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Lecture 9.1 & 9.2- Naming Salts
- 1. Chemical Names and Formulas Dihydrogen monoxide ? It is in water sources everywhere… It is responsible for many deaths every year…
- 2. Monatomic ions consistof a single atom with a positive or negative charge. Positive ions result from the loss of one or more valence electrons. negative ions result from the gain of one or more valence electrons.
- 3. Cations When themetals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number.
- 4. The names ofthe cations of the Group 1A, Group 2A, and Group 3A metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation . Na Na + Sodium atom sodium cation or sodium ion Group1A = 1 valence e - = +1 ion
- 5. These elements haveionic charges that can be obtained from their group numbers . Al 3+ 3e -
- 6. Non-metals gain electrons.Anion charge = group number - 8
- 7. Anion names startwith the stem of the element name and end in -ide . O O oxygen atom oxide ion 2-
- 8. These Group Aelements form anions .
- 9. Some transition metalscan form more than one ion. The charges of these transition metal cations must be specified because there is more than one possible charge.
- 10. These colorful solutionscontain the transition metal ions Co 3+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ni 2+ , and Mn 2+ .
- 11. Many transition metalcompounds are colored and can be used as pigments.
- 12. Two methods areused to name the ions of transition metals. The Stock system The classical method
- 13. In the Stocksystem, a Roman numeral in parentheses is placed after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge. FeCl 3 iron(III) chloride FeCl 2 iron(II) chloride
- 14. In an olderless useful method, the latin name of the element is used to form the root name for the ion.
- 15.
- 16. Polyatomic ions, arecomposed of more than one atom. The names of most polyatomic anions end in - ite or - ate .
- 17. These models showthe structures of four common polyatomic ions.
- 18. Names and Formulasof Some Common Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are covalently bound groups with an overall charge.
- 19. NaHCO 3 Sodiumhydrogen carbonate can relieve an upset stomach.
- 20. HCO 3 –, HPO 4 2– , and H 2 PO 4 – ions in your blood are critical for your health.
- 21. Fertilizers contain HPO4 2– and H 2 PO 4 – ions.
- 22. A binary compoundis composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular .
- 23. Ionic compounds arenamed differently than molecular(covalent) compounds. When naming ionic compounds, state the cation first then the anion.
- 24. KNO3 K + NO 3 - potassium nitrate TiO 2 Ti 4+ O 2- titanium(IV) oxide Watch out for elements that make multiple ions!!- They need (charge) Look out for polyatomic ions!! More than 1 non-metal
- 25. Tin(II) flouride, orSnF 2 , is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities.
- 26. Tin(IV) sulfide, orSnS 2 , is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes.
- 27. Hematite, a commonore of iron, contains iron (III) oxide. The balanced formula is Fe 2 O 3 .
- 28. Writing Formulas forIonic Compounds Write the symbol of the cation and then the anion. Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges. Al 3+ and O 2- ions make Al 2 O 3 crystals.
- 29. Compounds With PolyatomicIons calcium cation– Ca 2+ polyatomic nitrate anion– NO 3 – Two nitrate anions are needed to balance the 2+ charge of the calcium cation. calcium nitrate is Ca(NO 3 ) 2 . Parenthesis are needed to show more than one polyatomic ion.
- 30. Lead(II)sulfate is animportant component of an automobile battery.
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- 35. 1. When metalsfrom groups 1A, 2A, and 3A form cations, the charge on the ion is equal to 8 minus the group number. the group number minus 8. the period number. the group number. 9.1 Section Quiz.
- 36. 2. Which ofthe following are positively charged polyatomic ions? (I) ammonium ion (II) perchlorate ion (III) ferric ion I only II only III only I and III
- 37. 3. If thename of an ion ends in -ite or -ate , the ion is a polyatomic cation. polyatomic anion. transition metal cation. monatomic anion.
- 38. 1. The correctname for CrCl 3 is chromium chlorine. chromium(III) chloride. chromium(II) chloride. chromium chloride. 9.2 Section Quiz
- 39. 2. What isthe correct formula for strontium nitride? Sr 3 N 2 SrN 2 Sr 2 N 3 Sr 3 N
- 40. 3. Which oneof the following compounds is named correctly? sodium chlorite, NaClO potassium nitrate, KNO 2 sodium acetate, NaC 2 H 3 O 2 lithium sulfate, Li 2 SO 3
Editor's Notes
- #6 The representative elements shown form positive ions with charges equal to their group numbers. Applying Concepts Are the ions anions or cations?
- #9 Note the positions of the nonmetals and the metalloid, arsenic. These elements form anions. Common transition elements that form more than one ion are also shown. Applying Concepts Do the transition metals form anions or cations?
- #11 The ions of these transition metals produce an array of colors when dissolved in water. From left to right, the ions are Co 3+ , Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Ni 2+ , and Mn 2+ .
- #12 Many transition metals form brightly colored compounds that are used in making artists’ paints.
- #18 These molecular models show the arrangement of atoms in four common polyatomic ions. Interpreting Diagrams How does the ammonium ion differ from the other three?
- #20 Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO 3 - ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO 3 - , HPO 4 2- , and H 2 PO 4 - ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO 4 2- and H 2 PO 4 - ions.
- #21 Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO 3 - ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO 3 - , HPO 4 2- , and H 2 PO 4 - ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO 4 2- and H 2 PO 4 - ions.
- #22 Hydrogen-containing polyatomic ions are part of many compounds that affect your daily life. a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO 3 - ion, can relieve an upset stomach. b) The presence of dissolved HCO 3 - , HPO 4 2- , and H 2 PO 4 - ions in your blood is critical for your health. c) Crop dusters spread fertilizers containing HPO 4 2- and H 2 PO 4 - ions.
- #26 Tin(II) fluoride and tin(IV) sulfide have different compositions and uses. a) Tin(II) fluoride is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities. b) Tin(IV) sulfide is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes. Inferring What are the charges on the tin ions in the two compounds?
- #27 Tin(II) fluoride and tin(IV) sulfide have different compositions and uses. a) Tin(II) fluoride is added to toothpastes to prevent cavities. b) Tin(IV) sulfide is used in glazes for porcelain fixtures and dishes. Inferring What are the charges on the tin ions in the two compounds?
- #28 In the process for making steel, iron is extracted from hematite, an ore containing iron(III) oxide. Applying Concepts What is the formula for iron(III) oxide?
- #31 Some examples of ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions are shown. a) Oysters produce calcium carbonate to form their shells and sometimes pearls. b) Lead(II) sulfate is an important component of an automobile battery. c) Compounds such as ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate are common fertilizers.