Vary the characteristics of the voice in term of rate,
pitch, stress, pauses,volume and inflection.
VARIETY

DELIVERY OF LECTURE
 Pauses can provide emphasis & allow students
time to think & take notes.
 Pausing indicates that you are a conscientious
speaker who thinks about what you are going to
say.
 Don’t make sound like um,ah,well-uh etc make
the presention seem disconnected & distracting.
PAUSE

ADVANTAGES OF LECTURE METHOD
ECONOMIC AND
EFFECTIVE METHOD
FOR DELIVERING
LARGE AMOUNT OF
INFORMATION
PROVIDE SUMMARY OF
INFORMATION FROM
DIFFERENT SOURCES.
AFFORDS NECESSARY
FRAMEWORK FOR
SUBSEQUENT
LEARNING(READING
ASSIGNMENTS,SMALL
GROUP ACTIVITIES)
OFFERS CURRENT
INFORMATION
CREATES
INTEREST IN
SUBJECT AS
IT TRANSMITS
ENTHUSIASM
ABOUT THEIR
DISCIPLINE.

DISADVANTAGES OF LECTURE METHOD
NO WAY TO PROVIDE
STUDENTS WITH
INDIVIDUAL FEEDBACK
DOES NOT PROMOTE
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING.
DIFFICULT TO ADAPT
TO INDIVIDUAL
LEARNING
DIFFERENCES
FAIL TO PROMOTE
ACTIVE LEARNING AS
PROBLEM SOLVING &
QUESTIONING ARE
INCORPORATE DIN
LECTURE.

SUMMARIZATION
DEFINITION
ADVANTAGE SAND
DISADVANTAGES OF
LECTURE METHOD
ORGANIZATION
DELIVERY OF LECTURE

Lecture method of teaching

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